I-Airbus A350: ukuhlelwa kwangaphakathi, izici nokubuyekeza

Enye yezinhlobo zakamuva zendiza zezindiza zanamuhla yi-Airbus A350. Ungumfanekiso wemibono ephambili kakhulu yokucabanga. Kodwa-ke, le ndege, naphezu kwezinzuzo zayo ezicacile ngaphezu komncintiswano, inezinselele zayo. Ake sikhulume ngomlando wokuthuthukiswa kwe-Airbus A350, uchaze izici zayo eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe, futhi ufunde izimpendulo zabagibeli bokuqala nabachwepheshe.

Umbusi we "I-Airbus"

Kodwa okokuqala ake sikhulume ngemigudu yezindiza zabagibeli zokuthutha emoyeni yenkampani yenkampani ethi "Aerobus", njengoba imodeli yokugcina yaleli qembu lezindiza "i-Airbus A350" nje.

Inkampani yaseFrance "i-Aerobus" yasungulwa ngo-1970 ngokuhlanganisa abakhiqizi abaningana bezindiza. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo, sekube omunye wabadlali abakhulu kakhulu emakethe. Uhlanganyela ekwenzeni kokubili imishini yomphakathi kanye nempi.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo, "I-Airbus" ingene empini eqinile neyesikhathi esiphezulu emakethe yezindiza zomphakathi yi-American firm Boeing. Futhi, ngithi, le mpikiswano ayiphumelelanga. Kakade indiza yokuqala, eyenziwe yi-European concern in 1972 (A300), isithandwa kakhulu ezindizeni. I-aircraft entsha yayiyizindiza ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke we-twin-engine, okungukuthi, ukuba nezindima ezimbili phakathi kwezihlalo zabagibeli. Ngo-1974, yamukelwa ukuba isebenze yi-French air carrier ye-Air France futhi isetshenziswe kuze kube namuhla.

Kwabe sekulandelwa ukukhululwa kwama-airline alandelayo: A310, umndeni A320, A330, A340, A380. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzila we-A320, kanye nomndeni wakwaBoing 737, okwamanje uyathandwa kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ukugcina ngo-2013 kukhishwe "i-Airbus A350" entsha. Mayelana naye futhi uzoqhubeka nokuqhubeka.

Umlando wokudala

Ukudalwa kwezindiza entsha yi-Airbus kwahlelwe njengempendulo yokuqaliswa kukaBoing we-777 indiza (1994) kanye nokumemezelwa kohlelo lwe-Boeing-787 (ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa kwaba ngu-2004). Lezi zinsuku zazibekwe njengezindiza ezinomnotho kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ekilasini.

Ephendula, "I-Airbus" ihlelwe ukukhulula inguqulo ethuthukisiwe nengcono kakhulu ye-A330, eyibiza nge-A330-200 Lite. Kwakuwumnotho owawuse phambili ekuthuthukiseni lo modeli, owaqala ukukhuluma ngomnyaka ofanayo ka-2004 ngenkathi kwenziwa isimemezelo seBoing-787.

Kodwa, njengoba kuvele enkambweni yokuklama, kudingekile izinguquko ezinkulu ukuze kufinyelelwe kulo mgomo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-2006, kwamenyezelwa ukuqaliswa komsebenzi omusha, obizwa ngokuthi "i-Airbus A350 XWB". Izincwadi zokugcina zihunyushwe njengeMzimbeni Wangezikhulu, okusho ngesiRussia "i-fuselage ebanzi kakhulu". Kwamenywa ngokushesha ukuthi indiza entsha izoba namandla okwenza amafutha ngaphezu kwe-Boeing-787, futhi izindleko zayo zokugcina zizobe ziphansi ngo-8%.

Inqubo yokudala

Ngakho-ke, ngo-2006 kwaba yisiqalo ekwenzeni inqwaba yezindiza zomzimba ezihamba phambili ezinjini ezimbili, i-Airbus A350.

Empeleni, ukuthuthukiswa akuzange kuthathe isikhathi esiningi, njengoba kuvamise kubalulekile ukudala indiza yalesi sifundo. Kwaphela iminyaka eyisithupha. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi phakathi nomsebenzi inani elincane lezinguquko zesakhiwo ohlelweni lokuqala lwasungulwa, kanye nesifiso senkampani ekugcineni ukukhiqiza umncintiswano ofanele oqale ngo-2009 ukulima izindawo ze-Boeing 787.

Ekupheleni kuka-2012, indiza ngaphansi kwenombolo ye-serial MSN1 yayithunyelwa esitolo. Maphakathi no-2013, wenza indiza yokuhlola yokuqala, futhi kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2015 waqala ukuhamba ngezindiza ezihamba ngezindiza A350.

Ukuguqulwa

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le modeli yayinezinguquko ezintathu ngesikhathi esisodwa: A350 - 800, A350 - 900 no-A350 - 1000.

"I-Airbus A350 - 800" yaqala ukusebenza ngo-2014. I-salon yayo yenzelwe ukuthwala abagibeli abangu-270, futhi uhambo lwezindiza ngu-15,700 km. Lokhu kuguqulwa nge-fuselage encishisiwe.

"I-Airbus A350 - 900" yaqala ukusebenza ngonyaka ofanayo. Umthamo wayo kwakuyizigibeli ezingu-314, kodwa ibanga elingakwazi ukuhamba ngalo laliyingcosana - 15,000 km. Lona ukuguqulwa okubhekwa njengesisekelo.

