"Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso": izinkinga. nezindaba Ukuziphatha inoveli Fyodor Dostoyevsky sika

Inoveli Dostoevsky sika "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso", izinkinga zazo sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo, ingenye izibonelo ezibaluleke kakhulu izincwadi Russian, njengoba kubalulekile nezindaba global nokukhathazeka useyingane. Ngaphambi umfundi kuvula zwe eliyinkimbinkimbi zokufuna, nemizwa engaphakathi, izifiso namaqhawe abangekho umzabalazo okubuhlungu zibhekana nokungabi namthetho kwemvelo, futhi singazijabulisi thina. Kuchazwe ukuwa kwawo okungokomoya futhi kuwenze nokuzalwa kabusha okwalandela kule noveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso". Izinkinga yalo msebenzi kusenza sicabange eziningi. Amazing ukujula izingxabano futhi abalingisi ukuvezwa kuthinta le noveli. Kuyo F. M. Dostoevsky wachaza nemibono ephakeme kanye nezifiso. Konke lokhu kanye exinwe abafundi abaningi kube yilolu suku.

Izimpikiswano main ephakanyiswe umsebenzi

Ukutshela indaba yomphefumulo elahlekile, zishintshe kamuva umlobi akamane nje uchaze indlela eyinkimbinkimbi wayeyiqhawe, iphutha endleleni, usizi nokuzisola. F. M. Dostoevsky (portrait wakhe uvezwa esihlokweni) isifikisa indlela zabo ziyaphikisana futhi kunzima lokuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo zokuziphatha abasondelene zonke, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo eziyinkimbinkimbi enjalo.

Kungani abantu uyakufanelekela - ezihlakaniphile, ihloniphekile ngokwethembeka, uhlobo - engafa ubumpofu, kuyilapho Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphathwa ukululazwa oyisiphukuphuku, enonya futhi ezimbi abantu, ezingenamsebenzi abahlala ingcebo okunethezeka? Kuyini ngesiphambeko izingane abampofu? Phela, nabo basuke kwadingeka ukuba ahlupheke futhi bahlushwa yisifo nendlala. Yini olungisisa khona kwalezi umyalo emhlabeni nokuthi kungashintshwa? Iyini injongo yomuntu? Kungani khona ukwahlukana phakathi "unelungelo" okungase kwephule isimilo nokuphila "isidalwa esenyanyekayo", okuyinto kwenqatshelwe? Zonke lezi zinkinga bayavuswa ngumlobi kule noveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso". Indaba yakhe kakhulu Ibonisani isibonelo indlela yokuphila ka Rodion Raskolnikov.

Indlela Rodion Raskolnikov

Rodion Raskolnikov, iqhawe Dostoevsky sika, ongafuni ukuba ahole bahlupha phakathi okuthiwa "isidalwa esenyanyekayo" ongenakuqamba ushintshe noma yini emhlabeni, uzama ngezikaNkulunkulu ngokwabo ukuze isigaba uNapoleon, owavumela zonke abangazazisi imithetho futhi Ungasetha bebodwa. Nokho, lendlela ngakho ayilula kangako. Ukudalula indaba Raskolnikov bophezela ubugebengu kanye nesijeziso okwalandela ngaye, Dostoevsky kuziwa ezinye izici ezivamile ekuphileni okungokomoya futhi yayinjani inhlalo, ukuziphatha kanye izimpikiswano ngokuphathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha ebhekene esintwini.

Indima amaphupho umkhiqizo

Akukona nje kuphela inhlekelele noveli isiteleka izenzakalo, kodwa futhi ukuthi ubeke umkhawulo ubuqiniso. Ngenxa yalokhu injabulo nozwela ezinhliziyweni abafundi 'kubangele laceration hero, ukuphikisana kwakhe futhi kokungabaza zokuziphatha. Ekhuluma nabo, Dostoevsky yakhetha ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi ehlukahlukene tetemibhalo, ikhuthaza Ukungena shí emhlabeni engaphakathi iqhawe, ikuvumela ukuba ubone into waleso esivela kuwo. Amaphupho Rodion Raskolnikov motif kudlala indima ekhethekile lapha. Khumbula, isibonelo, ngihlaselwe iphupho elibi, ukuthi lokhu iqhawe wayekubonile usuku phambi ukubulala. Rodion kwadingeka ingane libukeka ihhashi abacindezelwe ukushaywa ngesihluku. Master yokufutheka oyisiphukuphuku kuqhunyiswa ukufa isilwane. Futhi umphefumulo Raskolnikov, kanye umphefumulo ngamunye wethu, kukhona wokumelana kulokhu kubulawa engenabulungisa, ukucasula abantu abanonya kanye uzwela ubuhlungu babanye.

