Oles Honchar - umbhali Ukrainian Soviet

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union abantu baqala ukubheka ehlukile at amasiko abo nezincwadi, uzama ukuthola ukuthi usebenza kusukela nenkathi yamaSoviet ngendlela ebonisa, futhi ukuthi amanga nje waphoselwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, abaningi kakhulu abalobi Soviet usiphathe ukhohlwe. Phakathi kwabo, umlobi amanoveli athandwayo e sixties Oles Gonchar.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Kudabuka khona umbhali Oles (Alexander Terent'evich) Gonchar ngo-1918 ngalabo. Lomovke, Dnipropetrovsk esifundeni. Ekuzalweni kwakhe, wazala igama Bilichenko.

Ngemva ukushona kukamama Tatiana sika - lo mfana ngokulambisa ezintathu ubudala - ngenxa Ubuhlobo nzima noyise futhi umkakhe omusha Frosya abasha Sasha ngahamba ngayohlala Umkhulu noninakhulu komama edolobhaneni suha, okuyinto evame ngokuyiphutha kubhekwe indawo lokuzalwa kwakhe. Ogogo nomkhulu cishe indawo ubaba womfana nonina, lapho wanikeza umzukulu wakhe esikoleni, wawubhala ngaphansi kwegama lakhe siqu - Gonchar.

Lapho umfana ekhula futhi ngafunda esikoleni sawo, imfundo yakhe wasiphakamisa umalume wakhe Yakov Gavrilovich, owaba umqondisi wefektri yendawo. Siyabonga kulesi sikhundla, ayenakho amathuba amaningi aqukethe umshana kuka nogogo nomkhulu. Ngakho-ke, kanye nobab 'omncane umndeni womfana ngayohlala. Khorishko. Ngesikhathi ngisafunda esikoleni sendawo, wafika ngaphansi kwethonya ungumfundisi ulimi Ukraine nezincwadi. Kwaba sibonga kuye ukuthi umlobi esizayo wayenesithakazelo izincwadi, futhi wathola isidlaliso "Oles". Iqiniso ukuthi Uthisha wahlabeka Admirer of imbongi Ukrainian Oleksandr Oles futhi kudluliselwa umfundi wakhe. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngo inoveli yakhe "The Cathedral", umlobi kudala uhlamvu ukwesulwa nothisha wakhe ozithandayo.

Ngenxa yokuhamba umalume uJakobe Alexander iziqu iminyaka eyisikhombisa edolobhaneni Breusovke. Phakathi nale nkathi, uzama ukubhala izicucu zabo futhi izihloko, sibonga lokhu umfana ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu bathola umsebenzi ehhovisi Abahleli baleli phephandaba zesifunda, nangemva - kule lesifunda. In parallel umsebenzi sombumbi kwaba journalism ekolishi emzini Kharkiv. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, u-Alexander waqala ngisebenze njengevolontiya elifundisa edolobhaneni Manuylovke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uqala ukushicilela izindaba zakhe kuqala edition Ukrainian we "Pioneer", "Literary iGazethi", "Komsomolets Ukrainy" nabanye.

Ngo-1938, Oles Gonchar owaba umfundi at laseKharkov University Faculty of kolimi. Elapho, waqhubeka ukubhala tindzaba letimfisha kanye amanoveli, kodwa ngokutadisha injabulo akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe futhi Oles, kokuphazamisa izifundo zakhe, wazicelela ngaphambili.

Phakathi nempi, Gonchar kwaze kwaba umsebenzi wokubhala, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi wabhala izinkondlo wathatha amanothi, ezisetshenziswa kamuva e izindaba zakhe futhi amanoveli mayelana nempi, ikakhulukazi trilogy "Znamenonostsy".