"I-Airbus A350 - 1000" yenze indiza yokuqala evamile kuphela ngo-2015. Umthamo wayo ungabagibeli abangu-350, kanti uhlangothi lwendiza yi-14,800 km. Le model ine-fuselage ende (uma kuqhathaniswa nesisekelo).

Abashayeli bezindiza ababili kudingeka ukuba basebenze zonke izinguquko ezibizwa ngokuthi.

Ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe

Manje ake sifunde kabanzi mayelana nokuklama nezici zobuchwepheshe ze-Airbus A350.

Imodeli eyisisekelo inebude obungama-66.8 m, nokuguqulwa - 60.5 m no-73.8 m, ngokulandelana. Amaphiko angama-64 m. Ukuphakama kwazo zonke izindiza ukuguqulwa kuyinto 16.9 m, kanti indawo yokusebenza iphiko ngu-443 m ² .

Isici esiyinhloko sokwakhiwa kwe-"Airbus" entsha ukuthi sakhiwa ngamapayipi angaphezu kwama-50%, okudlula inani elifanayo le "Boeing 787". Futhi ku-A350 kwakusetshenziselwa amathiphu e-saber-like wings, ayengakaze asetshenziswe kwezinye izinhlobo ze-Aerobus.

Zonke izinguquko zezindiza zinezinjini ezimbili ze-Trent XWB, ezikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngesivinini esiphezulu esingu-945 km / h. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indiza ifakwe injini eyisizayo i-Honeywell HGT1700.

Ikakishi lomgibeli kanye negaraji

Ngayinye yezinguquko zezindiza zine-salon enamazinga amathathu enduduzo: ekilasini lokuqala, ibhizinisi kanye nomnotho. Ngokwemvelo, kuzo zonke zazo kukhona ukungafani okuphawulekayo ezingeni lenkonzo kanye nenduduzo. Abagibeli, ngokuya ngesimo sabo sezezimali kanye nezidingo, bangakhetha noma yiziphi izigaba ezintathu ezihlongozwayo "kwi-Airbus A350". Ukuhlelwa kwe-cabin kuboniswa esithombeni ngezansi.

Ayikho indiza emhlabeni ongayenza ngaphandle kwephepathi yabaqhubi bezindiza. Lona iphuzu lapho ukulawulwa kwezindiza zezindiza kwenziwa khona. I-Cabin "I-Airbus A350" ifakwe amadivayisi we-elekthronikhi yakamuva, adalwe ngeteknoloji yakamuva, okuvumela ukuba uqhube imoto ngesandla noma ngosizo lozenzekelayo.

Impendulo evela kubagibeli nabachwepheshe

Futhi manje masithole ukuthi yimuphi umbono oye wakha mayelana nendiza entsha kusuka kubagibeli bayo bokuqala kanye nochwepheshe.

Izinkampani eziningi zenkampani ziphawula induduzo eyengeziwe yendawo yokugibela uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ze-Airbus, kanye nokunciphisa okukhethekile kwezindiza, ngaphandle kwemigodi yezindiza nezinye izinkinga ezincane.

Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi indiza entsha, empeleni, iyinhlangano yezindiza enomnotho kakhulu ekilasini layo. Phakathi kokushiyeka okuholela abahlaziyi bephawula izindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqizwa komshini, futhi, ngokuvumelana nalokho, intengo yayo efinyelelekayo. Ngakho-ke, emakethe yomhlaba indiza entsha yaseFrance, kuye ngokuguqulwa kwayo, kubiza kusuka ku-260,9 kuya ku-340.7 wezigidi zamaRandi. Uma kuqhathaniswa, "Boeing 787" kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani elingama-218.3 kuya ku-297.5 million. Kodwa ukonga ekufakeni uphethiloli nokugcinwa kwempahla kuvumela okungaphezu kokukhokha lo mdahluko ekusebenzeni isikhathi eside. Okunye phakathi kokushiyeka kukhona izinga elandisiwe lokuzenzekelayo ekuphathweni, nakuba kwezinye izimo lokhu kungabhekwa njengekhono.

Kodwa-ke, iningi labachwepheshe bezwe linikeza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezindiza "Airbus A350".

Amathemba

Njengamanje, "i-Airbus A350" ibhekwa njengesona esonayo kakhulu futhi eshibhile ekusebenzeni i-flight of class. Ngokwezici zobuchwepheshe, udlula umncintiswano walo omkhulu - "Boeing 787". Manje kufanele silinde ukubuya kwenkampani yaseMelika futhi sibone ukuthi isimangaliso sobuchwepheshe esingayiphikisa isithandani saseYurophu.

Izimo zezomnotho eziphakeme zenze ukuba kube lula ukuhlinzeka ngendiza entsha yeFrance evela ezindizeni ezihamba phambili zomhlaba. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje kukhona imiyalo kakade yokulethwa kwezindiza ezingu-764 ezivela ezingxenyeni ezingu-39 zomoya. Phakathi kwazo kukhona iQatar Airways, iQatar Airways, iVietnam Vietnam Airlines, isiFinnish Finnair, isiPutukezi iTAP Portugal, i-Spanish Iberia. "I-Airbus A350", i-scheme ye-cabin yezindiza ivumela ukusabalalisa abagibeli bezimali ezihlukahlukene zezezimali ngendlela ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi amandla okugcina ngezindiza ezengeziwe azokusetshenziswa ngamakhasimende ngisho nangaphezulu, kuze kube yilapho umncintiswano ofanelekile ehlelwa khona.

Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe akusimi, futhi ukubukeka kwamabhanoyi amasha abanezici eziphakeme nakakhulu zezomnotho kuphela nje isikhathi.