Isihenqo ukuthi amagama leduna isiRashiya? Isihenqo ukuthi amagama amadoda angaphandle sika?

Njengoba izikole abaningi baye bafunda umthetho, musa bayithambekise indlela yokubiza amagama nezindlela ukulotshwa amagama abesifazane ku izimo, futhi amadoda - kunalokho, kwachazwa ukuthi lisetshenziswa ngendlela tiphawulo efanayo noma amabizo. Ngakho noma ngabe elula, nokuthi amagama owesilisa angaphandle isiRashiya sithambekele - ukuthi isihloko lesi sihloko, esekelwe wokulandisa we LP Kalakutsky eshicilelwe ngo-1984.

Ukubaluleka

Kunezimo eziningi lapho umbhalo abanekhono futhi indlela efanele yokubiza amagama lwamagama ezimweni ezahlukene kubalulekile:

• Ingane yaqala ukufunda esikoleni, futhi kubalulekile ukuba asayine nencwajana yokubhalela noma idayari kahle.
• Youth noma omdala ndoda ukhishwa idiploma noma incwadi yokubonga.
• On esingathi sína ukumemezela okukhipha noma ukusebenza indoda ngegama kuyinkimbinkimbi. Kuyinto ezingathandeki, uma lokho kuzokwenza siphambane.
• Lapho senza izincwadi ezibalulekile (isitifiketi, I diploma) noma ukulungiswa icala izinto ukusungulwa izibopho zomkhaya (egumeni, wokulungisa izivumelwano).
• Ukuze ukwazi ukuthi amagama owesilisa abathambekele, kubalulekile ukuba abantu ukuzibonakalisa eziningi, ekubhekaneni yokubhaliswa amafayela siqu noma amanye amaphepha ibhizinisi.

amagama Russian

I izibongo ezivamile eRussia - ne tijobelelo - ck (-tsk) s (-ev) e (-yn): Razumovsky, Slutsky, Ivan Turgenev, Mukhin, Sinitsyn. Bonke bangabangasokile lula ayokwelusa, njengoba tiphawulo abavamile, futhi insikazi, nobulili besilisa. Ukwehluka - izibongo Female, ndweni', ekupheleni okuyinto kunjalo prepositional Kuthi sihluke bendabuko.

amagama Foreign nge Isijobelelo ndweni' (-yn) futhi ube lokungafani necala Russian wezinsimbi. Cabangela isibonelo esilandelayo:

Isihenqo ukuthi igama besilisa ku th lokususa Isijobelelo - ck, okuyinto atholakala e-Russia (UTolstoy, zinsizwa, ezomile)? Abambalwa (emisebenzini zesayensi ku kolimi kufanele uhlu lwabo ephelele), kulula ukushintsha izimo isiphawulo efanayo ngempela enesiphetho efanayo.

amagama Ukrainian

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke igama Ukraine - ku -enko futhi ko: Bondarenko, Lucko, Molodyko. Uma ubheka izincwadi Russian, imisebenzi yobuciko (A. P. chehov, isibonelo), abalobi kunalokho bahumusha zokubhala amathekisthi abo ukulandisa zabantu, futhi laba sebuningini: "Asihambe ekuvakasheni Bondarenko."

Lokhu akulungile, ngoba isipelingi olusemthethweni lihlukile imisebenzi yobuciko kanye ukukhuluma. Impendulo yombuzo ophathelene nokuthi amadoda bavame izibongo Ukrainian - EHKO futhi ko, elula - akukho. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ngibhala incwadi ukuze Oleg Bondarenko.
• Uneziqu lithandana Ivan Lucko.

Futhi lokho kusebenza kuwo wonke amagama umsuka Ukrainian, ngisho ezifana ezingavamile njengoba Alehno, Rushailo, Soap, Oatmeal. Ungalokothi uncike le -ago nesibongo, -ovo, -yago: Vodolaga, Durnovo, Dubyago. Futhi kuthiwani yibo ukuqeda ngongwaqa?

Amagama a -k ungwaqa

Ngokomlando, tijobelelo -uk (-yuk) kubonisa noma umngane womshado, noma umsuka semantic: indodana Ivan - Ivanchuk, Umsizi Cooper - Bondarchuk. Ngokwezinga elikhulu bona esivela engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Ukraine, kodwa esakazwa ezizweni zonke Slavic. Isihenqo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi elesilisa izibongo - uk?

