Ayn Klebhulani incwadi ethi "Umthombo": isifinyezo, izingcaphuno kanye lobuya abafundi

Kulesi sihloko sizobona ukuthi uthinte phezu lokusungula Alisy Zinovevny rozenbaum, ugibele i-visa ngo-1925 ukufunda e-United States futhi ukuthola yisakhamuzi lapha. Indodakazi usokhemisi, ekubekeni okuningi umzamo, "wazibeka" emhlabathini American, abe neyaziwayo zabuna tetemibhalo sefilosofi Ayn Rand.

"Umthombo" - inoveli eyabhalwa wakhe ngo-1943. Okokuqala kwathiwa kabi etholwe baxgeki, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yalo msebenzi, abe ethengwa kakhulu, othathe indawo yokuqala American zabuna tetemibhalo. Yini eyenza Ayn Klebhulani ubhala inoveli? Umqondo ukubaluleka ubuhlakani babantu, ukuzazisa womuntu ukuze umphakathi, wokuziqambela, njengoba kuqhathaniswa greyness, le wokumelana sokudubula ngo-1937 e ezikude Russia Lev Bekkerman owawungumnyaka uthando kuqala Alice?

I protagonist futhi Heroine

The hero eyinhloko Ayn Klebhulani inoveli "Umthombo" uyindoda okudala umsebenzi, wezakhiwo Govard Rork. Lesi sithombe okungavamile ibonisa imibono yefilosofi umlobi, kafushane kakhulu lingachazwa ngokuthi wokuziqambela okunengqondo. Uhlelo Lokufaka Lwe-Zethu uyazicabangela kuyaxaka uthintane nabanye, ngoba umuntu has a ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi afuna ukufeza empilweni. "Command" counterweight "intuthwane" collectivism Roark uzizwa isidingo somuntu siqu esijulile ukudala futhi ushintshe jikelele. He is onekhono, baqondiswe izimiso futhi uhambisane ekuvikeleni imibono yabo isidingo onobuqambi o-creative babe degree ezidingekayo enkululeko.

Ingabe kunzima central uhlamvu lensikazi incwadi ethi "The Umthombo". Ayn Rand ukhombisa Intombi ibhizinisi Dominic Franconia, okuyinto futhi akashintshi "Mina" yakhe. Ngaphambi yokufuna injabulo emshadweni emshadweni Howard Roarke yena kabili beshadile - ngoba uPetru Keating futhi Gale Vinand.

I Inner Circle yokuxhumana

Man ayikwazi ukuba akhethe indlela umlingisi losemcoka, engumngane wakhe futhi umfundi ayekanye noPetru Keating. Yena, ngeshwa, ufuna ukulandela kuphela ohlangothini elingaphandle impumelelo ngaphandle kokuba ukwenza kushaft kwangaphakathi. Ngo isibonelo sakhe, ekubonisa umlando ochwepheshe kakhulu bengazilawulela khona isigcino ephukile ye Ayn Rand. "Umthombo" abathandanga ukudalula imbangela kokunqotshwa ukuphila kwakhe - ukwenqaba kwakhe "Mina" esivuna izithakazelo "nabantu abalungile." Umlobi ngokucace esikhanyayo imbangela nenhlekelele - the disorientation esibalulekile, esikhundleni ngenxa yesifiso yangempela ukuba yikhona sikhuthalela kakhulu ke nezinye ukuze abantu wacabanga.

Geyl Vinand, umnikazi we iphephandaba "The Banner" - umuntu Seamless ngaphezulu. Nokho, nge umhleli futhi umholi izimfanelo, kancane kancane buthakathaka, ke aqede ezingaba, kulandela umbono abamele izinhlaka enethonya elikhulu emphakathini. Esikhathini esidlule, lapho ekwakheni umsebenzi, bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye individualist. Ekhumbula lapho eqala umsebenzi wakhe, umhleli cool babenza ukuthi lokususa esobala (uma akekho wamsiza) wabeletha plus (kodwa akekho ukhathazwa). Nokho, ekupheleni inoveli, ukulahlekelwa ukuzazisa yakho ngenxa imvelo, njengoba Vinand fiasco.

Ayn Rand alivezayo noveli bese uvula abaphikisi ngemibono Howard, umhlaziyi futhi intatheli Ellsworth Toohey - collectivist ngenxa yezinkolelo zakhe, wenza izindlela abangathembekile. Kuyinto indoda ongaphakeme futhi ngidelelekile.

