Umlobi u-Alexander Vampilov: Biography (isithombe). Isilinganiselwa izincwadi

A wemidlalo abakhaliphile edabukisayo iziqu umzila womhlaba, u-Alexander Vampilov alishicilelwanga phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. imisebenzi komlobi zishicilelwe futhi beqashelwa kwakhe kuphela. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe iDemo Vampilov ezikhishwe emdlalweni ipeni, esikhulu futhi aqukethe isenzo esisodwa, futhi iDemo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba isebenza. Izihloko wakhuliswa Aleksandrom Valentinovichem, liphefumulelwe yaseshashalazini kanye ifilimu abaqondisi bayibeke esiteji. Opera ezikhishwe ngisho nangemva kokuba play, ogama kumbhali Wayengubani u-Alexander Vampilov. Izibuyekezo yomlobi waqaphela ngokusebenzisa eziningi ezikhumbuzo, iminyuziyamu behlonipha yakhe.

ebuntwaneni

wemidlalo kuzalwa edolobheni elincane esifundeni sase-Irkutsk, idolobha Kutulik. Umndeni, owakhula izingane ezine, kwaba ezivamile. Ubaba - umqondisi wesikole wasekhaya, unina, uthisha wezibalo, wasebenza khona uthishanhloko umsizi. Ukuze umndeni lokho kwashintsha lapho uyise waboshwa ngemva kokuba Olahlwe ngo-1937. Indlela vodilos ngesikhathi, omunye "enobuhle 'kanjani abafundisi wabhala ekhanda lakhe ukujivaza, kokumsola ukubukwa emelene ngempela namaSoviet. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, uqala ukuphila layo Alexander Vampilov. Izithombe abekwe ngezansi.

Ngakho, ngumama wasala nezingane ezine. Izihlobo ayibuyi oluvela kowesifazane owayenenkinga esezame wakhe ukuba singavumeli izingane yindlala. Waqala kanjalo-ke uhambo wokuphila Vampilov Aleksandr Valentinovich, ogama biography is ukubizwa i "isitha abantu".

Ngo umbhali esizayo wawaziwa ngokuthi i ingane abavamile esikoleni, into ekhethekile. Talent baqala ukuvela ngemva kwesikhathi eside kakhulu. Cishe, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esinda kakhulu babe ebuntwaneni. Vampilov Aleksandr Valentinovich, ogama umndeni kwaphazanyiswa ngezinye izikhathi ngesinkwa nangamanzi, futhi ayikwazanga cabanga art.

intsha

umsebenzi Literary iqala lapho Vampilov ifika Irkutsk University e-Faculty of Umlando futhi kolimi. Kancane kancane u-Alexander Vampilov iqala ukuzama ngokwakho ekulotshweni tindzaba letimfisha. Eyokuqala wabo yashicilelwa umfundi. Ngemva kwesikhashana, lapho kwatholakala kobuholi iphephandaba "intsha namaSoviet" - kukhona insizwa iqala ukusebenza ngo-1961.

Indlela kakhulu abanamakhono umbhali, ukuphathwa iphephandaba Vampilov ethunyelwe eMoscow ngoba izifundo zokuqeqesha izincwadi. Lokhu kwasiza Aleksandru Valentinovichu ukuya phezulu isitebhisi umsebenzi: yena manje iyona sikanobhala omkhulu. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka eminingana Vampilov kokuyeka ozinikela ngokuphelele lokubhala.

Ngeshwa, ezama unamathisele okungenani umsebenzi othile esigabeni kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. kudlala Ngemva kwesikhathi eside ka-Alexander V. futhi unesithakazelo BDT Petersburg (ke Leningrad), nakwamanye amatiyetha ezinkulu.

Umsebenzi, nasekuphileni kwemikhaya kancane kancane zaqala ukuba ngcono. Futhi kungazelelwe ... a eshone kabuhlungu.

ukufa kabuhlungu

Nje kwezinsuku ezimbalwa akazange aphile iminyaka engu-35 ka-Aleksandru Vampilov. Biography emfushane yaphela iwubuphukuphuku wakhe kuyesabeka. Ukunquma uphumule echibini, futhi umngane waya echibini nge isikebhe.

