Dmitry Merezhkovsky: Biography. Tinkondlo, Quotes

Merezhkovskiy Dmitriy Sergeevich wazalwa ngo-1866 eSt. Uyise wakhonza njengephayona esemthethweni ezincane esigodlweni. Dmitry Merezhkovsky nge iminyaka engu-13 aqala ukubhala izinkondlo. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, njengoba wesikole, wahambela noyise F. M. Dostoevskogo. Umlobi zathola izinkondlo ababuthakathaka, luthela umbhali wathi ukuze ukubhala kahle, udinga ukuba zihlupheke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Merezhkovsky Dmitry Sergeyevich wahlangana Nadson. Ekuqaleni, wayehlanganyela uyamlingisa e izinkondlo zakhe, futhi ngalo waqale wangena simondzawo etemibhalo.

Ukubukeka iqoqo lokuqala izinkondlo

Ngo-1888, wanyathelisa iqoqo lokuqala Merezhkovsky, ngokuthi nje - "Izinkondlo". Imbongi lapha kuyinto Nadson umfundi. Nokho, njengoba kwaphawula u-Vyacheslav Bryusov, Dmitry Merezhkovsky ngokushesha bakwazi ukuthatha i ithoni ezimele, uqala ukukhuluma mayelana namandla, ngokungafani nezinye izimbongi, azi- umfundi Nadson, ngubani "whined" ku ubuthaka babo futhi timelessness.

Ezemfundo emayunivesithi, lwaya ezinhle nefilosofi

Dmitry kusukela 1884 wafunda Petersburg amanyuvesi eMoscow, Umlando kolimi. Ngalesi sikhathi Merezhkovsky balithanda ifilosofi ezinhle, futhi wenza engumngane nala abasebenzi, "Northern Herald", njengoba G. Uspensky, Korolenko, V. Garshin, ngakho baqala ukulibiza ukuqonda izinkinga isikhundla populist ebhekene nomphakathi. Nokho, Passion salokhu, kwaba yinto yesikhashana. Ajwayelane izinkondlo Vladimir Soloviev kanye Symbolists European kakhulu washintsha isimo imbongi. Dmitry enqaba "izinto ezibonakalayo okwedlulele" futhi siqhubeka umfanekiso.

Umshado kuya Chiliza Gippius

Dmitry Merezhkovsky, njengoba kuphawulwe bangesikhathi, wayeyindoda agodliwe kakhulu, madolonzima ake singene ezweni kwabo abanye abantu. abalulekile Ikakhulukazi kwaba 1889 ngenxa yalo. Labe Merezhkovsky washada. nengoduso yakhe - a poetess UZinaida Gippius. Imbongi wahlala naye iminyaka engu-52 futhi awubashiyanga ngisho ngosuku. Lokhu Inyunyana zokudala futhi ezingokomoya zomkakhe echazwe encwadini sidle enesihloko esithi "Dmitry Merezhkovsky". UZinaida kwaba "generator" imibono, futhi Dmitry silungiselela futhi ithuthukiswe naso emsebenzini wakhe.

Ukuhambela ezinye izindawo, translation nokutadisha kufanekisa

Esikhathini 1880s ngasekupheleni futhi 1890s. Babehamba okuningi emazweni ahlukahlukene eYurophu. Dmitry elihunyushwe ezisusela olimini lwesiLatin nhlekelele lwesiGreki sakuqala, futhi wabuye wabakhumbuza umhlaziyi, eshicilelwe ezincwadini ezinjengethi "Umsebenzi" "Buyekeza Russian", "Northern Herald".

Merezhkovsky e 1892, wanikeza inkulumo awunika cwaningo lokuqala kufanekisa. Imbongi umangalele ukuthi Impressionism, ulimi izimpawu "okuqukethwe ezingaqondakali" ongalinikeza "ukuzwa wobuciko" kwezincwadi Russian. Ukuqoqwa "Izimpawu" yavela ngaphambi nje inkulumo. Wanikeza igama Umkhuba omusha izinkondlo.

