Izikhumulo zezindiza zaseKazakhstan: incazelo nemisebenzi

Yiziphi izikhumulo zezindiza zaseKazakhstan? Ziyiphi imizi? Lezi zindaba kanye nezinye izinto esizoxoxa ngazo kulesi sihloko. IRiphabhlikhi yaseKazakhstan iphakathi nendawo ye-Eurasia. Iphetha amandla amaningi, njengeRussia, i-China, i-Turkmenistan, i-Uzbekistan, i-Kyrgyzstan. I-Kazakhstan ithatha indawo yesishiyagalolunye emhlabeni futhi yesibili phakathi kwamazwe e-CIS. Ngakho-ke, abaningi banesithakazelo sokwazi ukuthi zingaki zezindiza kuleli zwe.

Naphezu kokuthi abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyi-18 bahlala eKazakhstan, izindiza zezindiza ezingaphakathi kwamanye amazwe nezangaphakathi zisebenza kuleli zwe.

Izithuthi zezindiza zomhlaba

Izivakashi zihlale zifisa izithameli zezindiza zaseKazakhstan. Ihabhu le-air international libhekwa njengalezo zamasango, lapho ukuthuthwa kwezwe kusetshenziswa khona futhi kwamukelwa, futhi iphuzu lokulawula amasiko lisebenza. Ama-aero angamazwe angaphandle aseKazakhstan atholakala emadolobheni alandelayo:

• Aktau;
• I-Shymkent;
• I-Almaty;
• Ust-Kamenogorsk;
• I-Astana;
• Atyrau;
• I-Uralsk;
• Aktobe;
• I-Kokshetau;
• I-Petropavlovsk;
• I-Karaganda;
• Semey;
• I-Taraz;
• I-Baikonur (Extreme);
• Kostanay;
• I-Pavlodar.

I-node enkulu kunazo zonke

Izikhumulo zezindiza zaseKazakhstan ziyizakhiwo ezimangalisayo ngalesi sikhathi. Isikhumulo sezindiza sase-Almaty sikhulu kunazo zonke ezweni lonke futhi sibalwe njengendawo yokugcina ye-transnational e-Kazakhstan.

Yaqala ukusebenza eminyakeni engama-35 yekhulu lama-XX futhi namuhla ithola izivakashi ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-5 ngonyaka, futhi usuku luwenza cishe ama-250 okuthathwa kanye nokuthatha izindawo. Waba yindawo engcono kunazo zonke emazweni aseCIS ngo-2012. Namuhla, leli dolobha lomoya linemivimbo emibili emisha yokufika, engathatha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwendiza, futhi ifakwe imishini entsha.

Isikhumulo sezindiza sitholakala ku-15 km ukusuka enkabeni yedolobha, ngakho amabhasi ahamba njalo lapha. Kusukela ekuseni kuze kube sekwephuzile ebusuku, ngokusebenzisa indawo yesikhungo esiteshini se-station, cishe imizila engamatshumi ayisikhombisa idlula kuyo yonke imikhawulo ye-megalopolis.

Engxenyeni yesibhakabhaka sezindiza kukhona ukuma kwetekisi, evulekile nxazonke.

Isikhumulo sezindiza saseMetropolitan

Ngakho-ke, siyaqhubeka sicabangela izikhumulo zezindiza zaseKazakhstan. I-Aero-node Astana, eyaqala uhambo lwayo ngama-1930 enendawo encane yesigcawu enezindlu samanic zamakamelo ayisishiyagalombili, manje isendaweni yesibili ngokwezithuthi zomphakathi ezweni, ekhonza cishe imiphefumulo eyizigidi ezingu-3.5 ngonyaka. Inkundla yezindiza ifakwe i-airstrip eyodwa, kodwa ikwazi ukuthatha zonke izinhlangothi, futhi usuku lokuthumela emazweni angaphandle, ingabala izindiza zezwe, izindiza ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi amane.

Isikhumulo sezindiza sase-Astana (Kazakhstan) saziwa ngokuthi abantu abangaphezu kuka-14 bezindiza baqhuba izindiza ezivamile lapha. Ingqalasizinda ye-terminal yokugcina kanye ne-airline ihambelana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi abahambi abaye bakhetha le sezindiza bazohlale bezizwa bekhululekile futhi behlelekile.

Akauau

Yiziphi izikhumulo ezinhle ze-Kazakhstan? Amadolobha azungeze lapho atholakala khona akhona izingxenye ezahlukene zezwe. Ngakho-ke, idolobha elincane lase-Aktau elisemaphandleni liseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeRiphabliki esifundeni saseMangistau. Nakuba inemiphefumulo engaba ngu-200,000, isikhumulo sezindiza esingaphezu komhlaba, esivela ku-20 km ukusuka enkabeni, sithola izivakashi ezine ngonyaka ngaphezu kwabantu abahlala edolobheni.

Kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-2007, imisebenzi ye-terminal yaqala ukulawulwa ngabatshali bezimali baseTurkey, okwandisa inani lezindiza nezindiza, futhi kwathinteka kakhulu izindlela zokusebenza zasekhaya.

Namuhla i-mooring yasezulwini iyavuma:

• Izithwali ezimbili zeRussian Federation: "Isikhungo-South" ne "Aeroflot" ngezindiza ukuya eSamara naseMoscow;
• Izinkampani zezindiza ze-Kazakhstan ezintathu ezaziwa kakhulu - i-Bek Air, i-Air Astana ne-SCAT, zenza izindiza ezivamile eziya eTbilisi, Istanbul, Baku, Yerevan kanye nemidolobha emikhulu yaseRussia, kanye nokuthutha kwekhaya;
• I-AZAL (i-Azerbaijan) ngezindiza eziqondile eziya eBaku;
• I-UIA yase-Ukraine endleleni eya eKie-Boryspil naseBaku.

I-airfield iyingxenye yeklasi B, ingayithola i-Il-76, i-Boeing-747, okuthiwa "Noma yikuphi", kufaka phakathi izinhlangothi ezikhanyayo kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezindiza ze-helicopter. Ibuye igcine imishini yezempi yaseKazakhstan, evikela imingcele yasentshonalanga yamandla ayo. Akukho uxhumano lwezokuthutha komuzi kanye nensimu ye-harbor emoyeni.

Aktobe

Ubalekele esikhumulweni sezindiza e-Kazakhstan? Ngumuphi umuzi otholakala kuwo? Noma kunjalo akunandaba, ngoba zonke izindawo ze-aero-nodes zaseKazakhstan zihle kakhulu. Cabanga ngokuphela kwe-Aktobe, eseduze nemigwaqo ephakathi ye-megalopolis eponymous, engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe. Lapha ukugeleza konyaka kwabahambi akudluli imiphefumulo eyizinkulungwane ezingu-400.

Kusukela ngo-2004 kuze kube manje, isakhiwo sokuphela sithuthukiswa ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kanye nomqambi wokufika.

Ukugeleza okuyisisekelo kwezindiza ezivamile kugcwaliswa ngabathwali abangu-4 baseKazakhstan ngemigqa yasekhaya, naseTurkey naseMoscow. Abathwali ababili beRussian Federation endleleni eya emoyeni eya eMoscow, ophethe i-Azerbaijan Silk Way Airlines nezindiza eziya e-Xinzheng (e-China) naseBaku zamukelwa njalo.

Ezinye izikhumulo zezindiza

Isiphephelo somphakathi sasePetropavlovsk e-Kazakhstan ngemuva kokuhlelwa kabusha kweminyaka emibili singasebenza kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezindiza. Uthatha izindiza ezivamile kuphela kusukela enhlokodolobha ye-republic - i-Astana. Esendaweni esempumalanga yezwe, ama-aero angama-aero angamazwe angaphandle asebenza emadolobheni aseSemey nase-Ust-Kamenogorsk. Zombili izikhumulo zezindiza zisebenza izindiza ezihlelekile ezweni lonke kanye nezindiza zangaphandle eziya e-Antalya, eMoscow, eNovosibirsk.

I-Aero-node i-Sary-Arka itholakala ku-20 km ukusuka esikhungweni sesifunda nesezimboni esifundeni saseKaraganda - idolobha laseKaraganda. Kubhekwa njengenye yezingqimba ezinkulu ze-republic, eyenzelwe umthamo wabantu abangu-1200 ngehora.

Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseKazakhstan yilapho okuthiwa yi-capital capital - idolobha lase-Atyrau. Ukusuka lapha ukuhamba okujwayelekile akukwenziwa kuphela emizini yezwe, kodwa nase-Istanbul, eMoscow, e-Amsterdam naseBaku.

Emakhilomitha angu-6 ukusuka eBaikonur emazweni aseKyzylorda oblast kuneyunithi ye-aero ekhonza i-cosmodrome futhi ifakwe ohlwini lwerejista yombuso yamabhanoyi omphakathi waseRussia Federation.

Futhi isikhumbuzo sezindiza emhlabeni wonke saseShymkent, eseningizimu yeKazakhstan, namuhla, emva kokubuyekezwa okuningi, kuhlangabezana nezidingo zomhlaba wonke futhi ngonyaka uthola abagibeli abangaphezu kuka-440,000 abafika kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwebhodi.

Uma ufuna ukuvakashela leli zwe, zama ukukhetha umzila ongcono kakhulu kusengaphambili!