Ngokusho imithetho amagama abesifazane Russian sika azishintshiwe amacala, kodwa amadoda, ephela ngo ungwaqa (ngaphandle - the -njengoba ekupheleni, -S), ukuncika nsuku saziso:

• Ngabhalela incwadi ukuze Olga Dimitryuk.
• Ngacelwa ukuba uvakashele Igor Shevchuk.
• Muva nje ngibona Sergei Ignatiuk.

Isihloko ukushintsha izimo namagama azo zonke uzwakalise emabito: Imvukuzane, impisi, umoya, A insika. Kukhona omunye ubuhlakani: uma igama Slavic, atholakalayo unkamisa engumbaleki impande engafakwanga njalo. Ilungelo labaqeqeshi kubalulekile kadokotela yayo, nakuba imithombo abaningi abawukholelwa yokubiza okungalungile ngaphandle kwalo. Njengoba isibonelo, cabanga igama Hare. Ngokuvamile uthi: "Uthe kuze kwabizwa Ivan Hare." Lokhu kwamukeleka, kodwa ngaphezulu ngendlela efanele: "Uthe kuze kwabizwa Ivanu Zayatsu."

Enwetshiwe ku-Ukraine futhi amagama ku -tuples, -IR: Pochinok, Gorelik. Ukwazi umthetho ukuthi amagama zonke madoda ongwaqa ekupheleni ushintsho ku izimo, kuba lula ukuphendula umbuzo ukuthi amagama amadoda mafutha ku -k:

• Weza endlini Ilya Pochinka (lapha unkamisa runaway ubalekela).
• Wayazi Larisa Petrik.

Okuhlukile ngokuqondene nalo mthetho

AmaSlav ngokuvamile zitholakala ekupheleni emndenini yabo (-S): Black, Ilyinskikh. Engxenyeni yokuqala lwamagama amadoda XX leminyaka nge eziyimpumelelo efanayo zivame washintsha izimo. Ngokwe nemithetho isiRashiya namuhla akulungile.

Umsuka kulamagama kusukela plural isiphawulo kudinga kulondolozwe bazikhohlwe:

• Wazamazamisa izandla noPetru Bela sika.

Nakuba ekugcineni futhi kukhona ungwaqa, kuba ngaphandle nemithetho, okuyinto kudingeka wazi, lapho bebuzwa ukuthi amagama amadoda mafutha sika.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu okwandile iphela ku -H: Stojkovic, Rabinovich, Gorbach. Nansi ojwayelekile:

• Ilinde ukuvakashelwa Amalotha Rabinovich.
• Anna Porhachev ethanda ngempela lo mbukiso.

izibongo Armenia

Armenia - izwe elincane elinabantu abantu ngokulambisa ezingaphezu kuka-3 million. Kodwa abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-8.5. Diaspora ukuphila kwamanye amazwe, ngakho izibongo Armenia kuvamile kakhulu. Bavame bungabonakala ekupheleni wendabuko - en (Yang): Avdzhan, Dzhigarkhanyan. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakukhona ifomu zakudala ngaphezulu umndeni: -ants (-yants) -unts, okuyinto namuhla lenzelwa eningizimu Armenia Kurants, Sarkisyants, Tonunts. Ingabe igama yokuncika amadoda Armenia sika?

On ke angaphansi kwemithetho ka isiRashiya, okwakubekelwa okukhulunywe ngaye esihlokweni. nesibongo zabesilisa lehamba ekupheleni, ukuba ukwehla amacala:

• kanye Armen Avdzhanom (lapho "kanye anush Avdzhan");
• Ngibuke ifilimu Starring George Tonuntsa (i- "ifilimu Starring Lily Tonunts").

Ukuphelisa e onkamisa

Hlala amagama amadoda ingashintshiwe, uma bekhona, kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi yabo noma ubulungu ezweni elithile, ephela ngo onkamisa okulandelayo: kanye, s, v, w, e, f Isibonelo :. Gandhi Dzhusoyty Shoigu, Camus, Maigret, Manet. Kulokhu, akunandaba, ngolokuqala noma ukucindezeleka ilunga lokugcina luwela. Lokhu kuwa amagama baseMoldova, Indian, isiFulentshi, isiGeorgia, Italy kanye Turkish. Isibonelo: "Muva nje, ukufunda izinkondlo by Shota Rustaveli." Kodwa uma amadoda sithambekele igama - futhi (I)?