"Tinkondlo okusha"

"Tinkondlo okusha" - Incwadi yesithathu waphuma ngo-1896. ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke Merezhkovsky selishintshile 1899. isiqalo sakhe ukuba sibe nesithakazelo ubuKristu, nezindaba ezihlobene lobukatolika. Esihlokweni esithi "Merezhkovsky" G. Adamovich uyakhumbula ukuthi lapho ingxoxo Dmitry ukuthi animated, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho beshintsha bekhuluma ngesihloko esifanayo - ukubaluleka kanye nencazelo Gospel.

Imihlangano yenkolo-zefilosofi

Dmitriya Merezhkovskogo unkosikazi ekwindla ka 1901 ezihlongozwayo umbono yokudala umphakathi ekhethekile zabantu zefilosofi futhi inkolo ukuxoxa amasiko kanye isonto. Kwakukhona umhlangano wenkolo nefilosofi, abadumile kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Isihloko esikhulu kwaba ukugomela zabo ukuthi kuphela nsuku zenkolo Kungafezani ukuvuselelwa Russia. Kuze mihlangano kwenzeke kuze 1903, ngemva kokuthola imvume KP Pobedonostsev, UMbusi Wesifundazwe esiGungwini. Bathatha ingxenye kuzo nabefundisi. Nanyana lokhu begade kuyinto hhayi wamukela ubuKristu "Okwesithathu Elidala", isifiso esikhathini esibucayi yentuthuko yezwe wethu ukwakha yenkolo entsha kwaba ababephila ngesikhathi ecacile naseduze.

Sebenza on the temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba zomlando

Dmitry Merezhkovsky, ogama biography sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo, wasebenza kakhulu temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba zomlando. He qamba, isibonelo, trilogy 'kukaKristu futhi Umphik'ukristu ", umqondo eziyisisekelo okuyinto zivela ngalesikhathi umzabalazo phakathi izimiso ezimbili - ongumKristu futhi abangamaqaba, futhi obiza ubuKristu omusha lapho' izulu lasemhlabeni" futhi "umhlaba isezulwini."

Ngo-1896, kwaba khona umsebenzi "Ukufa Lokuqala Nonkulunkulu." - noveli yokuqala trilogy. Ingxenye yesibili yakhishwa ngo 1901 ( "Onkulunkulu Wavuswa. ULeonardo da Vinci"). inoveli Final ngokuthi "umphikukristu. UPetru No-Alex," wazalwa ngo 1905.

"Iqoqo izinkondlo"

iqoqo Okwesine "Collection izinkondlo", sakhishwa ngo-1909. izinkondlo okusha ayekuwo ayembalwa, ngakho le ncwadi kwakuminyene iqoqo. Nokho, ezikhethwe ethize imisebenzi eyenziwe Merezhkovsky, wanika ukuqoqwa yesimanje kanye igugu. Lalihlanganisa isebenza kuphela ukuthi ukuhlangabezana ukubukwa ekushintsheni lembhali. Bathola incazelo inkondlo entsha ubudala.

Merezhkovsky phakathi izimbongi owayephila ngesikhathi evele ubeke eceleni. Yena wayevelele naleyo eyashiwo emsebenzini wakhe isimo jikelele, kuyilapho u-Alexander Blok, Andrei Bely, K. Balmont, ngisho ngokuthinta "evutha" umphakathi, wakhuluma ngaye ikakhulukazi, ngesimo sakhe kibo. Futhi Dmitry ngisho ku nokuvuma obuseduze kakhulu uzwakalise jikelele imizwa, amathemba ukuhlupheka.

imisebenzi emisha

Merezhkovskys ngoMashi 1906 kuhanjiswe ku Paris, bahlala khona kuze kube maphakathi no-1908. Ngokubambisana D. Filosofov no-Z Gippius Merezhkovsky ngo-1907 wanyathelisa incwadi ethi "Le Tsar et la Revolution". Wabuye wasungula ukusungulwa trilogy, "Umbuso Beast" okusekelwe umlando eRussia 18th ngasekupheleni - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka 19. Dmitry ngemva kokuba ingxenye yokuqala trilogy (ngo-1908) Ushushiswe. Ngo-1913 kwaba khona ingxenye yesibili yalo ( "u-Alexander I"). I last inoveli - "Disemba 14" - eshicilelwe ngo-1918, Dmitry Merezhkovsky.

