Ukubona inoveli sikaNapoleon "Impi Nokuthula" by UTolstoy

Lev Nikolaevich UTolstoy lathweswa iziqu ngo-1867 ukusebenza ku inoveli yakhe "Impi Nokuthula". Izenzakalo 1805 futhi 1812 sika, kanye ngabaholi bezempi owaba nengxenye ukuphikiswa waseFrance ERussia kukhona isihloko umsebenzi.

Thanda wonke umuntu othanda ukuthula, UTolstoy ukugxekile lokhu izimpi ezilwiwa ngezikhali. Wayelethwa ukuphikisana labo abasesikhundleni impi "ubuhle okukhulu." Umbhali livela encazelweni izenzakalo 1805 njengendlela umlobi nempi. Nokho, ukhuluma ngani empini ye 1812, Leo ihamba kakade ukushisekela ubuzwe isikhundla.

Isithombe se-kukaNapoleon Kutuzov

Wadala ngomfanekiso kukaNapoleon Kutuzov inoveli - inkulumo ecacile izimiso asetshenziswe izibalo isithombe UTolstoy yomlando. Lutho neze wonke izinhlamvu kuhambisane prototypes yangempela. UTolstoy akazange ukubabela, ukudweba okuthembekile documentary ekumeni kwalezi zibalo, ukudala noveli "Impi Nokuthula". UNapoleon Kutuzov kanye nezinye izinhlamvu isinyathelo ngokuyinhloko njengoba abathwali imibono. Ivinjelwe ngemisebenzi amaqiniso amaningi owaziwa. Ihaba ezinye izimfanelo kokubili lomyali (isib passivity futhi engiyesaba kunazo zonke ukukhohlwa Kutuzova posturing futhi Napoleon narcissistic). Ukuhlola umlawuli French futhi Russian oyinhloko, kanye nezinye izibalo zomlando, UTolstoy osebenza a zindlela esiqinile zokuziphatha. Ukubona inoveli sikaNapoleon "Impi Nokuthula" - isihloko lesi sihloko.

Umbusi French kuyinto bokungafani ka Kutuzov. Uma Mihaila Illarionovicha angabhekwa iqhawe omuhle isikhathi, isithombe Tolstogo Napoleon main anti-iqhawe umkhiqizo "Impi Nokuthula".

Portrait of Napoleon

UTolstoy ugcizelela ukulinganiselwa kanye ukuzethemba induna, okuyinto kubonakala kuwo wonke amazwi akhe, ukuthinta nezenzo. Portrait of Napoleon kuyindida. Anakho, "stouter" sibalo "kwamathanga fat" "amafushane", ezintekenteke, Gait elinejubane, "entanyeni kwakhahlela elimhlophe", "round kwasesiswini '," emahlombe obukhulu. " Okunjalo Ingumfanekiso inoveli sikaNapoleon "Impi Nokuthula". Echaza ekuseni yangasese French uMbusi phambi Borodino impi Leo ahlale obala portrait uhlamvu izici wakuqala umkhiqizo, iyakhula. UMbusi "umzimba uzilungise," "igcwele amabele okunamafutha," "yellow" futhi "evuvukele" ubuso. Le mininingwane ibonisa ukuthi Napoleon Bonaparte ( "Impi Nokuthula") wayeyindoda zikude ukuphila ukusebenza futhi alien Folk izimpande. Umholi French sikhombisa egomaniac narcissistic ocabanga uyolalela yonke. Ngaye, abantu ungameli iyiphi inzalo.

ukuziphatha sikaNapoleon, ngendlela yakhe yokukhuluma

Ukubona inoveli sikaNapoleon "Impi Nokuthula" kwembulwe hhayi kuphela incazelo yokubukeka kwakhe. Ngendlela yakhe yokukhuluma nokuziphatha futhi ubonakale Narcissism kanye nokulinganiselwa kwakho. Yena wayeqiniseka ubuhlakani bakhe siqu nobukhulu. Awu - lokho wangena ikhanda lakhe, hhayi ukuthi yini ngempela okuhle, njengokungathi niyizigqila UTolstoy wathi. Esikhathini inoveli, okwenziwe ngaleli uhlamvu ngasinye sihambisana ehlaziya abangenasihe kombhali. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Umqulu wesithathu (ingxenye yokuqala yesahluko lesithupha) UTolstoy wabhala ukuthi kwacaca ngoba lowaya muntu owayenawe kwezinhloso zenzuzo kwenzeka kuphela engqondweni akhe hlobo for him.