Kwenzeka isimanga ukuthi lo mkhumbi, sabanjwa izihlahla anqwabeleka ngaphansi kwamanzi, ibheke phansi. umbhali ngamunye Gleb Pakulov, wafonela abangani ophulwa. Vampilov wanquma ukuya ogwini emanzini abanda njengeqhwa abanga izinkinga. Futhi ngokushesha nje lapho wagibela waya ogwini - inhliziyo kuhlulekile.

Buried abangane umbhali, ukujwayelana abangabazi ngokuphelele. Nge okungcwatshwa ngayo exhunywe ngempela izindaba ezimbili kwemvelo. Abazibonele Uxhumanise le yokuthi wayengafuni ukushiya ekuseni ngakho Aleksandr Vampilov. Umlando wakhe is hhayi kuqeda kuze kube sekupheleni. Abagqugquzeli komngcwabo, ukhohlwe ukuletha intambo ngawo kubalulekile ukuba wehlise lomngcwabo ngcwaba. Esikhathini befuna okwenzekayo abangane kwakudingeka ngithole, bese ulinda umnakekeli emathuneni. Esafuna - lomngcwabo nendikimba umbhali wayemi sisonqenqemeni ethuneni. Lena akuyona kwendaba. Uma konke umzimba lo mlobi zaqala ukuvumela phansi - kwathi emgodini sincane kakhulu. Ngaphinde kwadingeka balinde kwaze kwaba wakhe bambe kwesokudla.

Kuyindida nokuthi ngokushesha ngemva kokufa iqala isithakazelo okusheshayo abaqondisi kanye nabashicileli ngefa, okungase ushiye Vampilov Aleksandr Valentinovich.

ngendlela yokudala

Bhala Vampilov iqala lokuba umfundi unyaka wokuqala temlandvo kolimi. Eyokuqala eseyi ephrintiwe izincwadi eyunivesithi yendawo. Iqoqo kuphela tindzaba letimfisha eshicilelwe esikhathini sakhe, itholakala nje kulesi sikhathi. Lokhu tindzaba letimfisha yamahlaya, eyabhalwa mbumbulu A. Sanin.

Lapho efika evela eMoscow (lapho u-Alexander V. anda neziqu yomlobi), wasebenza isikhathi esithile okuthunyelwe ehlonishwayo sikanobhala omkhulu we "intsha namaSoviet", wabhala iDemo kudlala ezimbili yamahlaya: "A ruble eziyikhulu zemali entsha", "The Raven Grove".

Vampilov kancane kancane kuza ukuqaphela ukuthi kumelwe abhekane kuphela lokusungula. Ngakho-ke, uthi goodbye kuya umsebenzi ephephandabeni bese iqala umsebenzi asebenzayo etemibhalo. Ngokushesha kukhona play "Farewell ngoJuni", lapho umbhali inikeza nesitatimende yaseshashalazini eMoscow. Ngeshwa, lemizamo ungazange yimpumelelo.

Isiza Vampilov icala lapho ngengozi ihlangabezana yocingo wemidlalo eyaziwa ke Arbuzov, ngubani uyavuma bathathe ukufunda play by Alexander "Farewell ngoJuni". Vampilov uthola Izibuyekezo omuhle wemidlalo odumile, kodwa eMoscow umkhiqizo esiteji bese futhi abawubonanga.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka engu 1969-1971, kukhona nemidlalo edume kunazo zonke. Ezithathwe ukubeka yeshashalazi yesifundazwe, kodwa eMoscow naseLeningrad Vavilov ivaliwe. Ngokudabukisayo, isithakazelo umsebenzi wemidlalo waqala ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe ngo-1972. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kungani amatiyetha inhlokodolobha sika Nginakile kuso, kodwa izingcezu zithathwa ukubeka BDT, le Stanislavsky Theatre. Ngisho Lenfilm Vavilov iphetha inkontileka zokubhala lifilimu yasekuqaleni. Ngeshwa, angizange ngisibone Alexander Vampilov imikhiqizo okhazimulayo kudlala yakhe eMoscow: ukuphila kwakhe yelashwa ngezinyembezi.