"Russia Sick" - incwadi ukuthi uvele 1910. It yakhiwa izihloko zomlando nezenkolo yashicilelwa ngo-1908 futhi ngo-1909. ephephandabeni "Inkulumo".

Bhuka Wolff ngokubambisana ekhishwe esikhathini kusuka 1911 kuya 1913. -Ivolumu 17 iqoqo lemisebenzi yakhe, lokuthi Sytin ngo-1914 wakhipha omningi ezine. Kuzilimi eziningi Merezhkovski temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba kuhunyushwe, kwaba ethandwa kakhulu e-Europe. ERussia, Dmitry Sergeyevich imisebenzi abangu ngaphansi ukucwaninga esiqinile - umbhali eyakhuluma ngokumelene esemthethweni Church autocracy.

ubudlelwano Bolshevism

Merezhkovskys ngo-1917 ayesahlala Russia. Imbongi yezwe ngosuku olwandulela inguquko livele ngomfanekiso "ukuza likaHamu." Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, ngemva kokuphila iminyaka emibili in Soviet Russia, lapho kwaqinisekiswa ngokombono wakhe ukuthi Bolshevism - isifo zokuziphatha, okuyinto wobujamo obumbi of Culture European. Merezhkovskys wayenethemba lokuthi lokhu umbuso ligumbuqelwa, kodwa ngemva kokufunda mayelana ukunqotshwa Denikin eningizimu Kolchak eSiberia, watimisela kuya Petrograd.

Dmitry ekupheleni 1919 iwine ilungelo lokufunda ezinkulumo zakhe e izingxenye iRed Army. Ngo-January 1920, yena nomkakhe wathuthela ensimini, okuyinto kwakuhlezi Poland. Poet ozongitshela e Minsk ebezizama ukuthuthela kwamanye amazwe Russian. Merezhkovskys ngo-February kuhanjiswe ku Warsaw. Lapha basuke imatasa emisebenzini yezombangazwe. Lapho Poland dweba thula vumelwane neRussia, nomkakhe ayeqiniseka ukuthi "ibhizinisi Russian" kuleli zwe ukuba phetho they waya eParis. Merezhkovskys bazinza ifulethi okuqondene nabo kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi wamavukelambuso. Lapha ayemisa oxhumana ubudala futhi osungulwe nabo abasha nge emigres Russian.

Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe, isisekelo "Green Lamp"

Dmitry Merezhkovsky wayethambekele cabanga ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe sohlobo oluthile messianism. Wayethi akakholelwa a "umshayeli" okungokomoya ababe phesheya nezazi. Merezhkovskys ihlelwe yenkolo-zefilosofi etemibhalo ngo-1927 "ukukhanya Green". umengameli wayo kwaba uMnu Ivanov. "Ukukhanya Green" uye waba nendima ephawulekayo empilweni kwezobuhlakani igagasi lokuqala ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe, futhi wahlanganisa abameleli engcono intelligence angaphandle Russian. Lapho Impi YeZwe II iqala, inkampani imise esifanelekayo somhlangano (ukuqondisa ngo-1939).

Merezhkovskys ngo-1927 wasungula "okusha Deal" - umagazini, yathatha kuphela ngonyaka. Futhi nengxenye ingqungquthela yokuqala abalobi-abasuka Russia, owawuse-Septhemba 1928 e Belgrade (esehlela uhulumeni zaseYugoslavia). Merezhkovsky ngo-1931 wayephakathi contender for uMklomelo KaNobel, kodwa kwaba Ivan Bunin.

