Uyini yaseshashalazini Japanese? Izinhlobo yaseshashalazini Japanese. Noh. Kyogen yaseshashalazini. Kabuki yaseshashalazini

Japan - ezweni ongaqondakali futhi yokuqala, ukwazi isimo kanye namasiko awo baseYurophu zinzima kakhulu. Ngokwezinga elikhulu ngokwezinga lokhu ngenxa yokuthi kuze kube maphakathi ekhulwini XVII, izwe yavalwa emhlabeni. Futhi manje, ukuzizwa umoya Japan, ukwazi essence yayo, kubalulekile ukuba siphendukele art. Lubonakaliswa njengoba kuphi isiko nasesimweni sengqondo sabantu. Omunye omdala futhi eze kakhulu phansi kithi azizange zishintshe Ubuciko kuyinto yaseshashalazini Japanese.

Umlando yaseshashalazini Japanese

Japanese yaseshashalazini izimpande emuva ezikhathini zasendulo. Mayelana eyodwa nengxenye abantu eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule eJapane, China, Korea neNdiya langena ukudansa nomculo, futhi bavela ezwekazini wafika Buddhism - lesi yisikhathi ekuqaleni lokuzalwa yobuciko ezigcawugcawu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi likhona ngokuqhubeka kanye nokulondolozwa amasiko. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ethiyetha Japanese iqukethe ngisho ingxenye idrama yasendulo. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela wokukhula okuthe lizwe ngenxa uthi yamaGreki ye-Asia Minor, kanye no-India neChina.

uhlobo waseshashalazini ngamunye wawudinga elafika okusekujuleni eminyaka, aye wasigcina imithetho yayo yasekuqaleni futhi ubuntu. Ngakho, i-play bemidlalo ye ngokungafanele esikhathini esidlule nanamuhla ezibekwe phezu izimiso ezifanayo ukuthi emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule. Isikweletu esingu salokhu kungokwalabo abadlali ngokwabo, okuyinto ukugcina bese udlulise emasikweni abafundi bakhe (ngokuvamile izingane zabo) lasendulo ukwakha lwamakhosi esebenza.

Ukuzalwa ethiyetha

Ukuzalwa Theater Japan elihlobene ne ukuvela ku ukulingisa VII ekhulwini Gigaku, okusho - "yaseshashalazini", futhi Bugakov umdanso - ". Ubuciko umdanso" nesimo esihlukile lezi izinhlobo. Gigaku ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini leshumi, aphethwe amathiyetha esiteji, kodwa akakwazanga ancintisane izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi of ukulingisa futhi wathatha isikhundla yibo. Kodwa Bugakov ababulawa namuhla. Ekuqaleni, le miqondo baye bahlanganyela emikhosini yasethempelini nasesinagogeni ebaleni emcimbini, bese ukwenza ngamunye, futhi ngasinda ukuvelela iye yatha- nakakhulu ngemva kokubuyiselwa amandla, lolu hlobo yaseshashalazini Japanese.

Ngokwesiko lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo yaseshashalazini Japanese: kodwa nogaku noma senzelwe izicukuthwane; Kabuki yaseshashalazini abantu abavamile, futhi Bunraku - ngonodoli.

Traditional yaseshashalazini Japanese namuhla

Esikhathini entsha eJapane hit art aseYurophu, futhi kungakho yaseshashalazini yesimanje. Saqala ukuba avele ukumelwa omkhulu kwaseNtshonalanga kokuthanda opera, i-ballet. Kodwa bendabuko yaseshashalazini Japanese uye wakwazi ukuvikela isikhundla salo futhi ngeke ulahlekelwe ukuthandwa. Ungacabangi ukuthi rarity ezingaphelelwa isikhathi. Nabalingisi izethameli - bangempela. Kancane kancane kokushintsha izithakazelo zabo, ukunambitha, kunemibono. Wavele kwacaca nje kwema- okwenzeka namuhla osungulwe futhi yaseshashalazini abasafufusa ifomu eminyaka. Ngakho, isikhathi encishisiwe yokuzithoba, yena kuhambisane nesivinini sokufunda komfundi action washesha, ngoba namuhla ezilalelini akudingeki isikhathi esiningi lokucabanga, njengoba kwakunjalo Ephakathi. Life abizele imithetho yayo siqu, kanye yaseshashalazini sesijwayele ngaphansi kwabo.