"Farewell ngoJuni": isifinyezo

Nakuba yabhalwa ngo-1965, i-comedy "Farewell ngoJuni" kuyisici sobuntu izincwadi isikhathi. Vampilov libonisa protagonist, umfundi isimo sengqondo lapho sekube yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo abalulekile kungekukho okuhle.

Ekuqaleni Kolesov libonisa othisha umphefumulo lenkampani, it is baziswa futhi ofunda nabo. He is eyisisekelo, kodwa kuyahluka kwezinye uhlobo ome njengeqanda, njengazo zonke abafundi.

Konke iyashintsha lapho iqhawe awe indodakazi Rector sika Tatiana.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, inhloko khono ngokumelene lokhu sihlukane, wasonga ngokuxosha kusukela University Kolesov. Umfundi udumazeke kakhulu ngoba othanda intombazane ngempela, kodwa uyaqonda ukuthi idiploma abakwazi ulahlekelwe, ngoba ngaphambi ukukhululwa ahlale kuyindaba yokukhathalelwa izinyanga. Ngemva ukulangazelela kangakanani Kolesov evuma ukuthi usebenze bese eyibuka uTanya.

Ukuhlaziya "ukuhlukana ngoJuni"

Vampilov benza umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho ethile uhlamvu negative, ubapha kuye ithuba ukushintsha futhi itjengisa umfundi, ngoba amasondo abayi ku, ephenduka, ukuvutha imizwelo Tore idiploma yakhe futhi uzama ukubuyisela intombazane. Umlobi ophela njengoba iveza umuntfu lofundzako loko lokushiwo esizayo, lisinika ithemba ukuthi alungiswe.

Asinakusho ukuthi lokhu play nakanjani ubuhlobo uthando, futhi nginomuzwa wokuthi kudlalwa ngami. Plane lungaphezu ephakeme: into nonembeza wakhe, izimiso. Futhi ngubani iwina ke, Vampilov ugodle. Yileso wesandla eziyingqayizivele Alexander Viktorovich.

"Izibulo": isifinyezo

Sebenza on the "izibulo" Vampilov uyisikhathi eside. Okokuqala, kukhona okusalungiswa, amanothi ezincwadini ke ishicilelwe ezinye izahluko. Le nguqulo wokugcina wakhululwa ngo-1970, enyatheliswa yi-ukushicilela indlu "Art".

Bulgakov ukuthi ukukhohlisa kuziwa umndeni - lowo silondoloza kuso sonke isiphambeko. Ngakho, Nina, indodakazi Sarafanova lembula okushiwo umkhwenyana, ngobala Kudimov. Vasya akucabangayo, ngakho bangayi ehlathini. Gagarin futhi kusindisa Sarafanova Sr, simenze e ubuso bakhe indodana eyodwa ngaphezulu. Muhle sengathi umoya oqabulayo kule umndeni. Kuyinto esingokomfanekiso ekupheleni namaqhawe uhlale ekhaya ngaphandle Silva, umngane Busygina, futhi ngaphandle Kudimov ayisisekelo. Bona, ngokuvumelana Vampilov - amaphuzu amabili eyeqisayo akunandawo empilweni yami.

Sidlala indandatho Ukwakheka: ekupheleni Bulgakov futhi siphuthelwa kusihlwa yakhe isitimela.

Ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo, "izibulo"

Kunengqondo icebo elula: knavery Busygina enethemba yokuthamela. Kodwa igcwele imibuzo ejulile ebhekiswa umfundi Alexander Vampilov. Imisebenzi yakhe, futhi lawa nezincazelo ezahlukene, okuyinto zivulwa umfundi indlela ingxenye engabonakali yeqhwa. Esikhathini play, imele inkinga okuphakade soyise nezingane. Ngokudabukisayo amazwi indodana yakhe Sarafanova Vassenka ukuthi abadala akudingeki abazali izingane. indlela zefilosofi kakhulu nendaba Vampilov kanye injongo yokuphila. Ngubani Sarafanov? UJona, ngubani waxoshwa emsebenzini, bashiya nomkakhe nezingane zabo ngokushesha. Nokho, wayesho abazange badikibale futhi ukholelwa ukuthi umuntu omuhle Uyoletha phetho ngempela okuthile okuhle. Futhi ilungile.

"Duck Hunt": Isifinyezo nokuhlaziya

Ngokudabukisayo ithuthukisa izimpilo zabantu "yokujama tsi" inkathi. elingenalo Ngokuphelele elisekela zokuziphatha kwesisekelo yamaSoviet, baya nge ukugeleza, wabhubhisa ezimpilweni zabo siqu. Njalo is protagonist "Duck Hunt" ukudlala ZILOV. Itholakala esibucayi ngokomoya ezijulile.

Play iqala neqiniso ukuthi ezinye umnyango wakhe ethola Wreath zomngcwabo amazwi usizi ayethule. Kuyinto ongokomfanekiso kakhulu, ngoba engqondweni ZILOV efile isikhathi eside. Kamuva e-play Vampilov lokhu kuwubufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda.

Hero kuboniswe ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge fun, gulyanok, abathandi kanye namanga.

Galina unkosikazi waqonda kubo hhayi ningi than ifenisha, lutho akabe ukubeka Nokholo, indlovukazi yakhe. Ngisho ubaba, ecela umhlangano, lihlehliselwe Zilov endaweni yesibili (nokunye umuntu omdala efa, hhayi ababone nendodana yakhe). Hero uncamela ukuphupha ngani duck ukuzingela, okuyinto akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuhlangabezana ngolunye usuku. Lesi sithombe eliqhakaze ngempela emdlalweni, ke zonke lezi zilo sifanekisela ukwehluleka umlingiswa oyinhloko.

Kuyamangalisa ukuthi ngokunembile ungenisa Vampilov izinhlamvu zesifazane: a eqashisayo, obucayi Galina unkosikazi Zilov, ngokomzwelo, Vera ngezinye izikhathi liluhlaza, Valeria futhi abasha ahlukile umfundi Irina emthanda ngempela protagonist.

Njengenjwayelo, umbuzo ukuvuselelwa protagonist umbhali eshiya evulekile, enethemba ngasese ukuthi luyokwenzeka.

"Ehlobo Kugcine Chulimsk": isifinyezo

Umdlalo isitshela indaba isikhungo kwiSifundazwe. Umdlali oyinhloko, uValentina, uthandana lo mseshi Shamanov, ngubani hhayi kanye, kodwa yena reciprocates. Futhi Ngithande intombazane, uPawulu, ezazize abazali bakhe eholidini. Le nsizwa is spoilt kakhulu, isetshenziselwa ukuthola konke ufisa. Valentine njengoba unkosikazi wayedinga kuphela njengoba kwalokho elihle efulethini edolobheni, ngoba lokho kwakuyomane ukusebenzisa umnotho ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Musa athonye intombazane ukushada muhle, kusebenza zodlame wakhe. Sithi sithukwa, iyamlahla isiphakamiso Shamanov izandla futhi ekhothamisa kuya isinqumo sokushada Pasha, njengoba afuna lo baba. Ekugcineni, Nokho, + akabonisi kokubili amadoda.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-"ehlobo Kugcine Chulimsk"

Vampilov ubeka sokudlala umbuzo obalulekile kakhulu: impilo zabantu abasha kulesi sifundazwe, izakhamuzi imikhuba. Ngempela, ngangokunokwenzeka ukugcina intsha uma indlu eseduze isiko kudingeka uhambe amakhilomitha ambalwa, futhi yaseshashalazini show uye eside nombono wokuthi zonke amateyipu. Yingakho intsha ngokulambisa noma iba isidakwa inveterate.

