Imisinga ye-Arctic Ocean. Amanzi e-Arctic Ocean. imisinga Ukushayela

endaweni e-Arctic Ocean has endaweni ephansi amanzi phakathi kwawo wonke amanye imicengezi Zomhlaba - abayizigidi ezingu 14,75 square metres. km. Kutholwe phakathi amazwekazi aseMelika futhi Eurasia. Ngokuphelele Nenkabazwe. I ezizungeze ukujula enkulu uvezwa Greenland Sea - 5527 amamitha. Isamba amanzi cubic metres abangaba yizigidi ezingu-18. km.

Izici eziyinhloko e-Arctic Ocean - nempumuzo yakhe ukugeleza. Amanzi phansi wekhasi ezwekazini, futhi amelwe ishalofu omkhulu, ezisabalele cishe kuwo wonke umcengezi. Ngenxa sezulu esibandayo futhi indawo polar yesifunda ezimaphakathi olwandle njalo embozwe iqhwa. Okwamanje wamukele ngokwemibandela bahlukanise amanzi amachibi ezilandelayo: Arctic, Canadian nabaseYurophu.

Ingemuva

Incazelo ye-Arctic Ocean kumele kuqale nge izici ngokwezindawo zomhlaba. ukudlula kwamanzi Border ngokusebenzisa eStraits of Denmark, i-Hudson futhi Davis, nasogwini Greenland kanye Faroe Islands kuze Peninsula zaseScandinavia. The main ocean headlands kubhekwe Brewster Gerpir, Reydinupyur, Dezhnev. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli chibi bathes amazwe ezifana Iceland, Norway, i-Russia, eCanada, e-United States. Nge Pacific Ocean izungezwe iBering Strait. Iphuzu ezikude ogwini Alaska.

Arctic Ocean (bheka isithombe. Ngezansi) ithatha% 4 kuphela endaweni ingqikithi amanzi emhlabeni. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kubhekwa ulwandle i-Atlantic umcengezi. Iqiniso liwukuthi-Arctic Ocean ngoba ingxenye enkulu amanzi kuqhathaniswa engajulile. Kuphela ezindaweni ezimbalwa ukujula ifinyelela 1.5 km. Esinye sezizathu ubude ugu - ezingaphezu kuka-45 eziyinkulungwane km. Le ndawo amanzi kuhlanganisa ngaphezu ezilwandle kweshumi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lawa uBarents Sea, amaChukchi, Kara, isiNorway Beaufort, eSiberia, Laptev Sea, White, Greenland. Olwandle Ocean umcengezi ithatha ezingaphezu kuka-50%. Leli chweba enkulu ubhekwa Hudson.

Isiqhingi uthi ephephandabeni i-Arctic Ocean inqwaba. Kulaba archipelagos ngobukhulu ukunikeza Canadian. Lihlanganisa iziqhingi ezifana Ellesmere Island, eKing William Island, Svalbard, Prince Patrick, Izingqungqulu Zomhlaba, Kong, Wrangel Island, Victoria, Kolguev, Amabhange et al.

amanzi Yangaphakathi kwegazi

Yesikhathi eside iqhwa efihla kobuso ocean emiphumeleni oqondile umkhathi futhi emisebeni yelanga. Ngakho-ke akuyona yisici esiyinhloko esibangela ithonya kwamanzi ukuhamba emanzini inamandla inflow mass North-Atlantic. Lokhu kuhamba ngendlela emnandi, futhi inquma isithombe mazombe seragelo lokusabalalisa amanzi amanengi echibini European. On the kwegazi esifundeni Arctic kuthinta isimo zasePacific mass yeqhwa.

Balance kwamanzi ibangelwa abakhwabanisi kuya empumalanga nasenyakatho endaweni Atlantic. Lokhu ukunyakaza kwabo futhi kubalulekile-Arctic Ocean. Of amanzi asele waste kungaba ukuhlonza besebunzimeni eziqhingi Canadian.

Arctic Ocean (bheka isithombe. Kwesokudla) kakhulu kwakhiwa ngenxa emfuleni flow. nemifula emikhulu, ezithinta yolwandle, ase-Asiya. Yingakho ngo-Alaska kuye kwaba ukunyakaza okusimeme eqhweni.

amanzi Ukufana

Ngo-Arctic Ocean secrete izingqimba amanzi eziningana: eligcizelela ukubukeka kwangaphandle, Lesisemkhatsini ezijulile. Esokuqala mass nge amazinga usawoti encishisiwe. ukujula Its amamitha 50. Amazinga isilinganiso Arctic Ocean -2 degrees. Kwamanzi ithonya izakhiwo ungqimba zinqunywa incibilikiswa ice, ukuhwamuka ukwehla nokugeleza kwawo. Le ndawo olufudumele we amanzi oLwandle Norwegian kubhekwa. lokushisa yayo ebusweni isesikhathini 8 degrees.