Theatre Izicukuthwane kodwa

Wazalelwa nkundla kodwa ngekhulu XIV kanye kwaduma kakhulu phakathi ebukhosini futhi Samurai. Ekuqaleni, kwakufanele kuphela ephezulu of Japan.

Ukuthuthukisa amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi isibe isiko kazwelonke, befaka incazelo ejulile zefilosofi nezingokomoya. Indawo kube lula, Igxila imaskhi, okuyinto ugcizelela ukubaluleka kanye -kimono. Kimono kanye buso kuthiwa ngobulili esikoleni ngasinye ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

Ukusebenza kanje. Shite (umlingisi losemcoka) ngaphansi umsindo ngokubethwa kwemitshingo nezinye izinsimbi, izigubhu ngoma isitshela indaba ukuphila okunokuthula izimpi, ukuphumelela kanye ukunqotshwa, nababulali nezindela, ogama namaqhawe ayimimoya futhi abafayo, onkulunkulu namademoni. Ngokuqinisekile Ukulandisa kokuba ulimi zakudala. Kodwa - uhlobo ongaqondakali kunayo yaseshashalazini bendabuko Japanese. Isizathu kuyinto kunencazelo ejulile zefilosofi hhayi kuphela buso ngokwabo, kodwa futhi yonke imininingwane zokubukwa, anencazelo imfihlo, ngokuqondisisa etholakalayo izilaleli eyinkimbinkimbi kuphela.

ukusebenza Theatrical sithatha amahora amathathu nesigamu kuya kweziyisihlanu futhi kuhlanganisa kudlala eziningana, okuyinto alternated nge emidansweni emincanyana kusukela ukuphila kwabantu abavamile.

kodwa buso

Kodwa - Japanese yaseshashalazini buso. Buso kungukuthi kuboshelwe indima ethile, bajwayele ukuba adlulisele imizwelo. Ngokuhlanganyela izenzo ufanekisela nabalingisi umculo kwenza umoya esiyingqayizivele yamabhayisikobho imaski we Tokugawa inkathi. Nakuba, Uma unganakile, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi imaski kodwa ukukhonza ukudlulisa imizwa. Imizwa yokudabuka nenjabulo, intukuthelo nokuthobeka zidalwe ngenxa play yokukhanya, owesincane kwemithambeka ikhanda umdlali, izwi choir iculo nomculo.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, izikole ezihlukahlukene ukusebenzisa izethulo efanayo kimono ezahlukene kanye buso. Kukhona buso ezisetshenziswa ezinye izindima. Namuhla, kunamabandla kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili buso ukuthi ezisekhona kuze kube izinsuku zethu futhi lakwenza zomsayiphuresi Japanese.

isethulo kodwa

Theatre kodwa alien okwangempela futhi lakha okwengeziwe umcabango izilaleli. Esiteji, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ngaphandle indawo, abadlali ukwenza izenzo ubuncane. Uhlamvu kwenza kuphela ambalwa izinyathelo, kodwa amazwi akhe, kunyakata kwemtimba kanye ihambisana choral kuvela ukuthi uzile ibanga elide. izinhlamvu ezimbili zimi ndawonye, singase singakuboni nomunye baze ubuso nobuso.

Into esemqoka ethiyetha kodwa - ukuthintwa. Ukushukuma ukuhlanganisa kokubili ukubala nalawo aba inani elithile, kanye nalezo ezisetshenziswa ngenxa ubuhle futhi ningathwali injongo. Ngemvelo ikakhulukazi ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini okuhambisa ukuthula kanye nokuntuleka ukunyakaza. isibukeli unsophisticated kunzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda ngomzuzwana enjalo eyenzekayo enkundleni.

kyogen Theatre

Japanese kyogen yaseshashalazini uvele cishe kanyekanye yemidlalo kodwa, nokho okuningi zikuthola is zihlukaniswa kuncike waso nesitayela. Kodwa - Drama, nakho futhi izinkanuko. Kyogen - farce amahlaya, egcwele amahlaya elula, kuyize ezingcolile futhi ezingenalutho. Kyogen kulula ukukuqonda konke okushiwo play futhi izenzo nabalingisi akudingeki wokufunda. Ngokwesiko kyogen ukusebenza Interlude zekhava waseshashalazini kodwa.

