Kalinin Anatoliy Veniaminovich, umbhali waseRussia ngempela namaSoviet futhi imbongi: Biography, lokusungula

Kalinin Anatoly - umbhali Soviet, imbongi kanye umlobi. Yena waklonyeliswa Gorky Prize, futhi ukhishwa eziningi izindondo imiklomelo, phakathi awo: Order of Lenin, iMpi Yezwe I level, Okthoba Revolution, Red Star, Ubungane Abantu kanye Labor Red Banner. Iminyaka engu-20, wakhonza njengephayona iPhini of the Supreme Soviet Russia. Ukuphila umsebenzi ngale ndoda ephawulekayo futhi sizobe ukukhuluma esihlokweni.

biography

Anatoly Kalinin (kabani biography manje kubhekwe yithi) wazalwa ngo-1916, ngo-Agasti 22. Lapho kwazalelwa khona umbhali esizayo ngazalelwa edolobhaneni Kamensky (Rostov esifundeni), manje isibe emzini Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy. Lapha, kwi Don, wachitha esengumntwana nangesikhathi intsha yomlobi esizayo. Ubaba Anatoly Veniaminovich wayevela Novocherkassk Cossacks ngasebenza uthisha esikoleni yasemakhaya, nonina kwaba Cossack Kamenka.

Umkhulu Kalinin Cossack choir wahlabelela ebandleni, wayenendlu izwi elihle kakhulu. Ekhumbula isikhathi esengumntwana, umbhali akakwazi ukukucabanga ngaphandle kumkhulu wakhe ngokuhlabelela.

Kalinin babekhathazeke ngokuthi elithi "Cossack" esemncane akuzange azishilo. Umlobi ukhathazekile mayelana ukuvuselelwa amasiko Cossack nasendleleni yabo yokuphila. Futhi lapho, ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, uStalin wakhipha isimemezelo ku ukusungulwa umzimba Don Cossacks, Kalinin beqaphela ukuthi lo muntu Cossacks waqala ukwenza kabusha. Ngalesi igagasi, wanyathelisa ngo-1943 esihlokweni esithi "Don Cossacks".

emphakathini kokuqala

Kalinin Anatoliy Veniaminovich ngokuthi Cossacks "bulala Russia", kuyilapho akazange ukwehlukana Cossacks ngokwabo ukuba "nereestrovyh" futhi "Registry". Kodwa-ke kuyoba ngemva kwesikhathi eside kakhulu, kodwa manje Kalinin sivunyiwe ku Pioneers. Esemncane ezinjalo, wayevele waqala ukubhala Tindzaba mayelana nempilo yasemaphandleni nasemapulazini ehlangene Don ukushicilelwa ephephandabeni "Pioneer iqiniso" futhi "abazukulu kukaLenin."

Ngesikhathi ngiba ibhungu ngo-1930, Kalinin kanye string umsebenzi wahambela nasemizaneni nakweminye emincanyana Don ukuphishekela collectivization. Futhi ngo-1931, umlobi esizayo yaba ilungu Komsomol. Ngemva kwalokho, waqala ukusebenzela amaphephandaba yesifundazwe neyesifunda ku Kuban, uDon, e Kabardino-Balkaria.

Kalinin Anatoly baba intatheli ngo-1935, "I-Komsomolskaya Pravda", okuyinto kukhanyisa izinkinga e-Armenia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ukraine, Don. Futhi ngo-1941, umlobi waya phambi njengendlela umlobeli lokhu Iphephandaba - iningi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ayihlala phezu izimpi eningizimu.

noveli yokuqala ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Umsebenzi wokuqala ezinkulu umbhali zishicilelwe ngo-1940. Kwakuyisikhathi inoveli onesihloko esithi "imibhoshongo". Kulesi umsebenzi, Kalinin Anatoly Kolkhoz nov kusenzo emaphethelweni Cossacks. Wabhala izinto wayazi kusukela ebuntwaneni: indlela Cossack wokuphila, abasebenzi nabalimi abancane, ulimi kazwelonke.

