Ivan Shmelev: biography, photography kanye nobuciko

U-Shmelev Ivan Sergeevich ungumlobi owaziwayo waseRussia. Emsebenzini wakhe wabonakalisa impilo yemikhakha ehlukahlukene yomphakathi, kodwa ikakhulukazi uzwela wabonisa impilo 'yendoda encane'. Isithombe ngu-Ivan Shmelev sinikezwe ngezansi.

Imvelaphi kaShekmev

U-Ivan Sergeevich wazalwa ngo-September 21, 1873. Wayevela emndenini wabathengisi baseZamoskvoretsk. Noma kunjalo, ukuhweba kukayise kwakungenandaba naye. Kwakuneziqu eziningi zokugeza kanye ne-artel yababazi. Umndeni wakwaSommelev wawuyi-Old Believer, indlela yayo yayingqayizivele, intando yeningi. Amakholwa Adala, bobabili amakhosi nabasebenzi abavamile, babehlala emphakathini onobungane. Balandela imithetho ejwayelekile kubo bonke, izimiso ezingokomoya nezokuziphatha. U-Ivan Shmelev wakhulela esimweni esivumelwaneni esifanayo nobungane. Wathola konke okusemandleni ebuhlotsheni phakathi kwabantu. Eminyakeni eyalandela, lokhu kubonakala kwezingane kubonakala emisebenzini yakhe.

Ukujwayela ngemisebenzi yama-classic

Imfundo yasekhaya ka-Ivan Sergeyevich yayihlala ikakhulukazi nonina. Nguye owafundisa indodana yakhe ukufunda okuningi. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ebuntwaneni, u-Ivan wayejwayele umsebenzi wabalobi abanjengoPushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy, Turgenev nabanye. Ucwaningo lwabo lwaqhubeka phakathi nokuphila kwakhe. U-Ivan Shmelev watadisha endaweni yokuzivocavoca. I-biography yakhe ibonakala ngokujula kolwazi lokubhala. U-Ivan Sergeyevich wafunda ngenjabulo izincwadi zikaLeskov, uKorolenko, Uspensky, uMelkov-Pechensky. Ngomqondo othile, baba izithombe zakhe zokubhala. Yiqiniso, lokhu akuzange kumise ithonya ekubunjweni komlobi wesikhathi esizayo wemisebenzi ngu-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Lokhu kuboniswa ukusebenza kukaShelmelev kamuva: Umqondo Ongunaphakade, Umhlangano Wezimpahla, Imfihlo YePushkin.

Isonto lokubhala

U-Ivan Shmelev, ongu-biography osithandayo, wenza i-debut yakhe njengomlobi ngo-1895. Kulo magazini "Ukubukeza IsiRussia" kwanyatheliswa indaba yakhe "Esigayini." Lo msebenzi ukhuluma ngokubunjwa kobuntu, mayelana nendlela yomuntu ekudaleni ngokubamba ubunzima bokuphila, ukuqondisisa kwezinhloso kanye nezinhlamvu zabantu abavamile.

Incwadi eyaletha ukudumala

Ngemva komshado, ngaya nomkami osemncane esiqhingini saseValaam, lapho kunezakhiwo zamasonto zasendulo nezindlu zendlu, uSedmelev Ivan Sergeevich.

I-biography yabalobi abaningi ibonisa umsebenzi wabo, futhi uShemelev - hhayi okuhlukile. Umphumela walolu hambo kwakuyizincwadi "Emadwaleni e-Valaam ...". Ukushicilelwa kwakhe kuye kwaletha umlobi oqala ukudumazeka okuningi. Iqiniso liwukuthi uPobedonostsev, ihhovisi lomshushisi weSonto Eliyingcwele, lapho leli bhuku lizodlula khona, litholakala emsebenzini wokuhlambalaza. Ekugcineni uShekmele kwadingeka anciphise umbhalo, avuselele umsebenzi, enqabe ukudala kwakhe umvini omisiwe. Lokhu kwamshaya u-Ivan Sergeyevich ngaphandle kwe-rut. Wanquma ukuthi umsebenzi wezincwadi awuyona indlela yakhe. Ngemva kwalokho, u-Ivan Sergeyevich akazange abhale iminyaka engaba ngu-10. Kodwa-ke, kwakudingeka ngandlela-thile asekele umndeni wakhe. Ngakho-ke, nganquma ukuthola umthombo omusha wemali engenayo uShmelev Ivan Sergeevich. I-biography yeminyaka eqhubekayo yokuphila kwayo izoxhunyaniswa nezincwadi. Kodwa ngenkathi enquma ukuthi kwakudingeka enze okunye okunye.