I repertoire kuhlanganisa yaseshashalazini kyogen udlala xv-XVI eminyaka. Kumayelana namakhulu amabili namashumi ayisithupha imisebenzi abalobi ngubani lingama engaziwa. Kuze kube sekupheleni XVI izingcezu bangekhulu lokuqala babenikwa lidlule ngomlomo, kusukela uthisha ukuba umfundi futhi ungazange ilotshwe ephepheni. Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu XVII kwaqala ukuvela kwabezindaba ebhaliwe.

Ngo kyogen kukhona ngezigaba okucacile kudlala:

• wonkulunkulu;
• ka izinduna;
• abesifazane;
• imimoya emibi, kanye nokunye. n.

Kukhona izidalwa lapho izinkinga ezincane umndeni ezigqanyisiwe. Badlala phezu impermanence zamadoda nabesifazane ngenkohliso. Iningi kudlala inceku azinikele okuthiwa Taro.

Kyogen izinhlamvu abantu nje abajwayelekile abakuphila kwabo lutho kwenzeka eziphawuleka ngokukhethekile. Ekuqaleni play izethameli yiyo yonke izinhlamvu. Theatre abadlali zihlukaniswe amaqembu: main - shite, yesibili - Ado, ephakeme - Coady, ukubaluleka lesine - chure nelesihlanu by value - Tomo. Izikole ngobukhulu baziphethe Kyogen Izumi futhi Okura. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kodwa zihlobene kyogen abadlali ngalezi amatiyetha uzilungiselele ngokwehlukile.

Uhlobo Japanese kyogen nkundla inikeza izinhlobo ezintathu zokubhukuda:

• Mr;
• bayizinceku;
• abesifazane.

Zonke izingubo Senziwe fashion ekuqaleni XVI kanye XVII leminyaka. Ngezinye izikhathi buso ingasetshenziswa ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu. Kodwa lokho akufakazeli ukuthi imaski, besho nokuthi imizwa - lena imaski belinganisa indima uhlamvu: isalukazi, ixhegu, owesifazane, idemoni, unkulunkulu, nezilwane nezinambuzane.

Ngemva kokuphela kwempi yezwe yesibili kwaholela esikhundleni the kyogen yaseshashalazini, kanye nemidlalo waqala kwenziwe ngokuzimela, hhayi kuphela e-nkundla kodwa izethulo.

Kabuki - Theatre ethempelini umdansi

Kabuki isethulo ekuqaleni yakhelwe wonke umuntu. Kabuki yaseshashalazini uvele ekuqaleni kwesikhathi Tokugawa futhi lihlotshaniswa igama umdansi yethempeli indodakazi wensimbi Izumo kungekho Okuni.

Girl ekhulwini XVII, bathuthela Kyoto, lapho eqala ukwenza umdanso isiko phezu lomfula futhi inhliziyo yenhloko-dolobha. Kancane kancane waqala ukungena repertoire of bedansa romantic futhi ukubhalelana imiyalezo evusa inkanuko futhi abaculi wajoyina isethulo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthandwa ukusebenza wakhe liye lenyuka. Perch ngokushesha bakwazile ukuhlanganisa izinkulumo nangemidanso, ballads, izinkondlo zibe yisikhungo esisodwa, udala Japanese Kabuki yaseshashalazini. Ngokwezwi nezwi, igama yaseshashalazini ngokuvamile lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ubuciko ukucula nokudansa." Kuleli qophelo, amantombazane kuphela nengxenye ukubukwa.

Ukuthandwa ethiyetha wakhula, ngokuvamile abahlala senior inhlokodolobha waqala ukuthandana nalo abadansi elihle qembu. Uhulumeni ka eziyimbangela yalokhu akakuthandanga, ikakhulukazi ngenxa uthando actress waqala ukuhlela izimpi. Lokhu, kanye nemidanso ngokweqile engagwegwesi futhi lihlaba izigcawu uholé yokuthi lo mthetho ngokushesha wakhipha ukuvinjelwa iqhaza labesimame ukubukwa. Ngakho, Onna Kabuki yaseshashalazini zesifazane abasekho. Futhi esiteji kwaba owesilisa yaseshashalazini Japanese - Kabuki nabakwaVaca. Lo mthetho usebenza kubo bonke ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu.

Esikhathini Maphakathi nekhulu XIX, umyalo olusemthethweni waqedwa. Nokho, isiko ukusebenza zonke izindima umfanekiso amadoda uselokhu kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngakho, iyingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli yaseshashalazini Japanese - besilisa yaseshashalazini Japanese.

