Nadezhda Teffi biography nobuciko. Brief biography of Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya

Izethulo zezincwadi zaseRussia zivame ukwakhiwa kumuntu ngenkathi kufundiswa isikole. Akunakutsho ukuthi lolu lwazi luyiphutha ngokuphelele. Kodwa baveza indaba ngaphandle kokugcwele. Amagama amaningi kanye nezimo eziphawulekayo ahlala ngaphandle kwesikole esikoleni. Isibonelo, umfundi ojwayelekile oye wadlulisela ukuhlolwa okuhle kakhulu kwezincwadi ngendlela ephawulekayo uphawu ngokuvamile akaqondi ukuthi ngubani uTeffi Nadezhda Alexandrovna. Kodwa ngokuvamile lezi okuthiwa amagama emgqeni wesibili kufanele siziqaphele ngokukhethekile.

Ukubukeka kusuka kolunye uhlangothi

Kule talenta yonke futhi ekhanyayo kaNadezhda Alexandrovna Teffi enesithakazelo esikhulu bonke labo abangenandaba nesikhathi esibucayi emlandweni waseRashiya, lapho ahlala khona futhi adala. Ngokuqinisekile lo mlobi ungabhekiswa ezinkanyezini zombhalo wezinga eliphezulu, kodwa isithombe senkathi ngaphandle kwayo ngeke siphele. Futhi ngokuyinhloko ngathi ukubuka isiko laseRussia kanye nomlando kusuka kulabo abazithola bevela ngaphesheya kokuhlukunyezwa komlando. Futhi ngaphandle kweRussia, ngokwezwi lokufanekisa, kwakuyizwekazi lonke elingokomoya lomphakathi waseRashiya kanye nesiko laseRussia. U-Nadezhda Teffi, owaziwa ngegama lakhe lahlukaniswa ngama-halves amabili, usisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono labo bantu baseRussia abangamabomu ngamabomu abazamukeli lo mpuquko futhi babe ngabaphikisi abaphikisanayo. Babenesizathu esihle salokhu.

Nadezhda Teffi: biography ngemuva kwesikhathi

Umbhalo wokuqala wezincwadi kaNadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya wenziwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 ngesikhashana esifundweni sezincwadi ezincwadini eziyinhloko. Ngokuyinhloko, lawa mavesi angenasisekelo kanye namavesi abhekene nezihloko eziphathelene nokukhathazeka emphakathini. Ngibonga, uNadezhda Teffi washeshe wathola ukuthandwa futhi wadumala kuzo zombili izihloko zoMbuso WaseRussia. Udumo lwezincwadi, olutholakala eminyakeni emincane, lwalumangalisa ngokumangalisayo. Akukho okungahle kuphazamise isithakazelo somphakathi emsebenzini weTeffi. I-biography yakhe ihlanganisa izimpi, izinguquko kanye neminyaka eminingi yokufuduka. Igunya lomlobi wesibongo nomlobi lahlala lingenasikhathi.

Isiteketiso sokudala

Umbuzo wokuthi Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lokhvitskaya waba Nadezhda Teffi kufaneleka ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ukwamukelwa kwalesi sigameko kwakungenxa yakhe, ngoba ngaphansi kwegama langempela kwakunzima ukushicilela. Udadewabo omdala weThemba, uMirra Lokhvitskaya, waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala, ekuqaleni igama lakhe selivele lidumile. U-Nadezhda Teffi ngokwakhe, owaziwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, izikhathi eziningana empilweni yakhe eRussia ukhuluma ngokuthi wakhetha igama lomngane wesiwula obizwa ngokuthi "Staffy" njengengoma eyimfihlo. Enye incwadi kwakudingeka inqunywe ukuze umuntu angabi nesizathu esingenangqondo sokuziqhenya.

Amavesi nezindaba ezihlekisayo

Into yokuqala efika engqondweni uma ujwayele ifa lokudala lembongi, le nkulumo evelele u-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov - "Brevity - udade we talenta." Imisebenzi yokuqala kaTeffi ihambelana naye ngokugcwele. Ivesi nama-satires omlobi ongunaphakade we-magazine ethandwayo "Satyricon" ayehlale engalindelekile, ekhanyayo futhi enethalente. Izilaleli zazihlale zilinde ukuqhubeka, futhi umlobi akazange adumise abantu. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola omunye umbhali onjalo abafundi nabamdumisi bakhe ababengabantu abahlukene njengoMbusi ka-Emperor Nikolai owesibili kanye nomholi wezombusazwe emhlabeni uVladimir Ilyich Lenin. Kungenzeka ukuthi uNadezhda Teffi wayeyohlala ekhunjweni yenzalo njengombhali wokufunda okuhlekisayo, uma kungenjalo ngesimo sezulu sezenzakalo ezishintsha izwe.