U-Ivan Shmelev uba ngummeli

U-Ivan Sergeevich wanquma ukuya eMoscow University ukuze athole umsebenzi wommeli. Okuningi kushintshile kusukela kulo mzuzu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - imvelo yomlobi. Kulesi sikhungo semfundo isizukulwane se-intelligentsia entsha saqeqeshwa. U-Ivan Sergeevich waxoxisana nabantu abafundele abahlakaniphile, abacebisa futhi bathuthukisa ubuntu bakhe, kanye nobuciko. IYunivesithi yaqeda iziqu ngo-1898. U-Ivan Shmelev wakhonza eMoscow isikhathi eside njengomsizi wommeli (isikhundla esincane). Khona-ke wathuthela eVladimir. Lapha, u-Ivan Sergeevich waqala ukusebenza njengomhloli wentela. Ngisho nakulo msebenzi wesigodi uShekmelev, ekubeni ngumuntu wokudala, wakwazi ukuthola ama-pluses akhe. Wathola ulwazi kanye nokubona ngesikhathi uhambo oluningi oluzungeze isifundazwe, ukuvakashela ama-inns amakhulu. Ngakho kancane kancane imibono eyatholwa ngezincwadi zakhe zesikhathi esizayo.

Buyela Emtatsheni Wokudala

U-Shmelev ngo-1905 wanquma ukubuyela ekubhaliseni. Emaphephandabeni "Ukucabanga KweRussia" nokuthi "Ukufunda Kwezingane," imisebenzi yakhe yaqala ukuvela. Babengamadoda amancane, amahloni amahle, uhlobo lokuhlolwa kukaShekel ngokwakhe emkhakheni wabalobi. Ukungabaza, ekugcineni, kwanyamalala. U-Ivan Sergeevich wagcina eseqine ngokuqinile ekukhethweni okwenziwe. Wanquma ukushiya inkonzo. U-Ivan Shmelev weza enhloko-dolobha. Ngo-1907, kwaqala isigaba esisha somsebenzi wakhe wokubhala.

Kwabe sekuhlangenwe nakho okuwusizo ekukhulumisaneni nabantu, okutholakala ngesikhathi sokuvakashela esifundazweni saseVladimir. Umlobi u-Ivan Shmelev waze waqaphela ukuthi amanye amandla amasha avuthwa phakathi kwabantu, imizwa yokuphikisana iyavela, kukhona ukulungele ushintsho, kubandakanya ngokusebenzisa izinguquko. Ku-prose encane ka-Ivan Sergeevich yonke le mibono yabonakala.

"Ukuhlakazeka"

Ngo-1906, indaba yakhe yabonakala enesihloko esithi "Ukuhlakazeka". Lichaza umlando wobudlelwano phakathi kukababa nendodana yakhe. Ubaba akafuni noma yikuphi ushintsho, usetshenziselwa ukwenza konke indlela endala. Lo ngumnikazi wefektri yezitini. Indodana yakhe, ngokuphambene nalokho, ilanga ushintsho. Igcwele imibono emisha. Ngakho-ke, impikiswano yokukhiqiza yenzeka kwenzeka emndenini owodwa. Ukufa kokubili, leli hero lihola izimo. Isiphetho esibuhlungu, noma kunjalo, asikhuthazi ukukhathazeka nokuzizwa singenathemba.

"Indoda evela ku-Restaurant"

"Indoda evela ku-Restaurant" iyinveli elandelako ka-Shmelev. Ngokuvamile kuthiwa yikhadi lokubiza yalomlobi. Indaba yabonakala ngo-1910. Kwathinta futhi isihloko sebaba nezingane. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi izenzakalo zivela ngaphandle kwesizinda sezinguquko zokuguquka emphakathini. Isikhungo sokunakwa kuka-Ivan Sergeyevich, noma kunjalo, akuyona izinkinga zomphakathi, kodwa ubudlelwane bomuntu, inkinga yokukhetha impilo.

"Inzuzo yokuphila"

U-Shmelev nomkakhe ngemva kokuqubuka kweMpi Yezwe I athuthela endaweni yaseKaluga. Ngalesi sikhathi, uzenzele ukutholakala okusha. Kubonakala ukuthi akugcini nje ukuthi umuntu avuselele empini impi, kodwa futhi ngokuziphatha. Iqhawe lezindaba ezintsha zikaShekmelev "Inzuzo Yokuphila" ngumbazi. Eminyakeni yempi, izindaba zakhe zathuthuka kakhulu ngenxa yemiyalo yeziphambano kanye namakhopho. Ukugeleza kwemali okokuqala kubamba inkosi, kepha ekugcineni wabona ukuthi imali eyayizuzwa ekuhluphekeni kwabantu ayilethi injabulo.