Provoevav kweminyaka ecishe ibe mihlanu, kokuba kube endaweni ezazivalelwe kuyo abahola izindondo ezintathu ngoba isibindi Order of Red Star Omunye, ngo-1945 umbhali waya ekhaya. Phakathi nempi, uyise eshona, futhi ezimbili nengxenye-abafowethu, kanye nabanye abangane abaningi nezihlobo bavuma. Kodwa, umlobi wabuyela ngaphambili yinye. "Inhlanhla" yakhe, njalo wachaza ukuthi ugogo wakhe, njengoba owesifazane inkolo wathandazela umzukulu wakhe. Potter yena wabhapathizwa njengomunye ingane, futhi nawo akholelwa kuNkulunkulu, ngaphandle, ukuthi ngenhlonipho enkulu ngoba zethempeli lasendulo futhi kwaba isitha okuqina ngokubhujiswa kwabo noma ukuguqulwa ibe igumbi. Kamuva, yena wayevusa lolu daba inoveli yakhe edume kunazo zonke, manje "Cathedral".

Ukuqala umsebenzi yetemibhalo

Ukubuyela nabaphuma empini, Oles Gonchar kuhanjiswe ku Kiev, angena eyunivesithi yendawo, uyaqhubeka ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe waphazanyiswa empini. Ngo parallel, esekelwe izinkumbulo kusekusha namanothi empi wabhala futhi ishicilelwe amanoveli eziningana, bese livele libe umsebenzi owengeziwe emikhulu - ukubhala DEBUT yakhe inoveli mayelana "Alps" (ingxenye yokuqala trilogy "Znamenonostsy") impi, esanyatheliswa ngo-1946 kwelinye komagazini etemibhalo kazwelonke. Ukukhululwa yokuqala Romana Gonchara kwashintsha ukuphila kwakhe. Wenza izinkanyiso kwezincwadi isikhathi ukuba banake ithalente entsha ezincwadini Russian. Ngakho, inkosi yayiqaphela kwezincwadi Ukrainian Soviet Yuri Yanovsky adunyiswe umsebenzi umbhali abasha futhi wanquma ukuthatha kuye ngaphansi sephiko lalo. Ngakho-ke, ngemva impumelelo "Alps" Umema Potter kuhanjiswe ku Kiev ukuba khona iziqu esikoleni futhi uqhubeke nokusebenza ku amanoveli entsha.

ukuqashelwa

Eminyakeni emibili eyalandela Oles Gonchar ishicilela amanoveli lesibili nelesithathu ochungechungeni "Znamenonostsy": "The Blue iDanube" futhi "Golden ePrague", futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba encane. Trilogy "Znamenonostsy" umbhali kuletha udumo makhulu hhayi kuphela Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, kodwa futhi kulo lonke izwe. Ngenxa yalesi umbhali, umjikelezo kuyodingeka ezimbili Stalin Imiklomelo futhi babe baphumelele neyaziwayo, layo kuyinjabulo ukufunda nabantu abavamile nezihlakaniphi.

Nokho, hhayi udumo okungazelelwe ziye zona Gonchar, naphezu ukuthandwa, uyaqhubeka ukubhala. Nokho, ngemva trilogy, umlobi ikakhulu libhekisela letingasiwo emaciniso ishicilela izindaba ngokuphila lempi.

Esikhathini kwamashumi amahlanu, emva Honchar inoveli "Ake izibani asabela" isusiwe isici ifilimu "The Girl nge lighthouse" ngonyaka ozayo kwenye amanoveli akhe adubule omunye movie - "Yabashokobezi inhlansi".

Esikhathini esifanayo, Oles Gonchar dilogii abasebenza izenzakalo wamavukelambuso eningizimu ye-Ukraine. Amalungu ayo kuhlanganisa amanoveli "Tavria" futhi "periscope". Ngeshwa, abazange babe njengoba othandwayo "Znamenonostsy" kanye dlala umbhali wendzaba. Nokho, kulezi amanoveli, umlobi uqala kancane kancane ungasuki izicelo ezempi, futhi nesithakazelo ngokwengeziwe isihloko ukuphila okunokuthula kwabantu abavamile. Mhlawumbe ngenxa imizamo ukushintsha isihloko lokusungula ifilimu uchungechunge weza alizange liphumelele ngendlela amanoveli okuqala. Naphezu izimpendulo kunalokho abandayo ngo-1959 "Tavria" yathathwa futhi esekelwe encwadini igama elifanayo sidalwe ballets umculo uVladimir Nakhabino.