Ingabe ingadi ongokomfanekiso kakhulu esibahlomisela Valentine: bonke ngaphandle Shamanov ukusebenzisa ngqo kuso, futhi ephule, futhi le ntombazane walalela uyalulama. Vampilov afuna ukukusho lokhu ukuthi abantu bathanda abanakushintsha: eyodwa futhi Ngizodiliza, kuyilapho abanye alulame. Kunenye subtext: babethukwa, nodumo wanyathelwa usuku lwezithandani. Kuyinto ongokomfanekiso kakhulu ukuthi engadini kusiza ukubuyisela shaman. Mhlawumbe, phela, uyena Kuyothi umuntu ekugcineni ugcine intombazane? Njengakwezinye izindawo udlala Vampilov - lokhu ebangela Ukuqagela kuphela.

eyodwa-isenzo play

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke iDemo udlala Vampilov "Indaba le umenzi" futhi "Twenty Amaminithi ne ingelosi." Yalotshwa ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe wobuciko. izingcezu Ngemva kwesikhathi eside kuhlanganiswe zibe munye ukushicilelwa "anecdote wesifundazwe."

Kuyinto ngempela igama efaneleka kakhulu, ngoba, Ngokuqhubeka isiko Pushkin, Vampilov ubhala tindzaba letimfisha ngezenzakalo engavamile ukuthi kwenzekeni ngempela. Nokho, umlobi kuletha into entsha nenani etemibhalo ngaleli gama: ekhanya, siphetfo engavamile.

Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane e igama elithi "yesifundazwe". Ngakho Vampilov yabakhanga umfundi inkinga ikude ukuphila edolobheni nemizana, lapho kukhona indlela ekhethekile wokuphila, izimo zengqondo kanye ukuphila.

Le midlalo eyodwa-isenzo - uhlobo zithuthukisa imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu kumbhali ukuthi ukubeka imibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu kuyifilosofi zokuziphatha: "Duck Hunt" futhi "Last ehlobo Chulimsk".

temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba

Abacwaningi lokusungula Vampilov kusho izakhamuzi ngazwi linye bathi uma ukuphila kwakhe yelashwa ekuseni njalo, u-Alexander V. ngempela kwakuyoba eshicilelwe inoveli, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Ekuqaleni lokhu kuyabonakala.

Ngokuyinhloko temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba ebhaliwe njengendlela umlobi abasha - umfundi wasenyuvesi futhi isisebenzi iphephandaba. Khona-ke ukusuka usiba lwayo ngaphandle zonke izinhlobo imidwebo, amanothi, satires. Nokho, imikhiqizo ezimbili kakade esikhathini elivuthiwe lokusungula Vampilov: 1965 Skit "Okuthile udumo" ebhaliwe, futhi ngo-1966 - "Vitimsky isiqephu." Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo Alksandr V ubhala Tindzaba mayelana Kutulik.

Zonke temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Vampilov sihlanganise izindaba zabo, izinkinga, okumelwe zithuthukiswe kuleso imisebenzi emangazayo. Izithombe Shamanov, uJakobe lapha abonakalisa khona Black uValentina Pasha, izenzakalo "Duck Hunt" futhi "Farewell ngoJuni".

Temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba exigencies ezahlukene ukubhinqa-okuhloswe izici izinhlamvu. It ingafaniswa imisebenzi Zoshchenko futhi Olesha.

Hhayi nje beqashelwa okuvela emphakathini futhi abafundi baka-Alexander Vampilov. Ukukala izincwadi futhi ukusebenza yanda kancane kancane. Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi zonke lokudlalwayo yakhe enkulu zagcina ukusihlela kusengaphambili amathiyetha ehola, futhi abaningi nawo lwenziwa ifilimu, ezindlini ngezindlu sikhuluma ngothando nabantu bangempela nezikhonzi ophuthumayo imisebenzi.