Ukuhlaziywa "Ngezansi". Inkinga yobuntu, evezwa ngendlela engavamile nguMnu Gorky

Kuzo zonke imidlalo zikaMaxim Gorky, ngenye indlela, kunesisusa esibalulekile esivamile. Ngokufanayo - ukuziphatha kwabantu okungabonakali, okubhekisela emibonweni enjengesihawu nokuhawukela, kanye nokusebenza komuntu okuphikisana nakho, okwenza abantu babe nesifiso sokumelana, ukuphikisana, ukulwa. Futhi lo mdlalo, owadalwa umbhali ngo-1902, wawungenjalo.

Amaphethini ajwayelekile

Ukuhlaziywa "Ngezansi" kuhlaziywa kwedrama yomphakathi, umsebenzi wefilosofi ojulile lapho izinhlamvu ezingavamile zibhekana nezinkinga ezivamile. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlamvu eziyinhloko nezincane ezisesidlangalaleni, njengoba kubonakala kalula, cha. Isakhiwo asilawulwa ukuphikisana kwabantu ezimweni ezithile, kodwa ukuphikisana kwemibono yabo kanye nezikhundla zokuphila. Konke okusemsebenzini kuncike ekuxabaneni kwefilosofi, ngakho-ke isisekelo salolu daba kuyinkulumo-mpikiswano enamandla, evame ukungena ekuxabaneni. Inombolo yama-monologues we-playwright incishisiwe, njengombuso, yiyona ingxenye enkulu ekuqedeni kwanoma isiphi isigaba somphikisana wezinhlamvu noma ngisho nokumemezela komlobi (isinqumo se-Satin singathathwa njengesibonelo salokhu). Amaqembu aphikisanayo azama ukukholisana, ngakho-ke inkulumo yeqhawe ngalinye likhanya, licebile, licebile kuma-aphorisms.

Ukungafani komdlalo "Ngezansi" ukuthuthukiswa okuhambisanayo kweziqephu eziningana

Ukuhlaziywa "Ngezansi" kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha emigwaqweni eminingi efana, ngokuzimele komunye nomunye - ngakho umsebenzi ngokwawo wakhiwe. Isibonelo, ubudlelwane phakathi kukaKostylev (umnikazi wendlu yangasese), umkakhe uVasilisa nodadewabo uNatasha, kanye nomlingo wezinyosi, kungase kube isisekelo somdlalo ohlukene wezenhlalakahle nezekhaya. Esinye isiqondiso ubuhlobo phakathi kwabangasebenzi kanye ne-"muck" locksmith abahlala bengasebenzi futhi behamba nomkakhe oshona, u-Anna. Emisebenzini kukhona ezinye izingosi: Nastya noBaron, iKvashnia neMedvedev, izindaba zikaBubnov, u-Actor, Alyoshka namanye amaqhawe. Ekuboneni kokuqala, linikeza nomqondo wokuthi uGorky wachaza izibonelo ezimbalwa ezimpilweni zalabo abahlala "phansi," nokuthi uma inani lezi zibonelo liyehlile noma likhuphukile, akukho lutho olungashintsha okuningi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kuhlaziywa "Ngezansi", umuntu uthola umbono wokuthi i-playwright iphumelele ngalokhu "kokungabambisani" ngokucophelela. Umbhali njengokungathi uhlukanisa indawo ibe yizingxenye eziningana, ngayinye ehlala impilo yayo ekhethekile futhi inabantu abalingiswa abasha. Inkhulumomphendvulwano eyaziwa nge-multi-voiced evezwayo, okwakushiwo ukuphindaphindiwe okuzwakala endaweni eyodwa yesehlakalo kubonakala sengathi kuvela ngokungaqondile ngamagama azwakala komunye. Umphumela wokugcina awulindelekile neze. Umlotha endaweni eyodwa yesehlakalo yenza uNatasha ukuthi akukho lutho olwesaba umuntu, bese kuthi kwenye i-Bubnov, ekhanda leli cap, linikeza inkulumo ethi: "Futhi izintambo zibolile ...", okuyinto ezwakala sengathi iyinhlamba ekuqondeni uMlotha. Umdlali we-Spivshiysya ekhoneni elilodwa ezama, kodwa akakwazi ukufunda inkondlo, noBubnov kwelinye ikhoneni ngesikhathi umdlalo ehloliseni nedolobha laseMedvedev, ngokusho kabi uthi: "Indodakazi yakho iphelile". Futhi futhi kukhona umuzwa wokuthi lokhu akubhekiswe kuphela ku-Medvedev, kodwa ngokuyingxenye ku-Actor, ukuthi la mazwi akhulumi nje ngomdlalo wabahloli, kodwa ngokuphathelene nesiphetho somuntu ngokujwayelekile.

