Izincwadi ezingu-13 zonke izithakazelo zomlobi okufanele zifunde

Ngo-1934 insizwa okuthiwa u-Arnold Samuelson isanda kuphumelela esikoleni se-journalism. Ufunde indaba emfushane ngu-Ernest Hemingway, kamuva owaba yingxenye yombhalo wesine womlobi "Ukuba nokungenayo." USamuelson walithanda le ndaba kangangokuthi wahamba esuka eMinnesota yakhe ukuya eFlorida ukuyohlangana noHemingway futhi ecela iseluleko sendlela yokuba umbhali. Ngo-1935 wabhala isihloko esizinikezele engxoxweni yakhe nenkosi, ukuze umfundi ngamunye aqonde ulwazi lwakhe oluwusizo. Uma ufuna ukwakha umsebenzi ofanele ukunakekelwa, kufanele ufunde kubalobi abakhulu besikhathi esidlule. Umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu, ngokusho kukaHemingway, - kulolu hlu.

"Madame Bovary", uGustave Flaubert

Le noveli ehlongoziwe izinikezelwe endabeni yokuphila yenye yezinhlamvu ezithakazelisayo kunazo zonke zezincwadi zomhlaba - u-Emma Bovary. Akajabuli nomuntu ozinikeleyo, udokotela wesifundazwe ongathandeki. U-Emma uzama ukumelana nokukhathazeka empilweni yakhe, egcwele amaphupho othando. Noma kunjalo, izifiso zakhe zokuzizwa ziholela ekuhluphekeni nasekuhlulekeni. Qinisekisa ukuthi uyazi kahle le ndaba emangalisayo, ngisho noma ungahle uhlele ukuba umbhali. Leli bhuku okufanele lifunde kuwo wonke umuntu.

U-Anna Karenina, uLeon Tolstoy

Le ncwadi ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kulotshiwe kuwo wonke umlando. Lona inkaba kaTolstoy, indaba ejwayelekile mayelana nothando nokuphinga ngokulandelana kwempilo yomphakathi ophakeme waseMoscow naseSt. Petersburg. Indaba ecebile, eyinkimbinkimbi yenanveli isitshela ngothando olubuhlungu phakathi kuka-Anna, owesifazane oshadile oshadile, noVronsky, isikhulu sezempi esicebile. I-Tolstoy ihlukanisa kalula izimpilo zabalingiswa abayishumi nambili, ekwakheni ithova elithakazelisayo mayelana nokuphila ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.

I "Dubliners", uJames Joyce

Inkulumo kaJacob Joyce I-Dubliners iyimifanekiso ecacile yaseDublin ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Lezi zindaba eziyishumi nanhlanu ezenza kube lula ukuqonda umuzi uJoyce azalwa ngawo. Le noveli idlulisa ubuqili bekulumo yabakwaDublin futhi, ngobuqiniso obubi, ikhuluma ngokuphila kwabo kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Uma uthanda izincwadi zesiNgisi kanye ne-postmodernism, kufanele wazi kahle lo msebenzi wokubhala. Ngokujwayelekile wonke umuntu uzama ukufunda "u-Ulysses" kaJoyce, kodwa "iDublin" akuyona into embi nakakhulu, nakuba engaziwa kangako.

"Umthwalo wesifiso somuntu, uSomerset Maugham

Ishicilelwe okokuqala ngo-1915, leveli inobuciko obucacile bamandla okukhangwa ngokocansi nokufuna inkululeko yendoda yanamuhla. Leliveli enhle yokukhulisa, eyanikezelwa emlandweni kaFilip Carey, umfana ozwelayo onokukhubazeka oba yincandane futhi ekhuliswa umalume wakhe nonina. UFiliphu amaphupho adventure, eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili uhamba ekhaya futhi uya eParis ukuba abe umculi. Khona-ke ubuyela eLondon ukuyohlola imithi, lapho ehlangana noMildred okhangayo - futhi uqala ukubhujiswa ukuhluleka indaba yothando ezoshintsha impilo yeqhawe.

"Olubomvu futhi omnyama," Stendhal

UJulien Sorel onomdlandla futhi onomdlandla ufuna ukuphakama ngaphezu kwesizinda sakhe esincane esizimele futhi azuze ekuphileni kweziqongo, esebenzisa ukuzenzisa, ngokwemithetho umphakathi ohlala kuyo. U-Julien wenza ngokushesha ubugebengu - ngenxa yethando, isimiso noma ubuhlanya - futhi ngenxa yalokhu, ukuwa kwakhe kwenzeka futhi. Inkulumo ethi "Olubomvu Nemnyama" iyisithombe esithandekayo esithinta umphakathi waseFrance ngemuva kweManziloo, ehlushwa inkohlakalo, ukuhaha nokukhunjulwa.