Ngaphezu umsebenzi wokubhala le zamashumi amahlanu Potter kanye journalism umshado, futhi uye wahamba kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. I apogee zaleli shumi leminyaka abe yiyo usihlalo akhethwe we-Union of Abalobi Ukraine, kanye nonobhala we-Union of Soviet Abalobi.

sixties

Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo Oles Gonchar ligxile ekuphileni ezivamile izici zayo. Amandla ithalente lakhe omkhulu umbhali uyehluleka imininingwane bese udala, izithombe egqamile romantic ngemuva isimiso kwansuku zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke Potter amanoveli kule nkathi kukhona impumelelo engancikile esingaphansi DEBUT yakhe trilogy.

Ngo-1960, umlobi ishicilela noveli "Indoda izikhali", elibonisa facets entsha ithalenta umlobi. Ngenxa yalesi inoveli Potter iba winner lokuqala Taras Shevchenko Republican Prize. Nakuba lo msebenzi wobuciko kanye ingqophamlando emsebenzini yomlobi, ngaphandle kwesiyingi Ukrainian elite tetemibhalo, kwakungadingeki njengoba baziswa futhi ethandwa njengoba eminye imisebenzi Potter. Nokho, umlobi ngokwakhe isihloko "Indoda izikhali" kwaba impela, ngakho phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo wayezokuza emuva yakhe-ukuqhubeka inoveli "Cyclone". Izikhonzi lo msebenzi kakhulu ligamanxa umsebenzi intandokazi uthisha umbhali wakhe Yuriya Yanovskogo.

Enye abalulekile Gonchar ngendalo sixties waba inoveli tindzaba letimfisha "Tronka". Impumelelo Its wasiza nomlobi hhayi kuphela futhi ngibe usaziwayo kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union, kodwa futhi ukuze uwine Lenin Prize. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zonke imali obuhambisana le ndondo, Oles ngokuzithandela ezinikelwe ekuthuthukiseni imitapo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva noveli senziwa ku-movie.

Inoveli Olesya Gonchara "Cathedral" futhi nehlazo ababemzungezile

Nalapha sayinambitha impumelelo, umlobi wanquma ukuba abhale incwadi ethi "The Cathedral".

Ngemva a ncibilika futhi rethinking yamanani, ukugoma kusukela ebuntwaneni, umlobi wazama ukubhala mayelana isikhathi eside ngoba kuye ezithakazelisayo indaba ephathwayo - ingokomoya. Naphezu umsebenzi wakhe omuhle, Potter wavuma ukuthi wayekade eyindoda zenkolo, abaye bazisa futhi ihlonishwe Amasiko obuKristu nezinkolelo njalo. Ngemva kwempi, lapho umlobi wayephila eduze laseDnepropetrovsk, ezitaladini zawo kukhona zintathu Cathedral, wakha phakathi nesikhathi Cossacks of indlela endala, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izipikili. Ukuba uphawu ngokomoya hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi isikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, lokhu lombhishobhi kwakubaluleke kakhulu ngokuba bendawo. Futhi lapho, ngenxa namaqhinga iziphathimandla zendawo ke kwakuyokwenza isihloko izinto zomlando baphathe, abantu kuqhathaniswa. Le ndaba othinte umbhali, futhi wabhala le ndaba eqanjiwe, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1968 e-"wobaba" magazini. Abafundi futhi baxgeki baye baqaphela abalobi Ukrainian Soviet balijabulela leli umsebenzi. Kodwa umngane uBrezhnev, uNobhala lokuqala lekomiti yesifunda Vatchenko, ukufunda inoveli, usola ukuthi main negative ubuntu bakhe ukukopishwa kuye. Ngakho wasebenzisa uxhumano lakhe futhi ukuvinjelwa ukushicilelwa okwengeziwe noveli, ukuvinjelwa nokuhunyushelwa kwalo isiRashiya, kanye nanoma yikuphi ngako emaphephandabeni. It akaphinda wamsiza akekho lokulabhela izinkanyiso tetemibhalo, noma incwadi evulekile eya iphephandaba "Pravda".

