A. P. Chekhov, "I-Cherry Orchard": Gayev - Izici zeHero

Umdlalo odumile weChekhov "I-Cherry Orchard" kanti namanje awuveli esiteji, nakuba kubhalwe ngo-1903. Waba ngumdwebo wohlobo lwama-genre, olwaluthola ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthengiswa emahholo. Umuntu othile ubona umculi, omunye umdlalo, kodwa uyathandeka kakhulu futhi uyingqayizivele ngendlela yakhe, njengoba ichaza ngokugcwele impilo yabaphathi baseRussia ababhekana nezikhathi zabo ezimbi.

Kunabantu abaningi abalingiswa emdlalweni, lapho umuntu angaqonda khona izisekelo zokuziphatha nezokuziphatha zeklasi eliphezulu ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthi ucabangani ngalokhu nokuthi yini efuna ukulindela izinguquko ezazihamba kuzo. Kusukela ngesihloko esithi "uLeonid Gayev: isici (" Cherry Orchard "), kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo mmele wabantu abahloniphekile waba yi-caricature yakhe yanamuhla. Zonke izici ezimbi zikadadewabo uRanevskaya zimbi nakakhulu kulo. Lezi yizona ezibangela wonke amahlaya ezenzekayo.

Gayev: "I-Cherry Orchard", isici (esifushane)

Ukuze uqonde isimo sengqondo mayelana nefa eliphakeme likaKhekhov ngokwakhe, ake sibuyele ekuhlukaniseni omunye wabalingiswa abakhulu, iGavava. Esikhathini sokudlala esithi "I-Cherry Orchard" ungumfowabo we-heroine omkhulu uRanevskaya, umuntu ongeyena obaluleke ngaphezu kwakhe, kodwa unelungelo elifanayo lokuthola ifa, elifakwe efa lakhe elingenampofu nge-cherry yezithelo ezitshalwe izikweletu. Ungubani yena futhi uhlala kanjani?

Ngendlela yakhe, umdlalo "I-Cherry Orchard" ihlukile futhi iyathandeka. I-Gaev, incazelo yakhe ibonisa ukuthi lo ngumnini oyimpofu ompofu nomuntu obuthakathaka, uhola indlela yokuphila engenalutho nokukhathazeka kanye nodadewabo. Akakwazi ukujwayela umqondo wokuthi insimu yabo yezithelo cherry isendalini ngamacala. UGayev waya enyangeni eyisithupha, kodwa akanakho umfazi noma izingane. Uhlala endaweni yakhe endala, okuyinto ehlaselwa futhi ewela phambi kwamehlo akhe. Nguyena kuphela ongenamuntu ohamba ngezinyawo uFirs, okwamanje okhumbuza inkosi yakhe ngokukhathazeka nokukhathalela.

Izikweletu

Okumangalisa ukuthi wukuthi umculi, hhayi idrama, ukuthi uKhakhov wethule "I-Cherry Orchard". Ukufaniswa kweGayev yilokho okubiza kuphela, ngoba uhlale ebolekisa imali okungenani ngandlela-thile ukubuyisela inzalo ngezikweleti nodadewabo, kanye naye. Ekhanda lakhe uhlale epheqa izinketho zokukhokha izikweleti eziningi ezikhulayo, futhi amaphupho okuthola uhlobo oluthile lwefa noma ukuthi umshana ka-Anya uthatha njengomfazi othile umninikhaya ocebile. Futhi ucabanga ngokuya kumalume waseJaroslavl nokuzama inhlanhla yakhe nokucela imali.

Incazelo kanye nezici ze-Gayev

Ngokungafani nodadewabo uRanevskaya, umuntu angafunda ngeGayev kuphela kumanothi amancane, lapho umlingiswa wakhe eveza khona umlingiswa wakhe, futhi abalingiswa abenzayo abakhulumi kakhulu ngaye. Mayelana nesidlule sakhe, cishe akukho lutho olutshelwe. Noma kunjalo, kusobala ukuthi uGayev ungumuntu ofundisiwe futhi angasebenzisa kahle ngamazwi, kodwa ikakhulukazi ayinalutho futhi akanalutho. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko seqhawe. Ijaji lika-Gaev elimnandi liyakuthanda kakhulu, njengodadewabo uRanevskaya, wayenamathela kuyo yonke inhliziyo yakhe, ngoba yimizi egcwalisa umphefumulo ngemikhumbuzo efudumele yezikhathi ezinhle ezidlule.