Unfinished sikhungo umsebenzi unpromising

Govard Rork kusukela ebusheni bakhe indlela yakhe okuqinile zokuphila. Eqaphela izakhiwo njengoba deal zokuphila kwakhe, elahla izindlela classical yokwakha design, okwase kuza ezingqubuzana othisha Stentonskogo Institute of Technology. Nguye okumele isikhishiwe, kodwa ahlale kweqiniso ukuze kwezifiso zakhe. I idealist abasha e-New York, a Genri Kamerona elaziwayo elincane, kodwa oludonsa and umklami yokudala, umsebenzi wabo bafanele njalo ethembisa. Nokho, lokhu ehhovisi maduze hamba ayinamali. Howard ngishintsha imisebenzi eziningana ezinkampanini ezahlukene. Hhayi ukuhoxa nozakwabo izama ukuthonya umbono wakhe bokwakha, ukhetha yakho uyiphonse futhi uthole ukusebenza stonemason.

Ubuntu uPetru Keating

Incwadi ethi "Umthombo" nezinye imibukiso, ekuqaleni pragmatic ohambweni lokuphila. Peter Keating, ngokuphambene, kuyinto endleleni washaywa. Wathweswa iziqu ekolishi futhi uya ukusebenza ejensi phezulu yezakhiwo. umgibeli Young engazizwa ukungakhululeki ngokomzwelo, ojabulisa amakhasimende. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isimo sakhe sengqondo zobuciko bokwakha ngokusemthethweni. amandla aso engqondo ubuchitha ukufeza umsebenzi yokwakha yaseGrisi. Bebhekene nenkinga efanayo, uPetru wazi ukuthi Govarda Rorka ithiphu ngokuqinisekile ukumsiza.

Ukuqala uthando, futhi Dominic Howard

Isihloko uthando - evelele amanoveli amaningi, iyathinteka futhi incwadi ethi "The Umthombo" Ayn Klebhulani. Izibuyekezo basikisela ukuthi ubuhlobo babantu eziboniswe ke ngobuchwepheshe. Dominique, indodakazi Guy Franconi, umnikazi we-inkwali, lapho usebenza Govard Rork, uzwelana naye. Nokho, sezokuxhumana lezi zinsizwa nge ukuzazisa eqinile nsí, ophela ubulili anolaka. Akazange asho ukuqaphela igama stonemason obizayo.

Izicupho for the individualist

Roark futhi ibuyisela New York ukusebenza okukhethekile. Ekugcineni, umsebenzi wakhe uyayibona. Nokho Ellsvord Toohey, kwaholela ukuphikiswa ubuntu protagonist, ngokuwachitha iphephandaba yakhe nokunyundela. ukubala yakhe ilungile. intatheli Okokuqala kuphakamisa Roarke ku angajwayelekile lokusungula yezakhiwo. Ukuze enze lokhu, uncenga ikhasimende Hopton Stoddard Howard efundiswa kokwakhiwa kwethempeli zomoya womuntu. Lokho kwakha Iphrojekthi yokuqala ngempela, futhi kwaba yisona sibalo owesifazane nqunu njengoba isici yezakhiwo. (Baphinde bahlangana e-New York nge Dominic, nokuthi wayephakamisa ukudala ebaziwe.)

Ellsvord engenza Hopton ukuhluleka umculi, ubani angaqala enkantolo. "Traditional" abaklami ungathandi "iqhude elimhlophe" Roarke, ukufakaza ngokumelene naye. ukusebenza intercessory Dominic akuzange kusize enkantolo. Howard uyakulahlwa. By the way, kubasolwa wafakaza nengane efunda nayo esikoleni sakhe sangaphambili uPetru Keating. nokunqoba Ellsvord.

ukuphila Siqu Dominic

Ngemva kokuthethwa kwecala, Dominik Frankon, uzama babhekane nemizwa yabo ukuze Roarke, unquma ukuba nihlukane. Ukuthi ushada uPetru Keating. Yena balwisana kuyamsiza ukwenza i-career kwi inkampani yezakhiwo. Futhi uya kude ukuze isivumelwano ne umyeni wowesifazane baphiwa abantu wephephandaba abadumile Gale Vinand. Yena owayo uthandana owesifazane osemusha futhi, esikhundleni salokho, omenza ukunikezwa. Dominic, udumazeke Petersburg, uyavuma. Ex-umyeni njengoba isinxephezelo for ingozi zokuziphatha uthola oda ezibizayo.

