Yini elikufundisayo ngempela kithi Peter Pan?

Eminyakeni ethile edlule, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo URosalind Ridley evakashele umngani Bakhubeka "Imibiko Peter Pan 'uJames Metyu Barri. FUNDA ezamehlela fabulous uPetru, URosalind Ridley waqaphela ukuthi kulezindaba eyiqiniso nje izindaba zezingane mayelana Fairies izilwane ukukhuluma hhayi ngaphansi isembozo The Adventures of Peter Pena Barri ukufihla ulwazi olujulile engavamile Komuntu, ubuchopho kanye nentuthuko yayo ebuntwaneni.

Lena indaba wendlela sonke sifunde ukucabanga. Ngakho, lokho kusitshela indaba mayelana adventures umfana ongazange afune zikhule?

cwaningo

URosalind Ridley yanyathelisa entsha elithakazelisayo esekelwe eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini kokuma mayelana Barry Komuntu, ukucabanga, izinkumbulo, amaphupho, sinamathemba namaphupho.

Ridley uveza ukuthi iningi ukuzidela kaPetru kubhekisela kanjani imibono yesayensi ukuthi uvele emashumini kuphela ngemuva kokushicilelwa izindaba.

indaba

Barry yaqale kuchazwe ngu-Peter Pan lapho ayesengumuntu ingane, yingakho izindaba mayelana adventures Peter libonise lenqwaba amathonya zangaphandle, ngoba kwathatha iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba indaba yazibonakalisa wathatha ijamo.

Uhlamvu lokuqala uvele 1902 enovelini Barry "Tommy futhi Grisel", kamuva encwadini yezingane "inyoni White" yavela umfana okuthiwa uPeter, akazange ngempela ufuna zikhule. Umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho Peter Pan waba play "Peter Pan", setha esiteji ngo-1904. Ngokusekelwe play by Barry wabhala indaba ngokuthi "UPetru No Wendy", esanyatheliswa ngo-1911.

umthelela

Phakathi nale nkathi, uBarry yayisivele neyaziwayo kahle umbhali, ujikeleze emibuthanweni ezihlakaniphile nomphakathi. Lokhu kuxhumana avunyelwe Barry kutsi sisondzele ezinye izibalo phambili izincwadi, yobuciko nesayensi.

Umbhali Genri Dzheyms, owayephila ngesikhathi Barry, wamethula umfowabo uWilliam James - sokusebenza kwengqondo American, is zihlukaniswa wawusondela ezintsha. Lokhu amaziyo, cishe wakhonza phansi ovundile ukutshala imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi mayelana ukwazi luvo lwembhali ubuthongo.

Isayensi izincwadi zezingane

Ngakho, ukuzidela Peter Pan uyaqhubeka isiko izincwadi ezithakazelisayo XIX-XX eminyaka - uhlobo inhlanganisela isayensi ubuciko, ikakhulukazi izincwadi zezingane.

Charlz Kingsli, nombhali "Izingane Yamanzi", wabhala indaba yakhe ngaphansi kwethonya imfundiso kaDarwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kuyilapho "ethi Alice in Wonderland" isifundo emangalisayo wezibalo kanye logic. Ngisho ezinye Hans Christian Andersen babephefumulelwe ezintsha zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe, ezifana isibonelo ngesibonakhulu icebo.

Ridley uveza ukuthi uBarry akugcini nje "utsheleke" imibono yabanye, kodwa futhi kwelulwe kakhulu ukunikela zabo, bakuqonde kahle yayo. Okuningi yesithombe eziyingqayizivele Komuntu amelwe izindaba mayelana Peter Pan, kusekelwe observation uyiqili Barry abantu, izilwane kanye yena.

Ukulala Kanye Nenkumbulo

Umuntu kumelwe amane abheke kwelinye izigcawu kuqala ukuzidela uPetru Wendy, "Nkosikazi Darling lokuqala ngizwa uPetru lapho wafaka ukuze izingqondo izingane zabo. Leli siko ebusuku zonke umama omuhle. Ngokushesha ngemva izingane ukuzumeka, kwenza izinto ukuze ezingqondweni zabo ukubuyisa ukuthi ekuseni konke kwakuyize endaweni yayo. Ingane evuka ekuseni, futhi imicabango yakhe yonke okubi futhi enza imigilingwane enjengeye ngobunono igcwele futhi kufihlwe endaweni ethile ejulile, ngenkathi, imicabango efanele enhle, ironed futhi waqonda, amanga emehlweni plain. "

URosalind Ridley uveza ukuthi le ndima kahle ubonisa ubuhlobo wobuthongo obukhulu, futhi inkumbulo esebenzayo.

Okokuqala Yavela ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka, lo mbono manje isihloko izifundo eziningi zesayensi. ubuchopho scan ngesikhathi sokulala ukukhombisa ukuhamba "igagasi kancane" ka yezinzwa phakathi hippocampus - isifunda abathintekayo kumemori ekwakhekeni, kanye cortex entsha noma neocortex, okuyinto unomthwalo inkumbulo yesikhathi eside.