Lapha kukhona ezimbili ongakhetha kukhona, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwethula kuzo etafuleni:

Ukuhlanganisa ulwazi ukuthi amadoda sithambekele igama - futhi linikeza algorithm kungaba ezandleni zakho.

amagama-German

Umsuka amagama zamaJalimane efana ngomlando wabo kwamanye amazwe: iningi lisuselwa emagameni abantu, amagama ezindawo, isidlaliso noma umsebenzi abathwali yabo.

I zokuhlala iVolga amaJalimane ekhulwini XVIII kwaholela yokuthi emibhalweni yabo ngesiRashiya ngokuvamile yenziwa ezinamaphutha, eziningi kangaka lamagama efanayo ne kwehlukana umgomo owodwa noma emibili izincwadi. Kodwa eqinisweni benjalo, ngaphandle ezingavamile, ephela ngo ungwaqa, ngakho umbuzo ngabe mafutha amagama besilisa isiJalimane, singasho ngokungananazi: yebo. Okuhlukile: Goethe, Heine, u-Otto abanye, ephela ngo a unkamisa.

Njengoba amagama German ukushintsha ku izimo, kufanele esihlukile Slavic. Ngaphezu evamile, ezifana Muller, Hoffmann, Wittgenstein, Wolf, kukhona isiphetho sabo: Dietrich, Freundlich, Ulrich. I izibongo Russian phambi ongwaqa -njengoba akuvamile elithambile, ifa ngazimbili okuqinile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ulimi cishe lapho Lizinga nge eziyisisekelo ezifanayo. amagama Slavic, ngokuphambene, German, hhayi unqabile (Okwesihlanu, Borovskikh).

Uma ekupheleni le -B noma th

Umthetho ngawo amadoda bavame igama, kokuba njengoba isisekelo ngokuvumelana akupheli, futhi kusebenza ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho ukuphela lufakwa -B noma th. Ziyashiyashiyana esimweni njengoba emabito noma oluphathelene naye lowo isiZulu yesibili. Nokho, esimweni wezinsimbi ikakhulukazi isiphetho - om (it). Ziqondakala njengoba angaphandle. Ukuze siphendule umbuzo wokuthi amadoda sithambekele igama th -B, cabangela isibonelo:

• Nominative (ngubani?): Vrubel, Gaidai;
• Genitive (obani?): Vrubel, Hyde;
• Umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi (ngubani?): Vrubel, Gaidai;
• Umenziwa wesenzo (ngubani?): Vrubel, Hyde;
• Instrumental (obani?): Vrubel, Gaidai;
• Prepositional (ulenzela bani?): Mayelana Vrubel mayelana Gaidai.

Umthetho has okuhlukile. Ngakho, ungenciki amagama ezingezwani (ravioli), futhi kuhambisane igama lwendawo (Uruguay, Taiwan). Ngisho noma uphawu ezithambile imele ngemva elinamakhasi (Ebusuku, Mouse), isibongo elincike okufushane besilisa.

amagama Double nemisho lemagalagala

, EVietnam futhi Korea zihlukile kuleyo izakhamuzi zakhona kukhona izibongo kwakwakhe, eyakhiwa amazwi ambalwa. Uma iphele ungwaqa ke ukuncika imithetho jikelele, kodwa kuphela ingxenye yalo yokugcina. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Salalela kuso, Kim Chen Ira.

Russian izibongo double sithambekele nhlangothi zombili imithetho jikelele:

• Petrov-Vodkin isithombe;
• Theatre Nemirovich-Danchenko.

Uma ingxenye yokuqala yegama akuyona, futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile akashintshi esimweni:

• gxuma Ter-Hovhannisyan;
• umkhiqizo Demuth-Malinovsky.

Ingabe amadoda bavame amagama nezinye izifundazwe zakwamanye amazwe kuncike ngokuphelele imithetho lolimi Russian, njengoba kushiwo esihlokweni. Wahlala umbuzo engaphenduliwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa ubuningi noma asebunyeni le okubaliwe sabantu ababili.

Bunye nebunyenti

Kwezinye izimo, ubuningi isetshenziswa, futhi lapho inombolo eyodwa, kungcono kakhulu kubonakala ithebula:

amagama Male, ngokungafani abesifazane, mafutha, kodwa kukhona izimo eziningi echazwe esihlokweni, kunjalo futhi hhayi ishintshe. The main zindlela - kuyinto siphetfo amagama ezweni lendabuko.