Lo mgodi interlayer - amanzi uquqaba, asinikeze a ka 800 amamitha ukujula. Lapha, izinga lokushisa kwe-Arctic Ocean kuyahlukahluka ngaphakathi degree elilodwa. Loku kubangelwa nokusakazwa ofudumele kusukela oLwandle Greenland. I usawoti emanzini kuwufanele ngezithuba 37 ‰ noma ngaphezulu. ungqimba Deep kwakhiwa Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows mpo futhi elisukela strait phakathi Spitsbergen futhi Greenland. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukugeleza eduze phansi olwandle kubangelwa ukunyakaza bamanzi izilwandle ezinkulu. I lokushisa endaweni amanzi ku ekujuleni esiphezulu degree angaba -1.

izimo noTidali

Okunjalo anomalies kwamanzi e-Arctic Ocean kuyinsakavukela. Tide abangelwa kunqunywa amanzi Atlantic. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke nasemkhakheni uBarents Sea, eSiberia, Kara futhi amaChukchi kwezilwandle. Lapha tide uhlamvu semi diurnal. Isizathu ukuthi ezimbili-isigaba isikhathi ukungalingani kwenyanga (minimum futhi esiphezulu).

pool YaseYurophu-Arctic Ocean ihlukile kwezinye tide ubude. Lapha, izinga lamanzi linyuka ukurekhoda okusezingeni eliphezulu - abafika kwabangu-10 amamitha. Ubuningi ebonwe Mezen Bay. Min - ngasogwini Canada naseSiberia (ngaphansi kuka 0.5 m).

Futhi oceanographers labelwe umoya yokwanda oscillations. Ezingxenyeni eziningi umcengezi kukhona begagasi ukuphakama kwamamitha 2 kuya ku-11. imihlola Maximum ebonwe Sea Norwegian - 12 m.

Kuyini phezu

Ngulona logeleta kukholamu amanzi ukuthi kukhona uhlobo yansukuzonke noma unomphela. Olwandle (bheka ibalazwe. Ngezansi) futhi kungenzeka olukha phezulu noma ezijulile, abandayo noma efudumele. Imvamisa futhi cyclicality kukhona gqwa, njalo kanye okuxubile notshwala ezahlukene. Iyunithi yokukala olwandle ebizwa ngokuthi Sverdrup. Imifudlana yamanzi ihlukaniswa ngu ukuzinza, ukujula, ngokomzimba nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali, ubunjalo kanye kokuqondisa yezokuvakasha, ngemiphumela amabutho, njll Nokho, amaqembu amathathu ezinkulu Amathrendi ezikhishwe namuhla ..:

1. noTidali. Ibangelwa ukuthutheleka imizimba omkhulu wamanzi. ISidlo emanzini futhi eduze nogu. Ezahlukene umthelela force. ukubukwa ehlukile imisinga ocean kubhekwa thrower.

2. wesilinganiso. Ngokuthi ovundlile ingcindezi hydrostatic phakathi laphakathi amanzi. Ingabe ngu ukuminyana, barogradientnymi, abakhwabanisi, isinxephezelo kanye seiche.

3. Umoya. Okubangwa komoya onamandla.

Izici kwe-Gulf Stream

Gulf ukusakaza kuyinto wamanje efudumele, okuyinto ephawula endaweni Atlantic. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kugeleza idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni balo nokusakazwa kwalo ne-Arctic Ocean. Efika evela ogwini North American. Lolo hide luqala ngo eGrand Banks ukuze eStraits of Florida. Gulfstream kungokwalabo kwamanzi izinhlelo oLwandle uBarents futhi Spitsbergen.

Lokhu ukugeleza Arctic Ocean kwanele, okuyinto ukwandisa izinga lokushisa jikelele bamanzi. Ububanzi Gulf Ukusakaza amakhilomitha 90. Ihamba ngesikhathi Isivinini 2-3 m / s. Lokhu kwenza kube omunye misinga enamandla kunazo efudumele kwezilwandle. Kwezinye izindawo ukugeleza ifinyelela 1.5 km ukujula. Dynamics Gulf Stream eshintsha unyaka wonke. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, izinga lokushisa yayo imayelana 25 C. ukushintshashintsha esiphezulu ebonwe izingxenye enyakatho-Norwegian Sea, lapho amazinga wawa ngokushesha nge-degree 10.