Phakathi nempi, nabalingiswa abasemqoka isebenza Kalinin babe amaphoyisa kanye nabalimi, ngubani ayegqoke iyunifomu lamasosha, abiza ezweni lenkaba yawo. Ngalesi sikhathi, Kalinin wathumela ezihlukahlukene iphephandaba Tindzaba phezu izenzakalo ezenzeka Rostov, Mozdok, kwaseStalingrad. Futhi ngo-1943 wanyathelisa incwadi ka-eseyi umbhali esithi "Cossacks kukhona entshonalanga." indaba Military eshicilelwe ngo-1944 kumagazini i-"INguqulo Yezwe Elisha" "ENingizimu", futhi ngo-1945 - umkhiqizo "Amaqabane". Kamuva, ngokusekelwe onkwenzeka ezimbili Kalinin kudala inoveli okukhulu mayelana ubuqhawe of amasosha Russian - "i-Red Flag". Lo msebenzi wakhe wanyatheliswa ngo-1951 e Rostov.

ngemva kwempi

Lapho ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe iphelile, Kalinin waya kohlala kuleli pulazi Don Puhlyakovsky. Lapha, umlobi kudala uchungechunge Tindzaba mayelana abakhileyo emizaneni Don Cossack :. "Moon Night", "Ngemuva Kwesobunxele Ngemuva Kolkhoz", "izimpande ezingafi" kanye namanye amaqhawe lezi imisebenzi satholakala kwamanye amanoveli amaningi izindaba Kalinin.

I "Iqiniso" ngo-1953, umlobi eshicilelwe umsebenzi "On ezingeni phakathi." Lokhu indzaba phikisana Kalinin ngokuphepha ezindabeni zamanje ezihlobene ekuthuthukiseni kwalesi sigodi futhi isitayela amandla party. Umbhali kuyancomeka lo msebenzi futhi ngabe indzabambhalo okwalandela "Moon Night". Umlobi babekholelwa ukuthi bamsiza ukuba iqinisekise ukulunga izihloko ezikhethiwe ngenxa yendalo yakhe. Lezi Tindzaba ukukhuthalele waphendula nabafundi - Kalinin wathola eziningi izincwadi nokusekela ikheli.

Ngo-1962 Kalinin wabhala inoveli "Zone Forbidden", echaza ukwakhiwa kwalesi iVolga-Don umsele. Umsebenzi kuphakamisa izimpikiswano ezilandelayo: ezemfundo umuntu omusha emoyeni kwezifiso lamaKhomanisi; akhuza izenzakalo nezenzo ukuthi akufanele kube emphakathini sezenhlalo; ukuhlolwa ukuthi kwenzekani ngokuya unembeza lamaKhomanisi.

"Gypsy"

Kodwa sibonga le noveli ayedumile Anatoly Kalinin. "Gypsy" - lena umsebenzi ukuthi udumo kombhali. Kwamiswa Lolu inoveli kusuka ezihlukahlukene imininingwane ngokuphila kwakhe. Isithombe umlingiswa oyinhloko, a Budulai lwamaGypsy kwaphakama umbhali phakathi nempi, lapho esibhedlela, wabona isithunywa Roma presents i the Order of Red Star ingenye Cossack izinduna. Khona-ke Kalinin sasingakafiki wacabanga ubhala inoveli, kodwa isiqephu ukhunjulwa for a lifetime. Khona-ke, lapho iyunithi lakhe laqanjwa emuva ngaphansi umbhali Minor Belozerka ngabona ephukile lwamaGypsy mahele. Akubanga sikhathi wezwa ukuthi Owesifazane wamthatha umntwana, owasinda kuye. Futhi ngemva kwempi Kalinin Anatoly eduze noSandra a lwamaGypsy-smith, njengoba ayephethe nomfowethu omncane okuthiwa Budulai.

