Planet Jupiter: izindandatho, iziphuphutheki, ukuthungwa kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi namuhla esintwini afunda ukulindela kwi-space, uzama ukuthola ukuphila ehlukuzweni ezikude izinkanyezi siqu esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga uhlala endaweni kancane aziwayo. Omunye uthi amaplanethi oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke ohlelweni lwethu ubhekwa Jupiter. Izindandatho, iziphuphutheki, Spot - konke lokhu kukuthinta kule planethi omkhulu, for okungekho ucwaningo satellite olulodwa wethulwa.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Jupiter itholakala endaweni yesihlanu ukusuka elangeni ngokushintshanisa emhlabeni ikhanyisa orbit phakathi Mars kanye Saturn. Hhayi ize, kule planethi kubhekwa enkulu ohlelweni lwethu - umthamo yayo ifaniswe ubukhulu 1300 ka "amabhola", njengoba Earth. Ukuganukeja ku-Jupiter kuyizikhathi ezimbili nesigamu ngaphezu kokujwayelekile kithi. Ngakho, umuntu enesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu 100, kuyilapho ukuthuthela Jupiter ukubona inombolo isikali 250. Isisindo efanayo iplanethi enkulu usayizi izikhathi Umhlaba 317. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisindo izikhathi ezimbili nesigamu isisindo ingqikithi wonke amanye amaplanethi yethu zesimiso sonozungezilanga.

Igama iplanethi kwadingeka endulo - wawubizwa ngokuthi behlonipha induna unkulunkulu wamaRoma.

Naphezu yayo Amazing usayizi, Jupiter (iringi ukuthi ayenzi kungafani - banayo namaplanethi amaningi) iyona iplanethi esheshayo sonozungezilanga. A revolution okuphelele emhlabeni axis awo Kuthatha amahora 10. Lokhu isivinini kungenxa emisebeni enamandla kanye namandla kazibuthe planethi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze uqedele ukujikeleza emhlabeni wonke, i-giant kuthatha 12 Umhlaba iminyaka.

Jupiter iminyaka eminingi kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso giant igesi, kodwa hhayi kangako kudala, ososayensi bathole ukuthi akukhona yenziwe yonke ngamafayela we hydrogen ne-helium - iyingxenye umoya kuphela kule planethi. I-Jupiter kakhulu efanayo siqukethe umongo metal ketshezi camera nge ungqimba omkhulu hydrogen metallic. Ihlanganisa wolwandle hydrogen ketshezi. Iqiniso lokuthi e izithombe ubonakala surface elikhulu, empeleni nje phezulu amafu. izindawo Bright - amayezi ammonia, emnyama - of ammonium hydrosulfide.

izindandatho

Ukuba khona izindandatho wathola ngo-1979 ngu-flying eduze iplanethi, "Voyager 1". Okwamanje imakwe yezingxenye ezintathu ezenza le engokwemvelo. Amasongo uJupiter Saturn, kuningi ezifana ngakho, nakuba, futhi zingafani avelele. Ngokwesibonelo, izingqimba ezungeze giant ukuqukatha izinhlayiya zeqhwa. Kukholakala ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu emasongweni ezakhiwe ukushayisana planethi ne iziphuphutheki emkhathini. Ngaphambili kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izindandatho ezintathu kuphela, kodwa okubonwa yamuva uholé esiphethweni mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu omunye, ngaphambili kungaqashelwa, amasongo, eseduze kakhulu ebusweni iplanethi.

iziphuphutheki

Iplanethi Jupiter, amasongo awo washaya ososayensi, ine isici okumangalisayo: lenqwaba iziphuphutheki. Sekukonke, okwamanje ababebalelwa amayunithi 63. Nokho, iningi lazo babe usayizi encane kakhulu - engaphansi kuka-10 amakhilomitha ububanzi. Bona ukuphoqa ososayensi ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi kusekhona akubona bonke iziphuphutheki ziye zatholakala. Kuye kwasikiselwa ukuthi empeleni kungase kube ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Elikhulu banikezwe ingqikithi ezine: Ganymede, Io, Callisto futhi Europa - zitholakale ngu uGalileo Galilei. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke - Ganymede - kuze kufinyelele 5262 km ububanzi - kunangendlela Mercury. I-satellite ngokugcwele embozwe i uqweqwe ice, niguquke giant he bophezela e ezingu-7 zokugcina. Io ingenye izinto oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke - kwi satellite ngokuqhubekayo iqhuma izintabamlilo kukhona lava amachibi. On ke kukhona izintaba-16 km okusezingeni eliphezulu. Io lisondele kakhulu Jupiter kuka inyanga yethu Earth, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi imfihlakalo ososayensi.