Kabuki namuhla

Kuze kube manje, amaJapane Kabuki yaseshashalazini ithandwa kakhulu kwezobuciko bendabuko okukhulu. Abalingisi Theatre eyaziwa ezweni futhi ngokuvamile ababemenyelwe TV ne-movie sokudubula. izindima zabesifazane troupes eziningi zabuye eyenziwa abesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, base amaqembu nkundla-konke female.

Ingqikithi yalo ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu ka Kabuki

Kabuki emelela amagugu kwesikhathi Tokugawa, bakha isisekelo izindaba. Lokhu, isibonelo, umthetho wobulungisa, okuyinto owawusekelwe umbono Buddhist lomholo wahlupheka womuntu futhi ngokuqinisekile isijeziso villain. Futhi, umbono Buddhist we transience nini yasemhlabeni umndeni highborn noma abaholi ezinamandla bahluleke. At inhliziyo ingxabano ngokuvamile can amanga Ukungqubuzana izimiso of ubuConfucian njengoba yemfanelo, emsebenzini, ukuzinikela, kanye nezifiso siqu.

Izimonyo nokulungiswa kwezinwele zokubhukuda ngangokunokwenzeka umdlalo izindima eyenziwa umlingisi. Ngokuvamile, zokulingisa ukufanisa imfashini inkathi Tokugawa, nenhle kakhulu futhi eliqoshiwe. Buso e ukusebenza ungayisebenzisi ukuba esikhundleni nzima-makeup, okubonisa okuqukethwe indima. Futhi uma sicabangela isetshenziswa wigs, okuyinto ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka isimo sabo emphakathini, yobudala kanye nomsebenzi abalingiswa.

bunraku Theatre

Bunraku - Japanese ngonodoli. Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho ngephutha ngokuthi jōruri. Jōruri - igama yaseshashalazini Bunraku ukusebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo igama omunye onodoli, inkosazana bangajabuli. Kuyinto bezingoma mayelana Heroine waqala yaseshashalazini. Ekuqaleni wayengasekho unodoli, futhi ukucula izingoma izindela ezulazulayo. Kancane kancane ukumelwa bajoyine abaculi, izethameli waqala ukubonisa izithombe, okuyinto ukuboniswa izinhlamvu. Kamuva, lezi zithombe yaphenduka onodoli.

Empeleni leli hholo ngowokuthi gidayyu - Reader, okuyindawo kuncike impumelelo konke ukusebenza amakhono. Reader wenza hhayi kuphela monologues netinkhulumiswano, futhi umsebenzi wakhe kuyinto ukukhipha umsindo kudingekile, imisindo, squeaks.

Maphakathi XVII ekhulwini kwakheka canons eyinhloko ukusebenza zomculo kanye recitations e bunraku, kodwa dolls isikhathi eside baqhubeka ukushintsha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwaba khona unodoli amasu abantu abathathu ukuphathwa. Japanese Bunraku yaseshashalazini has a emasikweni akudala onodoli. Abanaso umzimba, ke esikhundleni luhlaka unxande sokhuni, basonta sesigcilikisha ukulawula ikhanda, izingalo nemilenze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imilenze kungaba onodoli besilisa kuphela futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi ngaso sonke isikhathi. On uzimele lufakwa ezelekene zokugqoka, onikeza ivolumu futhi ukufana lesi sibalo womuntu. Inhloko, izandla, futhi uma kudingeka, imilenze kukhona esikhiphekayo futhi ezibekwe phezu luhlaka, uma kunesidingo. Izandla nezinyawo mobile kakhulu futhi zenziwa ukuze doll Ungahambisa ngisho umunwe.

isilawuli upopayi ubuchwepheshe lamahubo lilingana, siqala ngcono, - nabalingisi ezintathu kudingeka ukuba bangasizakali omunye upopayi, ukuphakama okuyinto two-thirds ukukhula komuntu. Abalingisi azifihlakele umphakathi, futhi khona lapho enkundleni, basuke begqoke izifihla-buso omnyama imijiva. Black has futhi ngemva kwesiteji, okwasemuva esiteji kwesihenqo kanye nesigcawu abaculi. Ngenxa yalokhu ivelele ngokucacile usetha kanye onodoli izingubo ezimibalabala ababethi izandla ezimhlophe nobuso.