Encwadini yakhe ethi "Impi Nokuthula" kumakwe nobuntu Napoleon njengoba imininingwane elandelayo. Nge indida emihle, ngezinye izikhathi liphenduka ukubhuqa, umbhali debunks izimangalo ukuze izwe ukubusa Bonaparte, kanye oyibamba yakhe, njalo ukuzenza zomlando. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, umbusi waseFrance kudlalwa emazwini akhe nokuziphatha kwakungelutho yemvelo futhi elula. Lokhu kuboniswa kakhulu umxhwele Lvom Nikolaevichem yesehlakalo lapho wayewazisa Borodino ensimini portrait sendodana yakhe. Ngandlela-thile of inoveli sikaNapoleon "Impi Nokuthula" usezuze eminye imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu. Sichaza lesi senzakalo kafushane.

Isigigaba Kwesimo lendodana sikaNapoleon

Napoleon walinyathela mdwebo, enomuzwa wokuthi lokho azokwenza, ngithi manje ukuthi "kukhona indaba." Portrait kuvezwa indodana kombusi, ngubani wayedlala lendebe ibhola wonke. Nokho, ukuthi lokhu kuwabonakalisa nangobukhulu umholi we-French, uNapoleon wayefuna ukubonisa "ngesisa njengobaba." Yiqiniso, lokhu kwaba oyibamba okumsulwa. Napoleon akazange azwakalise lapha kungekho imizwa eqotho, litsedeystvoval kuphela, lathatha umlando. Lesi simo sibonisa khukhumala of indoda ababekholelwa ukuthi zonke eRussia luyonqotshwa UKUNQOBA eMoscow kwenziwe ngendlela ayehlele ngayo yokubuswa phezu kwawo wonke umhlaba.

Napoleon - umlingisi isidlali

Futhi eziningi iziqephu obengeziwe incazelo sikaNapoleon ( "Impi Nokuthula") ikhomba ukuthi lokhu kuyinto umdlali futhi umlingisi. Uthi ngosuku olwandulela Battle of Borodino ukuthi chess lwenziwe, umdlalo uzoqala kusasa. Ngosuku impi, UTolstoy amanothi emva isibhamu isibhamu, "Game ku." Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali ebonisa ukuthi yokumlandela amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu. Prince Andrew ecabanga ukuthi impi - lokhu akulona umdlalo kodwa ngokudingeka unonya. A bahluke yokusondela bekungenjongo umcabango wokuthi omunye protagonists imisebenzi "Impi Nokuthula". isithombe sikaNapoleon isethwe ahambe lokhu okwashiwo yile ndoda. Prince Andrew waveza umbono wakhe we ukuthula abantu, ubani waphoqeleka, ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile, ukuba bathathe izikhali ngenxa kokugqilazwa usongo eyayisondela phezu nasezweni lokuzalwa.

umphumela Comic ezivezwa umbusi French

Kwakungemnandi lutho Napoleon ukuthi kwakungaphezu kwamandla kuye, njengoba kuye kwakubonakala sengathi wonke kwakuxhomeke kuphela intando yakhe. Lokhu okwashiwo yile ndoda unika UTolstoy isiqephu lomhlangano nge Balashev yakhe ( "Impi Nokuthula"). Ukubona Napoleon kuwo olusha ne imininingwane emisha. UTolstoy ugcizelela ngokucacile umehluko phakathi kokukhulekela Umbusi yakhe nonentity okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuzethemba. ukungqubuzana Comic ephakama Kulokhu - ubufakazi engcono wobuze ubuthakathaka kwalesi sibalo zomlando, ozishaya a ngokubabazekayo uqine.