Udlame empilweni yangempela

Kulesi ndlela, Raskolnikov empeleni has a, umphefumulo ebucayi uhlobo. Kodwa ukuziphatha umnikazi zehhashi ngokuvamile enovelini "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso". Izinkinga zokwenyuka lesisiqephu libhekisela Yiqiniso, hhayi kuphela nokuhlukunyezwa kwezilwane. Phela, njengoba nje angaba nonya kangako, ekuphileni ongenabulungisa ezinzima abantu abaningi okudingeka bakhuthazelele ukuhlukunyezwa nokuphila abanikazi. Lezi abantu abanonya athobise, abahluphe, Angase abulale ngisho nesilwane, uma ethanda. Futhi ngempela ukubulala - ngokwengqondo uma emzimbeni. Phela, okungukuthi ukuba khona kwabantu abampofu efana Sonya Marmeladov, Rodion umndeni, uma kungekhona efa kancane kancane? Raskolnikov ephaphama, ungethuki ngaphezu kwakho konke ungalilahli yesehlakalo lokubulala ihhashi, futhi wakhulelwa plan. Nature Rodion izihlubuki. Nokho, engqondweni yakhe uyaqhubeka baphile lo mbono. Futhi isifiso okulenza lifike kuphela lwaqiniswa umbono esindayo lapho kulotshwe khona ngomlando Marmeladov umndeni iqhawe.

Raskolnikov ukubukela kokufa umndeni, leseyifinyelele kwedlulela sokululazeka Soni, ngubani ophoqelelwe ukuthengisa umzimba ukuze bondle abafowabo nodadewabo. Ngemva kwalokho Rodion nombono ofiphele ukuthi umbolekisi kumelwe abulawe, yaphenduka theory eningiliziwe izintandokazi ngokuthobeka ukulalela.

Raskol'nikov wanquma ukuba afeze ekhulelwa

Raskolnikov ngokwakhe ukhuluma "ukhetha" futhi bemagange zibonakalise ngokwabo kanye nabanye. Mhlawumbe irarano langaphakathi hero, futhi kungenzeka iphele ngendlela ehlukile. Mhlawumbe akazange alinge zaziyoqhubeka ukuqaliswa kohlelo sakhe esinesihluku. Nokho, kwaba khona-ke ukuthi uyezwa omunye nabulungisa - ngosizi lwezilwane unina, kanye ukulungela odade ukuba isisulu - ukuba ashade nomuntu umyeni engathandwa. Rodion scares a Dunya esizayo, efana ngezindlela eziningi isiphetho Sony. Akakwazi uvumele ukucindezeleka kukusanganise udadewabo, futhi ngenxa yalokho angase anqume ukuyibuyisela lezo nokuqalisa uhlelo lwakhe lokufundisa abantu.

I mathonya alimazayo zobugebengu

Izinkinga kule noveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" ijulile nakakhulu ngemva anomlandu wokwenza ubulelesi Rodion. Eqinisweni, kwashona isalukazi, Raskolnikov iyaphoqeleka ukuba impilo futhi Lizaveta, ekubeni futhi abangenacala. Ngakho, ukubulala omunye akubizi - ke kusiletha kwenye. Lo mbono ingenye imibono ebaluleke kakhulu Dostoevsky. Umbhali ufisa ukukhombisa ukuthi unya futhi yonya isenzakalo esisodwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwaba ngenxa, kudala ngobulwane entsha. It ithwala kokubhekana nemiphumela ebuhlungu hhayi kuphela ngenxa yalesi senzo benza ubufebe, kodwa futhi ngoba nethimba lakhe. Izwe lonke uyashintsha, izinsika main ebhidlikayo. Umlobi ngesikhathi esifanayo luvula namanje ngaphambi hero eholela ensindisweni, yize kuyintando ngokuhlupheka.

Awakening of unembeza hero

Konke izimiso zethu, imizwa, imicabango ukwenza overestimate Raskolnikov idluliselwe kubo ekuhlukunyezweni kokugqunywa. Ngenxa yalokhu ukwahlulela Unembeza siphaphama Rodion. Dostoevsky lapha eyembula indlela yomoya yomuntu.

Ivala wena kokuphila okungokomoya yilona khona imithetho ubugebengu - ukuthi izinkinga kule noveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso". Nakhu okwenzekayo nge Rodion Raskolnikov. Ubugebengu, uba esihlukanisiwe emhlabeni, emphakathini, enesizungu sokuhlushwa nokuhlupheka. Yephukela like umuntu kuyicala.

Umqondo oyinhloko umsebenzi

izithombe Okunye enovelini "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" ukuvumela umlobi kokubuka shí izinkinga umsebenzi. Dostoevsky umbono oyisisekelo ubeka ezingabaza leli Porfiry mseshi, Raskolnikov, ngubani iyanxusa: ". Iba ilanga - uzobona" Ngamanye amazwi, kuphela ngokusebenzisa uqobo, ukuphakama, ezinhle, wena ongasukuma emhlabeni. Sonya uzizwa ngendlela efanayo. Ngeshwa, le ntombazane yayingakaze kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kukubona lokhu.

Kufinyeta imibuzo angunaphakade imfuno zokuziphatha, umlobi oyinhloko walo iqhawe, futhi nalo sonke ukuqaphela isidingo sokuphila ukuphila esikhathini samanje, futhi ungacabangi ngokuthi umuntu avunyiwe ngomusa athande ngokusebenzisa isevisi kwabanye futhi izimiso isintu nobulungisa. Lena iyona ncazelo kule noveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso". Ungalokothi ulahlekelwe ukuhlobana izimiso ngokuvumelana ngokomoya futhi isintu kweqiniso. Njalo thina singabafakazi bakhe eduze umbhali namuhla ephakanyiswe inkinga. Esikhathini inoveli "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" Kuyisu kubaluleke kakhulu, okungaba ukuxwayisa umfundi ngokumelene amaphutha empilweni, futhi usithumele lungile dlela.