Ukusekela Hitler

Merezhkovskys abathandanga kwabezindaba waseRussia. Inzondo kubangelwe besekela Hitler, okwakungathi kubo umbuso eyamukelekayo aminingi ukudlula Stalin umbuso. Merezhkovsky e Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930 waba nesithakazelo wobushiqela, ngisho wahlangana omunye umholi walo - uMussolini. Wabona Hitler njengomholi umsindisi wobukhomanisi isiRashiya, ezibhekwa "isifo zokuziphatha". Ngemva eJalimane behlasela i-USSR, Dmitry wenza umsakazo German. Uthe "Bolshevism futhi Isintu", lapho kuqhathaniswa Hitler nge Joan of Arc. Merezhkovsky ukuthi umholi ungagcina esintwini kusukela lamaKhomanisi okubi. Ukulandela lesi sethulo, bonke baye babaleka abashade nabo.

ukufa Merezhkovski

izinsuku ezingu-10 ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi Paris amaJalimane ngo-June 1940, UZinaida Gippius futhi Dmitry Merezhkovsky kuhanjiswe ku Biarritz e eningizimu yeFrance. Disemba 9, 1941 Dmitry washona ngo-Paris.

Lezinkondlo Merezhkovsky

Saxoxa kafushane ngalokho izinkondlo amaqoqo wadala Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Nokho, lezi zincwadi ezingu zinkulu eminye imininingwane abayeke. Uhlobo ngalunye kwezingu-4 amaqoqo izinkondlo isici kakhulu.

"Tinkondlo" (1888) - ibhuku lapho ngisho ukhonza ngiqeqeshwe Nadson Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Izingcaphuno zayo, azinake zihlanganisa lezi ezilandelayo:

"Lingadeleli isixuku! Abanonya futhi uthukuthele

Wokuhlekwa usulu ukuba ukucwaswa okwemihlelo yazo kanye nezidingo. "

Lena umugqa komunye izinkondlo isici kakhulu kule ncwadi. Noma kunjalo, zisuka amadaka Dmitry wakwazi ukuthatha i ithoni ezimele. Njengoba sesiphawulile, wakhuluma ngamandla nenjabulo. izinkondlo zakhe Nokho kukhona abaqhoshayo, bokukhuluma, futhi libhekene nabangane Nadson wayemesaba kakhulu kwaba mpendulo, noma wasebenzisa it in sama ethé ukuhluka kancane, ngezinye izikhathi ngokweqile. Merezhkovsky ivuliwe ukuze mpendulo ukuze sonority, nokukhanya kwakhe likhiphe buthule, inkungu kungekho nto enemibala emihle, okuyinto wathandela ukuphila umphakathi Russian kule 1880s.

"Uphawu" - encwadini yesibili izinkondlo, abhalwe 1892. Kuyinto eyisimanga ngoba yizinhlobonhlobo. Lapha le nhlekelele lasendulo futhi Pushkin, Baudelaire futhi Edgar Allan Poe, Frantsisk Assizsky neRoma lasendulo, umuzi wezinkondlo angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa kwansuku zonke. Zonke elaligcwele zonke izincwadi, zonke izingqondo kuzothatha iminyaka 10-15, wayekade okuhleliwe kuleli qoqo. "Izimpawu" - incwadi premonitions. Dmitry wabona kusengaphambili okunye ukuhlasela inkathi ukhombise impilo kabanzi. Wanikeza ukubukeka titanic umcimbi kwenzeka ababemzungezile ( "Woza, abaprofethi entsha!").

"Tinkondlo okusha" - eqoqo lesithathu izinkondlo, ebhalwe ngo-1896. Yena iyincane kakhulu ububanzi izenzakalo zokuphila kwalowo odlule, kodwa libukhali kakhulu. Lapha ngabandayo "uphawu" sekuyiyona nto eyinhloko abakhathazeka njalo futhi lyricism okukhulu izinkondlo lidlule umnqopho. Merezhkovsky azi- a "uphawu" inceku "bashiya onkulunkulu." Kodwa ngesikhathi "Tinkondlo okusha" yena sazilahla lab 'onkulunkulu, wakhuluma ayebambisene futhi ngaye: "isibindi sethu yokukhuluma ...."

"Iqoqo izinkondlo" - wokugcina, eqoqweni lesine (1909). Zimbalwa izinkondlo entsha, ngakho incwadi, njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, kunalokho iqoqo. Merezhkovsky ke ebuKristwini. Wavuma ziyaqothuka kakhulu blade ngokuthi "isibindi" futhi olungenayo unkulunkulu altare "isiko emhlabeni". Nokho, ubuKristu, wayefuna ukuthola induduzo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi isikhali. Zonke izinkondlo ngale ncwadi igcwele isifiso ukholo.