ukuvinjelwa oshisekayo "Cathedral" inoveli Okwamanje isibe uhlobo kulethe, okubangela abasebenzi eziningi ukuze silwe izincwadi Ukraine kobushiqela izincwadi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nehlazo kule noveli, walidumisa yombhali lonke elaseSoviet Union. Kuze kube manje, le ncwadi iyona umsebenzi edume kunazo umbhali, nakuba hhayi enamandla kakhulu.

imisebenzi Late

Naphezu kokwenzeka ne "Cathedral", Oles Gonchar akazange adikile aqhubeka ebhala izinhlamvu. Ukuze injabulo yakhe, isimo sengqondo esingaqondile neziphathimandla abathintekayo "ingane" kwakhe, umlobi ngokwakhe abalimalanga kuphela. Umsebenzi wakhe kamuva baqhubeka ukushicilela in the engamashumi amabili ezayo ke usufakwe kwesikrini ezintathu imisebenzi yakhe. Emva "Cathedral" Potter wabhala amanoveli amane, izindaba eziningana esifushane, ukhiphe iqoqo tindzaba letimfisha "I imililo elikude" futhi incwadi ka izinkondlo kweminyaka yempi "amavesi Front yomugqa." Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nale minyaka umbhali kuba ngokuzimisela ukunyakaza ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni e-Ukraine futhi kubhekanwa nezinkinga zenhlalo. Ngo-1987, yena omula kuqala dalo we umbhali Ukraine Cultural Foundation. Ngo-1990, wesula leQembu LamaKhomanisi.

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union akuseyona kumbhali osemncane imatasa nemisebenzi zezombangazwe nezenhlalo, ngokubhala - ingasaphathwa. Phakathi nale minyaka, wanyathelisa incwadi ka-eseyi, okuyinto waveza umbono wakhe mayelana nekusasa yezwe lenkaba yawo - "Yini siphila. Endleleni imvuselelo Ukraine ".

Ngo-1995 Olesya Gonchara wayesehambile. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisithupha isikhumbuzo Gonchar wavulwa e Kiev. Ngo-2005 yena waba kwakhe yaklonyeliswa Hero isihloko Ukraine. Yokudumisa Umlobi okuthiwa ezitaladini emadolobheni eziyisithupha ezinkulu Ukraine, omunye epaki, imitapo ezine, eyunivesithi kanye izikole eziningana. Qamba Olesya Gonchara kukhona imiklomelo etemibhalo ezintathu, kanye ezine isimo scholarship zezemfundo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, s. Dry, eyaqala ebuntwaneni zakuqala yomlobi, kuba Museum.

Oles Honchar - umbhali ithalente omkhulukazi, ngegalelo lakhe izincwadi Russian, Ukraine, eBelarus nakwamanye amazwe kubaluleke kakhulu ngempela. Nokho, ngenxa yezinguquko indlela yokuphila kwabaningi yemisebenzi yakhe Akasekho zihlobane ngendlela ngesikhathi sokushicilela. Kunoma ikuphi, sifunde izincwadi lo mbhali akuyona kuphela bajwayelane ukuphila kwabantu abavamile phakathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe futhi ngemva kwempi, kodwa futhi ukuba umane ujabulele ithalente okungenakuqhathaniswa umbhali.