Isithombe sikaLuka - isixhumanisi emsebenzini kaM. Gorky

Ukusebenza okunjalo kumdlalo kunzima kakhulu. Ukuze uqaphele, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiliphi indima eyenziwa nguLuka kukho konke lokhu. Ukuhlaziywa "Ngezansi" akunakwenziwa ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngomshumayeli ohambahambayo ozama ukududuza wonke umuntu, wonke umuntu uthembisa ukuphunyuka okusheshayo ekuhluphekeni futhi ucingo lokungalahlekelwa ithemba nokukholwa. ULuka uyindoda engavamile. Ungumuntu ohlakaniphile onesithakazelo esikhulu kubantu nokuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu kwempilo. Ukukholelwa kukaLuka ngokwakho kubonakala kahle ngokuthi "Ukholelwa yini, kuwukuthi." Umshumayeli uqiniseka ukuthi umphefumulo awukwazi ukuphulukiswa ngeqiniso, futhi ngempela akukho lutho olungenziwa nhlobo, noma kunjalo, amanga aduduzayo asiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uLuka uzwela ngobuqotho kubantu, ufuna ukubasiza.

Ukushayisana okunjalo kusiza ukwakha isenzo sokuphela kokuphela komdlalo. Kuze kube sekugcineni, umbhali wayedinga izindaba ezilandelanayo ezilandelanayo zabalingiswa abahlukene. Laba bantu bahluke ekusebenzeni, amandla okukholelwa kumuntu, ukumelana. Ukushumayela kukaLuka kukuvumela ukuba uhlole ukuthi abantu abahluke kanjani kangakanani bayokwenzenjani, okwenza ukuhlolwa okunjalo kuqiniseke nakakhulu.

Ukubulala u-Anna, owesifazane owayengakwazi ukuphumula ngesikhathi esaphila, uLuka uthi ufile "ngenjabulo, ngaphandle kwekhanda." Futhi isiguli, ngokuphambene naso, sinesifiso esikhulu sokuphila. "Uma kungekho ufulawa lapho, ungahlupheka lapha," esho. Futhi lokhu kungukunqoba kukaLuka kokuqala. KuNatasha, umshumayeli ulandisa umzekeliso we "umhlaba olungile", efuna ukumbumbulukisa isimo sempilo yeqiniso kanye namandla okusindisa ekukhohliseni. Noma kunjalo, uNatasha, ezwa amazwi akhe, ufika esiphethweni esiphambene kakhulu - ukholelwa ukuthi i-hero yomfanekiso, ozibulala, "nje ayikwazanga ukukhohlisa." Lawa mazwi aveza ukulimala komdlali, okholelwa ekududuzeni kukaLuka futhi ehluleka ukumelana nokudumazeka.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Gorky's "At the Bottom" kusivumela ukuba sibone ukuthi izingxoxo ezimfushane zendoda endala "neprotege" yakhe zihlangene, zakha ukunyakaza okungaphakathi komsebenzi. Ithemba elimnyama lokukhula lonya, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho izinkolelo ziqala ukuhlakazeka, uLuka uyanyamalala ngokungenakuqondakala.

Inkulumo kaSatin - iculo lokuphila, kuqala lizwakala "ngezansi"

Ukunqotshwa okukhulu uLuka ubhekene neSatin. Esenzweni sokugcina, lapho umshumayeli engekho endlini, abantu baqala ukuphikisana ngokuthi ungubani nokuthi yini ayezama ukuyifinyelela. Ama-bums akhathazekile ngokuthi ungaphila nokuthi ungaphila manje. Ibonisa isimo jikelele se-baron. Ukuvuma ukuthi wayephila njengokungathi "ephusheni" futhi akaqondi lutho, uqala ukucabanga ngephupho: "... ngesizathu esithile ngizalelwe ...". Abantu baqala ukulalela omunye nomunye. Ekuqaleni uSatin uvikela uLuka futhi uyaphika ukuthi umshumayeli wayekhohlisa ngamabomu wonke umuntu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvikela kushintshwe ngokushesha kube yinto evuthayo, futhi manje uSatin uthi konke lokhu kwenziwa nguLuka ngaphandle kwesihawu kubantu. Iqhawe lithi amanga yinkolo yezigqila namakhosi, futhi unkulunkulu womuntu okhululekile uyinyaniso. I-Satin iyaqhubeka inkulumo yakhe esuka enhliziyweni, futhi manje uzwa amazwi athi "kukhona indoda kuphela, kodwa konke okunye kuyizandla zezandla zakhe nobuchopho." Futhi naphezu kokuthi ngisho nesikhulumi esingaqhubeki ngaphezu kwala mazwi angeke sihambe, endlini ehlala okokuqala okokuqala inkulumo enzima kakhulu futhi ubuhlungu obuvela empilweni elahlekile buzwa.

Izenzo ezintathu zokugcina zedlala ziphela ekufeni. Ekupheleni kwesenzo sesibili, uSatin uyakhala "Abafileyo abazwa!" Ukunyakaza kwedrama kuhlotshaniswa nokuvuswa kwe "izidumbu eziphilayo", imizwa yabo, ukuzwa kwabo. Lokhu kuyisisekelo esiyinhloko, sokuziphatha komdlalo, nakuba iphela ngokudabukisayo.

Isiphetho

Kuze kube manje, kuningi okuphikisanayo okwenzekile mayelana nomdlalo "Ngezansi". Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi osanda kuwona kusivumela ukuthi siqiniseke ukuthi lo msebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ongewona osezingeni elijwayelekile, obonisa ukuphikisana okunzima kwefilosofi nokuziphatha ngaleso sikhathi nokuthuthukiswa kwazo kancane kancane. KuGorky ngokwakhe, kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ubuntu buvuke, ukukhuthaza ikhono layo lokucabanga, ukuqonda okusemqoka.