izwe sikaNapoleon okungokomoya

Esikhathini ukuqonda umholi UTolstoy elingokomoya emhlabeni French - kuyinto "izwe yokufakelwa" uhlalwe "izipoki yobukhulu" (Umqulu amathathu, Ingxenye Yesibili, iSahluko 38). Eqinisweni, uNapoleon buwubufakazi balokhu iqiniso ubudala ukuba "inkosi uyisigqila umlando" (Umqulu amathathu, Part One, Isahluko 1). Uma ucabanga ukuthi senza intando yakhe, indlela yalo emlandweni kuphela ukudlala "ezisinda" kangaka, "kudabukisa" futhi igama elithi "unya", "indima akunabuntu" yona. Lutho neze wayekwazi ukwenza ke, uma lo muntu awazange mnyama kanembeza engqondweni (Umqulu amathathu, Ingxenye Yesibili, iSahluko 38). Umlobi ubona wayephazamisekile umlawuli omkhulu ukuthi wabuza callousness elingokomoya lithathwe njengomenzi ubukhulu beqiniso nesibindi ngamabomu.

Ngokwesibonelo, e-Umqulu wesithathu (ingxenye ezimbili, isahluko 38) uthi bathandile ukuba baziphathe kabi efile, ngaleyo ndlela ukuhlola amandla abo engqondo (njengoba Napoleon wakholwa). Esikhathini isiqephu, lapho umfula Neman awela ngisho isigaba ka lancers Polish, futhi iphini lomlawuli wempi emehlweni akhe wayevuma zikhokhelwe nokuzinikela nabasePoland ukunakwa kombusi, uNapoleon ngokuthi Berthier kuye waqala ukuhamba naye uma ugudla ugu, Unika oda futhi enganelisekile ngezikhathi nomuntu obuka le Uhlans aminzisa, owayenethemba ukunakekela kwakhe. Ngaye, ukufa - zivamile kuyisidina futhi. Napoleon kuthatha kalula nokuzidela ukuba amasosha abo.

Napoleon - indoda ngokujulile engajabule

UTolstoy ugcizelela ukuthi lo muntu bekagula ngokujulile, kodwa abazange bakuqaphele lokhu kuphela ngenxa yokungabi bikho okungenani ezinye umuzwa wokuziphatha okuhle. "Omkhulu" uNapoleon, "European Hero" ngokokuziphatha abayizimpumputhe. Akakwazi abangeke bayiqonde noma ubuhle, akakhulumanga okuhle noma iqiniso, futhi ukubaluleka umsebenzi wakhe siqu, okuyinto, njengoba Lev Tolstoy uthi, "babengekho abaphikisa ubunene leqiniso," "kude bonke abantu." Napoleon ayikwazanga akuqonde yezenzo zakhe (kuhlanganise lwesithathu, ingxenye ezimbili, isahluko 38). Ukuza iqiniso nobuhle bakhe, ngokubona umbhali, kungaba kuphela wenqaba ku ubukhulu ngengqondo zobuntu bakhe. Nokho, leso "nobuqhawe" isenzo ayikwazi Napoleon.

Napoleon umthwalo walokho akwenza kuzo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayengenzanga sibheke ukudlala indima ezingezinhle emlandweni, UTolstoy akusho inciphise benesibopho lomuntu ngoba zonke izenzo zabo kubo. Uyabhala Nokho, ukuthi Napoleon ihloselwe "hhayi khulula", "kudabukisa" indima wesahlulelo wezizwe eziningi, waqinisekisa bona ukuthi inzuzo yabo yayiyini injongo izenzo zakhe nokuthi wayekwazi aphathe futhi aqondise isiphetho zabantu abaningi ukuzenza izenzo zakhe amandla. Napoleon babecabanga ukuthi impi nge iRussia yathatha indawo ngentando yakhe, inhliziyo yakhe ayizange hit horror kufezeke (Umqulu amathathu, Ingxenye Yesibili, iSahluko 38).