Ukudubula indodana yami

USergei Shmelev, indodana ka-Ivan Sergeyevich, ngokushesha waya phambili. Wasebenza eHhovisi lika-Alushta Commandant, ebuthweni likaWrangel. Lezi zinsuku zase zibalekele ngesikhathi i-Red Army ithatha u-Alushta. Ngakho-ke bekuboshwe eSergei Shmelev. Ubaba wazama ngeze ukwenza konke ukuze asindise indodana yakhe. USergei Shmelev wadutshulwa. Lokhu kwakunzima kakhulu kubazali bakhe.

Ukufuduka

U-Ivan Sergeyevich, ngemva kokubhekana nendlala ngo-1921, wanquma ukuthutha. Okokuqala, kanye nomkakhe, wathuthela eBerlin (ngo-1922), futhi, lapho isimemo sikaBunin, saya eParis (ngo-1923). Lapha waphila impilo yakhe yonke. Iminyaka yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe isigaba esisha hhayi kuphela ekuphileni kukaShekmelev, kodwa nasemsebenzini wakhe.

"Ilanga Labafileyo"

"Sun of the Dead," i-novel-epic eyaziwa kakhulu, yabhalwa ngalesi sikhathi. Lo msebenzi uhunyushwe ngesiNgisi, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi nezinye izilimi. Incwadi kaShekmev yayitholakalisiwe nje kuphela ezindlini, kodwa nasezincwadini zomhlaba. Emsebenzini ka-Ivan Sergeyevich, kwenziwa umzamo wokubheka ngobuqotho isimo esiyinhloko sengozi eyayihlela umphakathi waseRussia.

"Ihlobo leNkosi" (u-Ivan Shmelev)

Imisebenzi ka-Ivan Sergeevich yadalwa ngesikhathi esinzima ezweni lethu. Imidwebo yeminyaka yamuva eRussia yakha isisekelo senanothi elandelayo ka-Shmelev, "Ihlobo leNkosi." Umlobi, odweba izithombe zeholide yama-Orthodox, wembula umphefumulo wabantu baseRussia. Ephendukela ebuntwaneni, u-Ivan Sergeyevich wathatha umbono wezwe ngumntwana okholwayo, owamukela ngokuthembeka uNkulunkulu wakhe enhliziyweni. Isimo somthengisi nendawo ehlala encwadini ayibonakali "umbuso omnyama," kepha izwe eliphilayo nelibalulekile eligcwele isiko langaphakathi, impilo ephathekayo, isintu nothando. UShemelev akade nomqondo wokuthandana noma wokuthandana. Ubonisa indlela yangempela yokuphila, hhayi ukufihla izinhlangothi zalo ezinonya nobandlululo, "izinhlungu" zayo. Ngomphefumulo omsulwa wengane, ukuphila kubonakaliswe ikakhulukazi ngecala layo elijabulisayo, elikhanyayo. Ukuba khona kwamaqhawe kuhlobene eduze nokukhulekelwa nokuphila kwesonto. Ngokokuqala ngqa ezincwadini zokubhala ezifuywayo, isakhiwo esibalulekile sokuphila kwabantu-isonto nenkolo-kwakhiwe kabusha ngokugcwele futhi ngokujulile. Emibhalweni yokuthandaza yamaqhawe, okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwengqondo, impilo engokomoya yomKristu ibonakalisiwe.

"I-Nanny yaseMoscow"

In the novel by Ivan Sergeevich "Nanny kusuka eMoscow" kuthiwa mayelana nesiphetho owesifazane elula owaba intando yezimo eParis. Umlobi uqhuba indaba yakhe esebenzisa amathoni azwelayo ngamanothi e-irony emnene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umfundi uzwa ubuhlungu nokudabuka okukhulu ngokuphathelene nomlobi. Lo msebenzi ubhalwe ngendlela yendaba, uStmelev oyintandokazi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umlobi uthole ukuphathwa okungalinganiswanga kuwo. I-nanny ka-Daria Stepanovna ibonakala ngokuthula kwangaphakathi, ukholo olujulile, impilo engokomoya kanye nomusa ongenamkhawulo. Umhlengikazi womhlengikazi uyintombazane engenangqondo, engenandaba, engenangqondo. Umbhali ubonisa uhlamvu lwakhe ngomqondo omuhle.

"Indlela Yasezulwini"

U-Shmelev Ivan Sergeevich, owenza imisebenzi esichazayo, waqala ukusebenza encwadini yakhe elandelayo ebizwa ngokuthi "Izindlela Zasezulwini" futhi waqeda. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi u-Olga, umkakhe othandekayo, wadlula ngemuva kokugula. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1933. U-Shmelev Ivan Sergeevich akazange amele ukuhlala kwakhe ngaphandle kwalona wesifazane. Umlobi kwakudingeka akhuthazele ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Wayezoqhubeka noveli yakhe, kodwa impilo yakhe yayeka ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo.

U-Ivan Sergeyevich Shmelev ushone ngoJuni 24, 1950.