Ukuphila ngaphandle kokukhathazeka

Yonke impilo yakhe uGavi yayihlala kule ndawo engakhathazeki njengenundu futhi yayiyisivakashi esivamile kumaqembu omadoda, lapho ayekudlala ukudlala amabiliyade. Zonke izindaba zezwe kanye nenhlebo, wangenisa endlini esuka lapho. Futhi uma nje ethola isipho sokuba yisisebenzi ebhange elinemali eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha ngonyaka. Khona-ke ukusabela okungamukeleki kwezihlobo kuyamangalisa, lo dade uyamkhathaza, futhi uLopakhin ucabanga ukuthi akanamaphutha futhi onobuhle. Kule ndaba, umshana wakhe kuphela, u-Anya omuhle, wamsekela, owathi ukholelwa kumalume wakhe. Kungani engathembeki kwabanye, futhi ngisho ne-lackey Yasha ibonisa ukuthi uyamhlonipha?

I-Cherry Orchard

Ngokumangazayo, lapho kubeka khona isithelo sensimu ye-cherry, uGayev, ogama lakhe lokubala alikafiki ngendlela engcono kakhulu, liziphatha ngokungazi lutho. Lapho lo mthengisi uLakakhin, umthengisi wezikhathi zanamuhla, emnika yena nodadewabo uRanevskaya indlela yokuphelelwa yisikhathi: ukuhlukanisa iziqephu nokuziqashisa ukuba zenzeke, kanti uGaye akafuni neze ukulalela iseluleko sakhe esengqondo, kodwa uyaqhubeka nokuphila ngokubandlulula kwakhe. UGaev uzibheka njengesihlalo sobukhosi kanye nomkhuba wokubheka phansi labo bhizinisi abavela kubantu abavamile egazini lakhe, futhi akukho okumele kwenziwe ngakho.

Lapho uGavi ebuya endalini lapho kuthengiswa khona impahla, wayedluliselwa ngokoqobo ngalesi senzakalo, futhi wakhala izinyembezi emehlweni akhe. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho ezwa umsindo wezinyosi uhlaselwa ebhola, khona-ke konke ukudabuka ngesandla sakhe kwasuswa. Futhi konke ngoba leli qhawe alikwazi ukuzwa imizwa ejulile.

Isiphetho

Futhi manje siza emcimbini wokugcina nalokho okudabukisayo kule midlalo "I-Cherry Orchard". I-Gayev (uhlamvu lomlingiswa ngokombono we-Chekhov) lunikeze izinga lokugcina lokuziphendukela kwabahlonishwayo. Wavala uchungechunge lwezithombe zezinhlonipho azenzile kulo lonke impilo yakhe yokubhala. Lezi zithombe zabahloniphekile abanezemfundo ezinhle kakhulu azikwazanga ukuvikela izintshisekelo zabo kanye nemigomo yabo, laba yiziqhawe zesikhathi sabo ababenobuthakathaka bokuvumela ukuthi Lopakhin athathe indawo ephezulu.

Ekuhlaziyweni kwesihloko esithi "Cherry Orchard". I-Gayev: isici "kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemuva kokuletha umfanekiso weGayev emotweni, uCkhokhov wabonisa ukuthi lezi zicukuthwane zazingcolisa kangakanani. Kulesi senzakalo, umlobi kwakudingeka alalele ukugxekwa okuningi kwamakhosikazi, amsolwa ngokungazi umjikelezo wabo. Kodwa uChekhov akazange akwenze, wayefuna ngempela ukudala umculi, kodwa i-farce, eqinisweni, yenza kahle kakhulu.

Ukuze siqonde ngokugcwele incazelo yalokhu msebenzi, kufanele siqaphele ukuthi emdlalweni othi "I-Cherry Orchard" isici esivelele siwuphawu lukaChekhov, lapho iqhawe eliyinhloko nelingaphakathi akulona uhlamvu lomuntu, kodwa isithombe sesithelo sesithelo sensimu njengesibonakaliso sokuphila okuhle. Ekupheleni komdlalo, insimu yezithelo zemithi yezithelo iyanqunywa, ngakho-ke izidleke ezihloniphekile zahlakazeka, eRussia endala, lapho uRanevsky noGayev baphila khona, baba yisikhathi esiphelile.

I-Chekhov ibonakala ibone konke kusengaphambili, izenzakalo ezalandela kanye nokukhathazeka izwe lakhe kuzodingeka libekezelele maduzane, kodwa yikuthi, ke, wayengenaso isikhathi sokubona. "I-Cherry Orchard" yaba omunye wemisebenzi yokugcina ye-classic enkulu i-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.