Napoleon lomkhiqizo izinhlamvu

Ngamanye Amaqhawe kaNapoleon umkhiqizo izinga Leo ixhuma ukuntuleka nobunjalo umuzwa wokuziphatha okuhle (isibonelo, uHelen), noma ezinamaphutha zabo ezibuhlungu. Ngakho, njengoba kwasho insizwa egama umlutha imibono kombusi French Per Bezuhov wahlala yaseMoscow ukuze sithole ukuthi ukumbulala futhi ngokwenza kanjalo 'umkhululi besintu.' Okwakuhlalwa kuzo lapho kusaqalwa kokuphila okungokomoya Andrey Bolkonsky ngiphuphe avuke ngaphezu kwabanye, ngisho uma ufuna ukunikela kulolu umndeni nomndeni. Esikhathini isithombe uLeo Tolstoy Napoleonism - isifo esiyingozi ehlukanisa abantu. Kubangela ukuba azulazule zifa phezu kwazo okungokomoya 'off-road ".

Isithombe se-kukaNapoleon Kutuzov mlando

UTolstoy uphawula ukuthi izazi-mlando baye bazwakalisa ukubonga uNapoleon, ecabanga ukuthi wayengumuntu jikelele omkhulu, futhi Kutuzov usolwa wokuba ukwehluleka yokwenziwa kakhulu nezempi. Eqinisweni, uMbusi French ithuthukiswe 1812 isivunguvungu womsebenzi. Yena fussed mayelana, waselaya ukuthi nabanye kwakubonakala ekhaliphile. Ngamafuphi, le ndoda uziphathé ngokungacabangi ngezinga njengoba ukuba "umlawuli omkhulu." Isithombe Kutuzov ofanayo UTolstoy akusiwona uhambisane nomqondo ubuhlakani, ezithathwe ngesikhathi. Umlobi exaggerates ngamabomu nokuguga yayo. Ngakho, Kutuzov ngesikhathi umkhandlu wezempi akusho ukuzumeka ukuze abonise "nokwedelela onesimo", kodwa ngenxa nje yokuthi wayefuna ukulala (Volume One, Ingxenye Three, Isahluko 12). Umlawuli oyinhloko akukuniki oda. He yodwa ihamba emazwini ukuthi uyazicabangela ezinengqondo futhi ayinangqondo zonke sinqatshelwe. Kutuzov akafuni izimpi, ngingenzi lutho. It Kutuzov womkhandlu Fili, nokugcina kwangaphandle ezolile, ikhetha ukushiya eMoscow, okwabangela inhlekelele kuye usizi kakhulu ngokwengqondo.

Yini enquma isikali yomuntu kweqiniso, ngokuvumelana UTolstoy?

Cishe kuzo zonke izimpi iwine uNapoleon Kutuzov futhi balahlekelwa cishe yikho konke. Nezithiyo wahlupheka ngenxa yebutho Russian futhi Red Berezina. Nokho, kwaba esona ekugcineni bayinqoba impi iphansi kwesandla sika-impi, "genius ezempi." UTolstoy ugcizelela ukuthi izazi-mlando enikelwe uNapoleon, ukukholelwa ukuthi kwakunguSamuweli nje umuntu omkhulu, iqhawe. Ngokusho kwabo, ngoba umuntu lokhu ezidlula akukwazi ababi nabahle. Ukubona Napoleon izincwadi bavame owethulwe ezikhula zakhe le engela. Ngale ndlela yokunquma zokuziphatha, ngokuvumelana abalobi abahlukahlukene, kukhona izenzo umuntu omkhulu. Lezi zazi-mlando futhi abalobi, ngisho indiza okuyihlazo ebuthweni kombusi French Kulinganiselwa njengoba isenzo sublime. Ngokusho ubuntu UTolstoy langempela ayilinganiswa izinga "amafomula zamanga" Izazi-mlando ehlukahlukene. Omkhulu amanga komlando yobukhulu umuntu njengami Napoleon ( "Impi Nokuthula"). Izilinganiso kwemisebenzi usibonisile afakazela lokho. UTolstoy wathola ubukhulu bangempela e Mikhail Kutuzov Illarionovich, izindaba isisebenzi nesizotha.