Uma silele, ubuchopho bethu icubungula izinkumbulo, sengathi beluka yinto entsha yazuza emini, ne amadala. Singasho ukuthi iphupho ukudala ukulandelana isithombe izenzakalo ezakha umuntfu lakhetsa kuphila ngato.

Njengoba uNkk Darling uhlanza phansi esifubeni enza imigilingwane enjengeye kobuntwana, le nqubo uthulisa emizweni kabi nakho zanqwabelana phakathi kosuku olumatasa. Kusisiza nokucindezeleka. Akumangalisi ukuthi unenkinga Ochwepheshe ngokuvamile uhlanganiswa lokugula ngengqondo.

Gipnagogiya

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhambo fabulous sikaPetru Vendi Barri luchazwe isimo Lesisemkhatsini phakathi zokulala kanye angavaleki.

Iningi ukuzidela protagonists yenzeka Neverland - esiqhingini kumnandi lapho kungenzeka izingane efinyelela kuphela esebenzisa umcabango, futhi kuyinto elula ukuphatha esikhathini esifushane phakathi ingalali nokuvuka.

Labo izithombe engavamile kusukela equlekile ukuthi singabantwana onqenqemeni ubuthongo, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukusangana hypnagogic", futhi zibangelwa ukwanda elibukhali umsebenzi e kwezingxenye zobuchopho obangela ngeso idatha etholakele izitho sezinzwa. Ngokuvamile, lezi zithombe ezibukwayo, kodwa kungaba ethintekayo futhi sokuzwa.

Barry ngokwakhe uye wahlupheka ukukhubazeka ukuwozela - isimo ucabangana, uyeza masinyane ngemuva kokulala, lapho, Nokho, abantu abakwazi ukuthutha isikhashana. Barry ngokuvamile kuchazwa ezingemnandi, khona ezicindezelayo ingakwazi mass shapeless.

Inxanxathela ukucabanga izinqubo

Ezweni yesayensi, uBarry ababephila ngesikhathi babehilelekile omunye kwenkathi eyinselele kakhulu futhi okuthakazelisayo mpikiswano: yini umehluko phakathi kwengqondo yomuntu engqondweni isilwane? Kuyini nobuntu ukucabanga kwethu usifungise phezu kwemvelo, futhi kanjani kulezi zici zenzelwe?

Akumangalisi ukuthi lezi zinkinga bukaJehova kubonakala ukuzidela Peter Pan.

Barry ezama ukuba siphendule le mibuzo zingatholakala enovelini ka-1906, "Peter Pan e Kensington Gardens", elichaza ukuphila kaPetru, nangaphambi kokuba ahlangane UWendy.

Lapho, sifunda ukuthi umlingisi YesiHlabelelo SeziHlabelelo - i amagwababa uhlakaniphile ngokungavamile. Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane, uSolomoni akwazi uhlelela ikusasa, zagotavlivaya isikhwama ukondliwa - amantongomane, imvuthu kanye soma lwesinkwa, uhlobo "ilanga lina". Lena inqubo sasivumela kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengqondo, ngoba edinga ukulethwa kwamapulani zimo abstract, asuswe samanje.

Umehluko phakathi kukaSolomoni nezinye izinyoni kubonakala kahle okwamanje lapho uPetru uyambuza ukusiza ukwakha umkhumbi ukuthi owayekwazi ukusishayela ngaphesheya kwechibi. USolomoni uyalibona ngokushesha ukuthi umkhumbi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela slot, ezigcotshwe zobumba, ukuze singenalo angena emanzini. Okunye izinyoni bayadideka: abakwazi ucabange ukusetshenziswa okunjalo engavamile esidlekeni.

Abantu nezilwane

Ngakho, siyabona ukuthi ikhono zicabange ngekusasa elinothisa ukuziphatha kwethu, ngaleyo ndlela sikwazi ukuba creative futhi nezimo ukujwayela ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha.

Kulo msebenzi okwesikhathi eside kuchasiselwe kuphela abantu bakholwa ukuthi ngisho nezingane uma lingekho. Nokho, ucwaningo lwamuva olwenziwa kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi la makhono kubalwe kwezinye izilwane - wezinkawu futhi, Isimanga siwukuthi, amalungu uhlobo lwe Corvus, okungukuthi, Amagwababa.

Nakulokhu futhi, imibono bakaBarry babe ngaphambi kwesikhathi babo.

engqondweni yengane

Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi umfana owenqaba zikhula, uPetru ngentshiseko belwa amakhono namandla zobuchopho ukuhlukanisa omdala.

Kuyinto cishe ngokuphelele singesabi futhi beqiniseka yokuthi ukufa - kungenye adventure. Imizwelo akhe awenzayo, silula, kodwa ukwesaba, ikakhulukazi ukwesaba ngekusasa engaziwa - kuyinto umzwelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, esidinga ukuba nezindleko ezinkulu zamandla nokubandakanyeka ezifundeni ezahlukene ingqondo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPetru kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yomunye umbono wehlukile siqu sakhe futhi kube kubi. Zonke lezi emakhono netinchubo ukucabanga ezihlobene nazo, kunabantu ku inqubo yokukhula, futhi ngoba uPetru uyala zikhule, yena waba bancishwa abanye "omdala" amakhono.