Umlobi kulo lonke lokusungula siyaqhubeka ubheke lempi indaba ephathwayo, okwembula ukuhlobana Izenzakalo zesikhathi esidlule nesamanje. Le misebenzi, ngaphezu "Gypsy" kukhona amanoveli "ibhokisi ezomile", "Point of No Return", "Echo of War". Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi ebamba isisu ngemibono lezi imisebenzi itholakala uhlelo izithombe heroes - umbhali uqhathanisa abantu, adalwe isimiso samaSoviet, futhi labo abamagama imiphefumulo abagogekile isifiso sokuthola ingcebo noma amandla.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngo-1967, Kalinin Anatoliy Veniaminovich wabhala inoveli "Memeza, izinsimbi!". Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa elalinikezelwe izindaba yobuhle nesimilo nomndeni izingane.

Esikhathini izincwadi, Kalinin lalihlale waqonda njengoba owalandela Sholokhov isiko. Umbhali ngokwakhe wayevumelana nalo, ngisho ngo-1964 yakhipha incwadi ka-eseyi mayelana Sholokhov ngokuthi "Veshenskaya ehlobo." Khona-ke, ngo-1975, ishicilelwe inoveli entsha umlobi - " 'epholile Flows Don Isikhathi". Futhi kusukela ngo-1982 kuya kowe-1983 eyanyatheliswa imisebenzi eqoqwe of Kalinin.

Umlobi wafa ngo-2008, ngo-June 12, endaweni ekude le emajukujukwini Puhlyakovsky. Wembelwa egcekeni lendlu yakhe.

Amavesi Kalinina Anatoliya Veniaminovicha

Izinkondlo Kalinin akuyona njengoba aziwa kanye temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba yakhe. Noma kunjalo, umlobi utlole ezinkondlweni eziningana netinkondlo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiklamo yena eloba incwadi mayelana Don Cossacks izinkondlo. Ngeshwa, lo mbono ayizange awenziwanga.

izinkondlo Kalinina Anatoliya Veniaminovicha, efana temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba yakhe, igxile izihloko zokuziphatha, izinhloso lamakhomanisi, kanye ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ngo imigqa yakhe olusankondlo kumbhali ukhuthaza abafundi ukulandela inhliziyo yakho, ukuba siphile ngokuvumelana nonembeza futhi ngendlela efanele. Ikakhulukazi ngoba abantu ngokuvumelana Kalinin efanayo, yize yikhono layo ngokungenabugovu ukukhonza lokhokho. Isihloko inkonzo sokuzidela, mhlawumbe, ligijima yonke imisebenzi umbhali.

"Budulai, okuyinto ungalindi"

Le filimu lithathelwe noveli "Gypsy," eyakhishwa ngo-1994. Umqondisi we ifilimu Wayengubani u-Alexander Fenko. Lesi sigameko senzeke endaweni epulazini Razdorskaya Kanygin (Rostov Region). Lapha kulapho wazalwa futhi wahlala kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe Kalinin. Dances nezingoma odlalwa abadlali kusukela Gypsy Theatre "Romen".

Nokho, encane kakhulu uchungechunge oluthi "Gypsy Isiqhingi" ekuqaleni wathwebula, eyakhishwa ngo-1993. Futhi kuphela ngonyaka kamuva kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo ukukhwezwa mdwebo "Budulai, okuyinto ungalindi."

Iqhaza main ifilimu eyadlalwa Otar Megvinetuhutsesi. Isithombe isitshela indaba a lwamaGypsy Budulai, esibuyela kuye emzaneni Don Cossack emva kweminyaka 10 ejele.

Ngakho, ukuphila ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi engenakulibaleka wahlala Kalinin. Njengoba umsebenzi lalobhalako, kuthandwa kuze kube yilolu suku.