"Impi Nokuthula", uLeon Tolstoy

Incwadi kaTolstoy inikezelwe empilweni yemindeni emihlanu ephikisana nokuphila empini yeNapoleonic. Phakathi kwezinhlamvu eziningi ezingenakulibaleka, iNkosana Andrew Bolkonsky uyaphuma, indoda eyaziqhenya, indoda eqinile, ephikisana nokuqamba komphakathi ophakeme, iya phambili ukuze izuze inkazimulo. Ulimala kakhulu e-Austerlitz, ngenxa yalokho aqonda ukungabi nalutho kwemigomo ayilwela. Isimo sokufa kwakhe kubhekwa njengenye yezintandokazi ezincwadini zaseRussia.

"Buddenbrooks", uToman Mann

Leveli yanyatheliswa okokuqala eJalimane ngo-1900, lapho uMann eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu kuphela. Waba yincwadi ekhululekile. Lena indaba mayelana nokuphila kwezizukulwane ezine zomndeni ocebile wezimbongolo ezenyakatho yeJalimane. Ngekhono elimangalisayo, uMann wenza isithombe sokuphila okuphakathi (ukuzalwa, ubhapathizo, umshado, isehlukaniso nokufa, impumelelo nokuncipha). Zonke lezi zenzakalo ezijwayelekile, ezifana kakhulu, ziguquke kancane uma izizukulwane zidlula.

"Yibusise futhi Ulale", uGeorge Moore

Le noveli, engahunyushiwe ngesiRashiya, ibhekwa njengomsebenzi owubuciko ka Moore. Wathonya kakhulu imibono yezibalo ze-Renaissance yokubhala nge-Irish. Ngomsebenzi wakhe omangalisayo, uMorell ukhuluma ngezemidlalo kanye nabahlanganyeli bawo, wabelane ngemibono ejulile ngezincwadi nobuciko, kanye nokuphila kwezenhlalo nezenkolo zesikhathi sakhe.

Abafowethu Karamazov, uFyodor Dostoevsky

Ngesikhathi u-Fyodor Karamazov engumnikazi onesihluku ebulawa, izimpilo zamadodana akhe zishintshwa ngokungazelelwe: UMitya ungaphansi kokusola ngenxa yokuphikisana njalo noyise, u-Ivan wengqondo ubhekene nokuhlupheka kwengqondo okuholela ekuqhekekeni, kanti u-Alyosha ongokomoya uzama ukulungisa inkinga yomndeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kule noveli kukhona isibalo Smerdyakov, isigamu-umfowabo.

Igumbi Elikhulu, u-Edward Cummings

Lo mbhali akawazi kahle kakhulu umfundi weRussia ngenxa yokungabi khona kwezinguqulo. Le ncwadi iyinveli yomlando ka-1922, enikezwe ukuboshwa okwesikhashana eFrance phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. UCummings wakhonza njengomshayeli we-ambulensi ngesikhathi sempi. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1917, yena nomngani wakhe baboshwa iziphathimandla zaseFrance ngokuhambisa amapheshana amelene nempi. UCummings wayenethuba lokubalekela, kodwa wasekela umngane futhi ngenxa yalokho wagcina ejele. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe ejele, uchaze encwadini.

"Wuthering Heights", u-Emily Bronte

I-Lockwood, umhlali omusha we-Skvortsov Manor, uvela phakathi kwemifula e-gloomy York. Uvele eWuthering Heights estate, lapho efunda ngochungechunge lwezenzakalo zomzwelo ezenzeka eminyakeni eminingana ngaphambili. Ama-Classical of the noveli yesiNgisi ahlolwe izikhathi eziningi. Uma ufuna ukuba nombono wezinye zezincwadi ezibaluleke kakhulu kumasiko wase-UK, kufanele ufunde leveli enhle kakhulu ngu-Emily Bronte.

"Kudala," uWilliam Hudson

UWilliam Henry Hudson wayengumlobi, isayensi yemvelo kanye no-ornithologist. Wazalelwa e-Argentina futhi wasebenzisa ubusha bakhe ekutadisheni izitshalo nezilwane zasendaweni, ebona isimo kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu okuthukuthele ezweni elikude eNingizimu Melika. Lokhu kuyisampula esithakazelisayo nesingavamile yezincwadi, okufanele ukujwayele wonke umuntu.

"American", uHenry James

Le noveli kaHenry James iyinhlanganisela engavamile yokudlalwa komphakathi nomculo we-melodrama, ozinikezele ekuzijabuliseni nasekuhlulekeni kukaChristopher Newman, osomabhizinisi waseMelika onomusa kodwa oyisiwula ohamba phambili eYurophu. U-Newman ufuna ukuthola izwe elisha elingabonakali njengento elula futhi enobudlova yebhizinisi eMelika. Uyayazi izinhlangothi ezinhle futhi ezimbi zaseYurophu futhi uyaqonda ukuthi akukho lutho olungathathwa ngokungaqondakali. Ukugxila kwenveli kaNewman enomfelokazi osemusha ovela emndenini ohloniphekile waseParis.