Dynamics Gulf Stream

Phakathi yashesha ukuhweba tropical imimoya amanzi babutha naseCaribbean. Amandla ukunyakaza kubangelwa ukuzungeza iplanethi. Ngomqondo yenawo GolfStream kunqunywa ugu imisinga, usawoti kanye lokushisa ukusatshalaliswa imodi.

nomthelela obalulekile inkambo ukuhlinzeka eGulf of Mexico kusuka eCuba. Kule ndawo, endaweni amanzi has a imvelo cyclical. Amanzi kancane kancane inyamalala ekusakazeni ezinamandla e -Atlantic Ocean ngokusebenzisa Florida Straits. Esikhathini Bahamas ukugeleza kwenzeka nezinye izinto. Iqoqo ukunyakaza kuyehla ekwakhekeni iringi, okungukuthi, vortices ezinkulu. Lapha Gulf wokusakaza yokuthola amandla ayo.

Esikhathini esizayo, kanye nazo zonke ezinye imisinga ye-Arctic Ocean, ukugeleza amandla akulahlekele ngenxa ezingeni lelisetulu ukuhwamuka ngasogwini Europe. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka sezulu esipholile. Engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Arctic Ocean kukhona ukugeleza legatsha amaningi.

Yini esongela Gulf Stream

Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule ngenxa simo esishubile ezahlukene. Okokuqala kumayelana umjikelezo Inkomba. Cishe abalulekile oscillations athi gqwa-Gulf Stream kuyagcinwa njalo eminyakeni emibili. ukuphambuka okunjalo ukugeleza Arctic Ocean kuhilelani izinguquko ezinkulu esimweni sezulu. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze lisongela iplanethi inhlekelele Meteorological. kungeyona Fast ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kungaholela yokuthi ingxenye European bezwe uzoma sishiswa ngakho. Umphumela kungaba ice age entsha. izindaba Ngasekuqaleni nezinhlekelele ezifanayo. Okunjalo iziphetho ososayensi ngenzile njengakho ukuhlaziywa ice Greenland ezijulile.

Uma kungeyona Gulf Stream okulinganiswa ngempela esikalini njengento enhle, owokuqala ebhekana yokumba abaningi ngamafutha. Umphumela bekuyoba Inhlekelele yezindawo zemvelo kakade.

Izici Ezihilelekile Kule-East Greenland yamanje

Lokhu kusakaza amandla wesibili e-Arctic Ocean. Yena kwabo amanzi abandayo kuletha. indima yakhe Starring echibini somhlaba wonke saba khona abakhwabanisi kanye nokususwa ice kusukela Arctic. Qala imisinga ye-Arctic Ocean siyenzeka ngasogwini Asia. Ekwenzeni enyakatho izimfoloko ekusakazeni. Leli igatsha lokuqala uya eGreenland, kwesibili - eNyakatho Melika. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela senzeka ogxile emngceleni oya ezwekazini.

Ububanzi East Greenland yamanje, kwezinye izindawo ezingaphezu kuka-km 200. Amazinga amanzi isezingeni 0 degrees. Ngezinye Cape Farewell ekusakazeni ixhunywe Irminger yamanje. I ukushayisana ukugudluka efudumele futhi abandayo sisaqhubeka nokuzama kwenzeka. Yingakho kukhona lokhu ukuncibilika okusheshayo ulwandle ice kanye zeqhwa kule ngxenye ndawo.

Okunye imisinga ye-Arctic Ocean

ukugeleza Transarctic inikeza ukunyakaza ice kusuka Alaska eGreenland. Amandla eyinhloko ukugeleza kuyinto ukugeleza imifula. Ngenxa yalokho okunomthelela omkhulu izinguzunga zeqhwa efudumele enjalo phuma esuka ezwekazini wacosha Transarctic ukusakaza futhi kuyiswe iBering Strait. Kukhona ukunyakaza osekelwa inflow ePacific.

Spitsbergen kuyinto igatsha Gulf Stream. Uyaqhubeka oLwandle Norwegian. Nordkapp zamanje ifinyelela izinga lokushisa kwamanzi kuya kwezingu-8 degrees. Sidlule phezu kwamanzi olwandle eduze nogu Kola futhi Peninsula zaseScandinavia. Isivinini salo silinganiselwa 1.4 km / h.

Igatsha Norwegian Atlantic phakathi ukugeleza kubhekwe. Lapho usawoti kugcinwa ngezithuba 35%. lokushisa mass - kusukela degrees +5 ukuze +12.

idatha zezulu

Izici ye-Arctic Ocean naye severe sezulu ukusebenza. Kuyinto ngenxa Esimweni esinjalo abandayo emanzini phezu izigidi zeminyaka egcinwe izinguzunga zeqhwa omkhulu. Isifunda polar ine Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu ukushisa kwelanga.

Ngo iningi ocean kukhona inombolo okungenani kwezulu. Ebusika, endaweni amanzi egxilile ezinyangeni-eside ebusuku polar.

Kule minyaka neshumi nanhlanu iminyaka sezulu olwandle ishintshile ngenjongo yokubi kuzo zonke ukuqashelwa.