Vsevolod Ivanov. Umlobi nomlando wakhe

UVsevolod Ivanov ungumlobi nomdlali wezemidlalo osebenza eSoviet Union. Abahlaziyi bezincwadi babhala imisebenzi yakhe abazinikele emzabalazweni wokunqoba kwamandla aseSoviet eningizimu yeSiberia. Ngomnyaka we-1920 wayeyilungu le-Young Writers 'Union "uSerapion Brothers". Wayebhekwa njengenkosi ye-prose ornamental. Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, wanikeza iSiberia ngendlela yakhe, ebonisa ukuthi wayengavamile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ubuhle basendle.

I-biography yomlobi

Wazalwa ngo-1895, uVsevolod Ivanov. Umlobi wazalwa esifundeni saseSemipalatinsk. Emzaneni omncane waseLebyazhye ePavlodar Andzd. Namuhla lesi sifunda siyingxenye yeKazakhstan. Manje umzana wase-Akku usezindaweni zendawo, lapho abantu abangaphansi kuka-3 000 bahlala khona.

Unina wayenguPoland ngokuzalwa, abazali bakhe baboshwa ejele. Ubaba wasebenza emayini, wabe eseba uthisha wendawo. Kodwa-ke, impilo ehlehlisiwe emayini ayikwazanga ukubuyiselwa. Wafa kusenesikhathi. U-Ivanov ngokwakhe wathi wazizwa ngesi-Kazakh negazi laseRussia, kodwa nakuba isiRashiya sasinqoba.

Intsha yomlobi wesikhathi esizayo yabanjwa ezindaweni zaseNtshonalanga Siberia. Ngenxa yenkinga yomndeni, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuqeda isikole. Kwadingeka ngifunde indlela yokuthola imali ekuqaleni, funda imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.

Ngezikhathi ezahlukene uVsevolod wasebenza njengomqambi endlini yokunyathelisa, umkhumbi nomkhumbi ngisho nekisikiti. Wenzani konke ukudla umndeni wakhe. Phakathi nale minyaka wayesehlala eKurgan, e-Omsk naseNovokolakolaevsk.

Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wokubhala

Ngo-1915, uVsevolod Ivanov oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala waqala ukunyathelisa emaphephandabeni. Umlobi ushicilela indaba yakhe yokuqala. Ngo-1919 wanyathelisa incwadi ehlukile yencwadi yakhe ethi "Rogulki." Wazibhala ngokuzimela futhi washicilela endlini yokunyathelisa yephephandaba i-Vperyod e-Omsk. Le ncwadi yanyatheliswa ngokusabalalisa okukhulu-amakhophi angu-30.

Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuba ubaleke empilweni yezombusazwe enzima. Lokhu kwehlulekile, no-Ivanov. Uhlanganyela emnyakeni wokuziphendulela. Okokuqala ngakolunye uhlangothi lweSocialist-Revolutionaries, ke iMensheviks. Kamuva wajoyina iqembu labasebenzi baseRussia labasebenzi bamazwe ngamazwe. Umsekeli walo uba e-Omsk ngo-1918.

Ngemva kokunqoba kwe-Revolution ka-Okthoba, iqembu lamazwe ngamazwe lijoyina amaBolsheviks. Ukuhlangenwe nakho kweqembu lika-Ivanov kubalwa ukubamba ubulungu be-akhawunti ne-RSDP. Ekugcineni wangena e-Red Army. Akahlanganyeli ngokuqondile empini, ulawula umnyango wolwazi ekomidini eliphezulu lesifundazwe.

Ivanov e-Petrograd

Ngo-1921 uVsevolod Ivanov wathumela umsebenzi okhethekile kuPetrograd. Umlobi uhlangana noGorky, udlulisela izincomo zephephandaba elithi "Siberia Soviet". Siyabonga kanye nomqondo owenziwe kumuntu ohlonishwayo waseSoviet, inkulumo yakhe ethi "Partisans" ifakwe emagazini wokuqala wokuqala we-magazine "Krasnaya Nov." Ngenkinga yesihlanu, uVsevolod Ivanov ushicilela omunye wemisebenzi yakhe. Umlobi ushicilela inkaba "Isitimela esinamandla 14-69". Kamuva kuyo isekelwe ekudlaleni kwegama elifanayo.

Ekuqaleni wayeyilungu leqembu labafundisi be-proletarian uCosmist, kamuva waba nengxenye emisebenzini yabakwaSerapion Brothers. Kusukela ama-mid-20-ies athatha ukuhamba esuka eSiberia aye eMoscow.