Nokho, naphezu Court aphethwe, ukuze Roarke iphathwa amaklayenti. Ukudalelwa ngokuvamile kuyindida. ngengozi noma iyiphi hoaxes yayo. Eyokwakha isidleke umndeni umhleli walo omusha yimpumelelo Vinand ngokuzithandela ekhetha umakhi kabani izakhiwo wayehlale uthanda, okungukuthi Govarda Rorka. Abantu abashadile baba abangane. Usomabhizinisi akazi ukuthi umkakhe and umklami ngaphambili babenobuhlobo.

UPetru usebenzisa Roark

Ngalesi sikhathi, careerist Keating okwenzayo ukuze uthole umsebenzi e ukuthuthukiswa isimo eside futhi project eziyinkimbinkimbi - ukwakhiwa kwendawo Cortland. Izindlu ekilasini umnotho sebengoFakazi indinganiso ukwakhiwa okunjalo zasezindaweni ezingafani. Peter sifuna usizo Roarke. Noma kokuba abanesifiso umsebenzi ezifana professional, engaziwa futhi uyavuma ukukwenza mahhala. Ukukholisa ilula: Keating ukwakha isakhiwo, ngokuqinile isilandela phrojekthi.

Nokho, Howard ebuya endaweni iholide ukuthola ukuthi isivumelwano siphukile. akhe ego sabo siphatfwa kabi. Yathukuthela ebhubhisa isakhiwo esakhiwe, uthule ke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Dominique kukuphazamise unogada. Iphephandaba Vinand lokuqala isekela Roarke, bese, ingcindezi evela inyunyana - ngokumelene.

ekupheleni Happy

I sincumo noveli kuqinisekisa umbono ukuthi umuntu unekhono kuyinto abanamakhono, hhayi kuphela emkhakheni babo bomsebenzi. inkulumo Brilliant ummangalelwa azivikele wakholisa amajaji ubumsulwa bakhe. Roarke ekholisayo uchaza indima ukuzazisa futhi wokuziqambela kulo msebenzi. Dominic Howard beshada. Ayn Rand quote uqinisekisa ukuthi kuphela umuntu uzithanda yena oyiqonda ngokugcwele athande enye.

Iphephandaba Vinand ivaliwe ngenxa yezinkinga. Lesi sicebi ucela Roark ukuklama bazenzela phezulu njengoba isikhumbuzo amandla angokomoya, okungase kube kuye, ngenkathi umhleli wangaphambili uyaqaphela ukuthi Howard possesses ke.

Le noveli iphela scene lomhlangano Roark owakwakhe futhi Gale Vinand ophahleni isakhiwo kakade kwakhiwe ngemalengiso.

Umqondo oyinhloko noveli

Umbandela kuphela ukubaluleka abanye abantu, okuyinto Govard Rork uyavuma - kuba ukuzimela kwabo komuntu siqu. Umqondo legumbi presents abafundi Ayn Klebhulani. "Umthombo" - incwadi mayelana nesithunzi sobuntu, mayelana ngokuyinhloko sisho wonke umuntu. Futhi umbandela kuphela, ukuhlolwa litmus okuyinto enquma ukuthi umuntu unabo eqinisweni - kuba degree of uzibuse.

isiphetho

inhlanhla has a inoveli "Umthombo" Ayn Klebhulani. Izimpendulo ngaye baningi, kukhona Filmography umxhwele, amakhophi encwadi amakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7. Ingabe ngengozi ke? Ngokwezinga elikhulu kuya abafundi ezikhangayo esivela ezingaba noveli esunguliwe. Ifilosofi ngentambo objectivism abomvu ukuthi ligijima izingcaphuno Ayn Rand. "Umthombo" - noveli ukuthi kuwufanele ukufunda wonke umuntu. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuba aqaphele iqiniso elisobala, ukuthi wokuziqambela ngempela omunye izinjini yenqubekela phambili. Ukuze ukuzazisa is eliqhutshwa ososayensi, abantu ukuzibonakalisa yokudala, abadlali, by ngezisebenzi.