indawo

Emuva ngo-1665, i-Jupiter, emasongweni angayazi osatholakele Emangazwe izingqapheli ongaziwa indawo enkulu phezulu. Kwakufana phezu anticyclone enkulukazi - eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule kwaba ubude amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-40 eziyinkulungwane .. Namuhla, le nombolo uye aba nguhhafu. Emthaleni wethu, lokhu isiphepho kubhekwa kufike komkhulu wabo sezulu mkhuba. On ubuso bayo ukuthwala abantu amaplanethi ezintathu ezifana nezethu. ISiphepho uzungeza ngesivinini - 435 km / h, hhayi isiqondiso lapho livela khona zonke ezinye izimo.

ukubukela

Uma kukhona pair ezinhle omabonakude kanye isibonakude esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, i-Jupiter kulula ukuthola. Khalisa ke Yiqiniso, ukuze ubone ngakho akunakwenzeka, kodwa disc ezimhlophe le planethi kanye iziphuphutheki yayo ngisho ukubona ngempela ngempela. Ukugqama iyona into yesithathu esibhakabhakeni - emva Moon futhi Venus. Ngisho bhá inkanyezi Sirius akulutho phambi ubukhazikhazi iplanethi giant.

amandla kazibuthe

Indlela izindandatho eziningi Jupiter, akulona iqiniso ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla ngendlela emangalisayo amandla kazibuthe iplanethi. Lona eliphakeme emthaleni wethu. ensimini Jupiter magnetic kungadluli izikhathi Earth 14. izazi zezinkanyezi ezivelele zikholelwa ukuthi amandla anjalo kufinyelelwa sibonga ukunyakaza njalo hydrogen metallic ingaphakathi kule planethi. Lokhu kwenza i-Jupiter ukuba umthombo emangalisayo onamandla emisebeni uyakwazi, noma ayiqede, imbangela umonakalo ebalulekile kunoma satellite eyathunyelwa Earth. Nokho, akubona kuphela emisebeni uyakwazi kokulimaza noma yini eyingcuba yokufakelwa, kodwa sazungeza Jupiter ungase udale umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni letintfo.

Amandla kazibuthe elihlobene ne-solar wind, obumba Magnetosphere. The main shock wave is isuswe mayelana 70 radii giant. Kuye izimo umoya, igagasi kungenzeka kuze kube radii 100. Magnetopause cishe at ibanga radii 50. Ngaphakathi izinhlayiya ngu kazibuthe uzungeza kanye iplanethi.

cwaningo

Jupiter, amasongo awo Kwatholakala akunjalo kudala, ososayensi sina nesithakazelo. I isathelayithi lokuqala kakhulu, okuyinto wathunyelwa ukuhlola iplanethi, saba 'Pioneer 10 ". iziphuphutheki abayisishiyagalombili abathintekayo ngalesi sikhathi ekutadisheni isiqhwaga. Ngo-2011, owethulwe eMhlabeni, "Juno," okuyinto, ngemva kokufika endaweni ekupheleni 2016 kufanele ukusiza ososayensi ukuchaza ezinye izimfihlo planethi ngobukhulu sonozungezilanga.

Ukutadisha namanye amaplanethi, ochwepheshe banethemba lokuthola ukuphila. Mhlawumbe ndawana-ke. Noma yini kwakuzobonisa ukuthi asisodwa endaweni yonke. Kodwa cishe iplanethi enkulu siqu inkanyezi ohlelweni lwethu ingasifundisa ukumangala. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuphila Jupiter cishe kungenakwenzeka ngenxa ongaphakeme umhwamuko okuqukethwe ku ukwakheka kwe-iplanethi kanye nxazonke. Eminyakeni 70 kuye kwasikiselwa ngemvelaphi kungenzeka zokuphila emkhathini, kodwa isiqinisekiso lokhu amathuba ghostly futhi engakaze ezitholakele. Amathuba ephansi kakhulu bokuba khona amanzi-carbon ukuphila, ngoba amafu aqukethe inani elincane lamanzi.