Ukuhlangana noStalin

UVsevolod Ivanov - umbhali esithombeni sakhe esivela emakhasini omagazini bombhalo, ngo-1932 wahlanganyela emhlanganweni odumile we-creative intelligentsia nekhanda likahulumeni uJoseph Stalin.

Ukuxhumana kwenzeka enkampanini ekhululekile futhi ekamelweni endlini yaseMaxim Gorky. Wayephethe nezikhulu ezimbalwa eziphezulu - uKlim Voroshilov, uLara Kaganovich, uVyacheslav Molotov, uPavel Postyshev.

Ngokuba iwayini kanye nabalobi be-appetizers kanye nabaholi beSoviet Union baxoxe ngendaba ebalulekile - ukudala inhlangano yabalobi. U-Stalin wakhiqiza inqubomgomo yeqembu ngokubhekelela izincwadi, wathembisa zonke izinhlobo zesekelo nokusekelwa. Ngemizamo, uVsevolod Ivanov naye wakhuluma. Umlobi, owaziwa ngaye ngokuphathelene nokusebenza ngeMpi Yombango kanye namandla aseSoviet, wasekela lo mbono. Ngokushesha kwagcwaliseka.

Izihloko zemisebenzi emisha u-Ivanov wayevame ukufuna iqiniso elizungezile. Eminyakeni engama-30 wahamba nabanye abalobi ohambweni lokuzibona ngeso lengqondo ukwakhiwa kweCan Sea-Baltic Canal. Kamuva wajoyina iqembu labalobi ababhala incwadi ethi "I-White Sea-Baltic Canal egama layo linguStalin: Umlando Wokwakha."

Ngo-1934 wabamba iqhaza enkulumweni yokuqala yabalobi baseSoviet. Lokho abakushoyo endlini yaseGorky ekugcineni baqaphela. U-Ivanov waba omunye wabalobi enkomfeni. Wabuye wathola isikhundla sikaSihlalo webhodi lesikhwama sokubhala.

Ngokuqhamuka kweMpi Yezwe Elikhulu, waxoshwa eTashkent. Ube eseqala ukusebenza njengomlobi we-frontline ephephandabeni i-Izvestia. Kanye namabutho aseSoviet wafika eBerlin.

Wafa eMoscow eneminyaka engu-68 ubudala. Ukungcwaba emathuneni aseNovodevichy.

Ubuciko Ivanova

UVsevolod Ivanov wangena ezincwadini zeSoviet njengomlobi wezindaba ze-adventure. Umlobi, ogama lakhe lashicilelwa kumamagazini nakwezinye izinhlelo ezihlukene, likhunjulwa ngabafundi ngezindaba "Imimoya Yemibala", "Abaqashi", "Isitimela Sokuzivikela 14-69". Kuyaziwa amanoveli akhe "I-Kremlin" ne "Blue Sands", imisebenzi emangalisayo "Agasfer", "Sisyphus, indodana ka-Aeolus." Ngo-1932 wanyathelisa i-anti-utopia "U".

Ubhale imisebenzi eminingi ye-autobiographical. Okudume kakhulu kubo "Indaba Yezincwadi Zami", "Siya eNdiya", "I-Adventures ye-Fakir".

Ngokusho kwendodana yeqhawe le-athikili yethu, uStalin wayethanda futhi wazisa imisebenzi yakhe. Ngokombono wakhe, u-Ivanov wayengumlobi owadinga abantu. Umlobi, indaba ethi "Dite" owabhala, kulo lonke umsebenzi wakhe wasekela umbuso waseSoviet. Ngandlela-thile, "Dite" kwakungenye yezintandokazi zikaStalin. Ukuqala kwalendzaba mayelana nokungabi namandla kokuphila komuntu ngaphambi kwezakhi ezimbi zeMpi Yombango, waze wakhumbula ngenhliziyo.

Ukuphila komuntu womlobi

U-Ivanov wayeseshade kathathu. Ngomkakhe wokuqala wahlukana ePetrograd. Umkakhe ozithandayo uMaria Nikolaevna Sinitsyna wamngcwaba nephoyisa laseCzech futhi washiya izwe.

Ngo-1922 washada no-Anna Pavlova Vesnina. Babenendodakazi, uMaria, owakhetha umsebenzi njengomculi. Wadlala eMoscow Drama Theater. Ngo-1927, lo mbhangqwana wahlukana.

Umkakhe wesithathu kwakunguTamara Kashirina, owayeneminyaka engama-5 emncane. Lapho beshada, uTamara usevele enabantwana ababili - indodakazi kaTatyana nendodana kaMikhail (uyise wayengomunye umbhali odumile u-Isaak Babel). Kamuva babe nengane evamile, okuthiwa uVyacheslav. Waba yisilimi esidumile.