The main theme yamabhayisikobho Bunraku Ingumfanekiso ushayisile imizwa kanye nesibopho, "isisindo" futhi "ninja." Maphakathi indaba uyindoda benawo imizwa, izifiso, Isifiso sokujabulela ukuphila. Nokho, kwenza umbono womphakathi, izikweletu, nomphakathi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha. Anakho ukwenza lokho akafuni yena. Ngenxa yalokho, ukungqubuzana komsebenzi kanye nenshisekelo siqu kuholela enhlekeleleni.

izithunzi waseshashalazini

Shadow yaseshashalazini elisuka endulo. Indawo lapho ivela khona ubhekwa Asia kanye nemphumelelo enkulu ke usezuze e-China. Kungaleso kwafika amaJapane isithunzi yaseshashalazini.

Ekuqaleni, izethulo wasebenzisa izibalo ukusika iphepha noma isikhumba. Scene wakhonza njengephayona uhlaka lokhuni, embozwe ngendwangu emhlophe, ngemuva lapho abadlali ukulawula izibalo nokucula. Ukusebenzisa ukukhanya ohlangothini kubonakala esikrinini, sibalo izinhlamvu.

Shadow yaseshashalazini ezifundeni ezahlukene kwadingeka izibalo zayo nezinhlobo repertoire wenziwa iculo.

Theatre ibhoni

Ibhoni - bendabuko Japanese yaseshashalazini yamahlaya. Wazalwa ekhulwini XVII, kanye nokwethulwa lokuqala ayehlelwe ngaphansi esibhakabhakeni evulekile. Kodwa nge ukuthandwa yaseshashalazini yaqala ukubonakala ekhaya esikhethekile izethulo ezinjalo - oseba.

Plays of the weshashalazi basonta uhlobo rakugo - izindaba satirical noma kuhlekisa, njalo nge isiphetho esingalindelekile, egcwele puns kanye namahlaya. Thina athuthukile lezi izindaba ezilula wadala rakugoka - narrators okhokhelwayo.

Ngigqoke izinto umculi kimono ihlala phakathi endaweni yesehlakalo komqamelo, ezandleni ithawula lakhe evamile kanye fan. lelandzisako namaqhawe ayengabantu abazinikele amakilasi ezahlukene, indaba ephathwayo awugcini. Kungashintshiwe kwaba kuphela ke ukuthi izindaba babe ezihlekisayo, ezihlobene izimo zezombusazwe, ezifuywayo, oluhlelwe ngezihloko futhi zomlando.

Iningi izindaba zadalwa esikhathini Edo futhi inkathi Meiji, ngakho kancane ajwayelekile kuzithameli yesimanje futhi kuchazwe amasiko alien, indlela yokuphila nezinkinga. Ngokuqondene nalokhu abadlali abaningi rakugo kubhala tindzaba satirical ezindabeni zamanje ngokwabo.

Enye uhlobo ibhoni kubhekwe manzai. Lokhu inkhulumomphendvulwano yamahlaya, elisuka isethulo bendabuko kaNcibijane, ephelezelwa singing, ukudansa bese ulingisa kwezahlakalo comedy. Kancane kancane manzai kuhlanganisiwe tincenye slapstick, musicals kanye nezinye izinhlobo kwamenza wathandeka nakakhulu futhi bavunyelwe ukuba uthole ku-TV.

Theatre ibhoni obubekwe ngaphambili futhi izinhlobo nanivabusi (uhlobo bezingoma) kanye Ikhodi (art Ukufundwa). Codan Yindaba, ogxile ukusebenza abaculi abajikelezayo. I original ephathwayo izindaba (impi izikhathi ezidlule) zandiswa futhi ifake izingxabano emndenini, kumangala amajaji ziyaphawuleka, izenzakalo zezombusazwe, izenzeko engavamile ezimpilweni zabahlali abavamile. Nokho, akubona bonke izihloko bayakhuthazwa yiziphathimandla. ukusebenza zivame ngisho sinqatshiwe.

Amazwibela

Traditional Theatre Japanese - emhlabeni emibalabala futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi kabani makhemikhali abalingisi, abaculi, buso, imihlobiso, izingubo, izimonyo, onodoli, ukudansa. Konke lokhu yakha emhlabeni eliyingqayizivele futhi unrepeatable okuyimfihlakalo Japanese art ezigcawugcawu.