Revolution

Ukuqala kwalezi zenzakalo, ezishintshe iRussia ngaphezu kokuqaphela iminyaka embalwa, zingabonakala ezindabeni nasematheksthini omlobi. Inhloso yokushiya izwe ayivukanga ngomzuzwana owodwa. Ekupheleni kuka-1918, uTeffi, kanye nomlobi u-Arkady Averchenko, wenza ngisho nohambo oluzungeza izwe, elivutha emlilweni wempi yombango. Phakathi nohambo, ukuhlelwa kuhlelwe phambi komphakathi. Kodwa izinga lemicimbi evulekayo lacaciswa ngokucacile. Uhambo lwadonswa cishe cishe ngonyaka nonyaka, futhi zonke izinsuku kwaba sobala ukuthi kwakungekho ukubuyela emuva. Izwe laseRussia ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho lahlehla ngokushesha. Ngaphambili kwakuseLwandle Olumnyama kuphela nendlela eya eConstantinople eya eParis. Wenza kanye nezinyathelo zokubuyisa ze- White Army, uNadezhda Teffi. I-biography yakhe yaya phesheya.

Ukufuduka

Ukuhlala kude nezwe lakubo kwakungekho okwanele ukuba noma ubani abe lula futhi angenayo inkinga. Noma kunjalo, impilo yamasiko nokubhala emhlabeni jikelele wokufuduka kweRashiya kwakuyisihluthulelo. Izikhathi nezincwadi zanyatheliswa eParis naseBerlin ngesiRashiya. Abalobi abaningi abagcwele amandla bakwazi ukuphendukela kuphela ekuthumeni. Izimpikiswano zenhlalo nezombusazwe ezihlangenwe nakho ziye zaba yisisusa esiqakatheke kakhulu sokudala, futhi ukuhlukaniswa ngokuphoqeleka ezweni langokwezizwe sekuyisihloko esiqhubekayo semisebenzi yezifiki. Ubuciko bukaNadezhda Teffi akuyona into ehlukile lapha. Imikhumbuzo yeRussia elahlekile kanye nemifanekiso yokubhala yezibalo zokufuduka kweRussia iminyaka eminingi iba yizihloko eziyinhloko zezincwadi zakhe nezihloko ezincwadini.

Ukufuna ukwaziwa kuthiwa yiqiniso lokuthi izindaba zikaNadezhda Teffi ngo-1920 zanyatheliswa eRussia Soviet ngesenzo sikaLenin ngokwakhe. Kula manothi, akhulume kabi ngezimiso zabanye abafuduki. Kodwa-ke, amaBolshevik ayephoqeleka ukuba akhohlwe inkondlo ethandwayo ngemuva kokuba ajwayele umbono wakhe ngabo.

Izithombe zokubhala

Amanothi azinikezele emibhalweni ehlukahlukene yezopolitiki zaseRussia, isiko kanye nezincwadi, bobabili abahlala ezweni lakubo futhi betholakele ngesihe kwezimo zomlando ngaphesheya kwemingcele yawo, yiyona eyinhloko yokudala kukaNadezhda Teffi. Izinkumbulo zalolu hlobo zihlale ziheha. Izikhumbuzo ngabantu abadumile zivele ziphumelele empumelelweni. Futhi uNadezhda Teffi, owaziwa yi-biography emfushane uhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu - ukuphila eMlandland nasekuthunjweni, wayezijwayele kakhulu izibalo eziningi ezivelele. Futhi wayenento engakusho ngayo ngabo ezizukulwaneni nasezinsukwini ezithile. Imifanekiso yalezi zibalo yilezo kanye nokuthakazelisa - isimo somuntu siqu somlobi wamanothi kumuntu obonisiwe.

Amakhasi e-proemo Tefi angasinika ithuba lokuzijwayeza lezi zibalo zomlando njengeGrigory Rasputin, uVladimir Lenin, u-Alexander Kerensky. Ngabalobi abavelele nabaculi - Ivan Bunin, Alexander Kuprin, Ilya Repin, Leonid Andreev, uDmitry Merezhkovsky, uZinaida Gippius noVsevolod Meyerhold.

Buyela eRussia

Ukuphila kweThemba iTeffi ekuthunjweni kwakukude nokuchuma. Naphezu kokuthi izindaba zakhe kanye nezindinganiso zakhe zanyatheliswa kalula, izindleko zemibhalo zazingenakulinganiswa futhi zanikezwa ukuba khona endaweni ethile eceleni kwesilinganiso sokuphila okungenani. Phakathi nesikhundla se-fascist saseFrance, ukuphila kwabafuduki baseRussia kwaba nzima nakakhulu. Ngaphambi kwezibalo eziningi ezidumile umbuzo wokuzikhethela kokuziphatha waphuma . U-Nadezhda Alexandrovna Teffi wayeyingxenye yalabo baseRussia abantu basezweni elingaphesheya abaye balahleka ngokubambisana ukubambisana nezinhlaka zokusebenzisana. Futhi ukukhetha okunjalo kwamgxeka umuntu ukuba ahlupheke.

I-biography kaNadezhda Teffi yaqedwa ngo-1952. Wangcwatshwa edolobheni laseParis emathuneni adumile eRussia aseSaint-Genevieve-des-Bois. E-Russia, wayehloselwe ukubuyela kuphela emisebenzini yakhe yokubhala. Baqala ukushicilelwa ngobuningi emshinini we-Soviet periodical press ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ekhulwini lama-20, ngesikhathi se-perestroika. Izincwadi zeThe Hope Teffi nazo zivele ngeziqephu ezihlukene. Babemukela kahle umphakathi wokufunda.