Uyini palindrome? Palindromes - izibonelo. palindromes isiZulu

Njengoba yaziwa, isiRashiya ivolumu anele ezihlukahlukene ematfuba nezinkulumo. Omunye ezihlukahlukene izakhi lucebe kukhona palindromes. Izibonelo izingane, kubonisa ngokunembile kakhulu lo mqondo, ungakwazi ukubheka zabuna. Ngokwesibonelo, Fet: "I-rose wawa umlenze Azor." Uma sihlole amazwi, siyabona ukuthi isiphakamiso ingafundwa ngezindlela ezimbili: kusukela ekuqaleni (kwesokunxele) kanye ekupheleni (kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele). Futhi esimweni ngasinye, inkulumo ethi izwakale okufanayo. Lokhu - izipesheli, kodwa kukhona amazwi, palindromes. Izibonelo ngokucacile kakhulu sifanekise umqondo azosethwa naphambili.

definition

Uyini palindrome? Lo mqondo lisuselwa isiGreki ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi njengoba "egijima emuva" noma "egijima futhi." Kwezinye izimo, ngenxa palindromes, izibonelo zalo ezingenakususwa ngezansi, ukuthatha noma yisiphi lesinesitfombe-sibuko mayelana iqoqo layo phakathi kwezinhlamvu. Inhlanganisela ende kunazo izincwadi zalolu hlobo kubhekwa saippuakauppias (Finnish - umdayisi insipho). Kukhona ezinye palindromes ezithakazelisayo IsiZulu:

«Nkosikazi, Ngingumfana Adamu» - ukumelwa zabantu lady (Nkosikazi, Ngingu-Adamu).

Le ntokazi ungakwazi ngesizotha uthi "shifter»: «Eva» (Eva).

Kukhona ziyalingana hhayi kuphela ukunikeza noma iqoqo izincwadi. palindromes-amavesi ivamile impela:

isandla Kuyivelakancane ubambe Butt ...
Ngenza ngobuqotho lapha ngihlezi,
Jaro ku ethule yokudala,
Zarzhu isikhathi umpteenth
Inhlanhla ku Daze,
Zarzhu isikhathi umpteenth -
Ngakho ovusiwe!

Ungafunda ukuthi ungaqala kanjani futhi kusukela ekupheleni.

Mfushane Umlando

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi palindrome ezinjalo, kumelwe kuthiwe "turncoats" ezaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngokuvamile, sanikwa kunencazelo engcwele magic. Kwakukhona palindromes, izibonelo zazo zingatholakala ezihlukahlukene ngezilimi, cishe Ephakathi. Esikhathini nezincwadi zakudala Russian kukhona ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa mayelana nelungelo lobunikazi, "Changeling", ebhalwe Derzhavin: "Ngizofika ukuba ne mechem umahluleli." Umzamo wokuqala ukwakha eside, multi-line rhymed palindromic uhlobo lomkhiqizo senziwa Velimir Khlebnikov ( "Razin" Inkondlo). Kodwa sokuthuthwa kwempahla lokhu ukunyakaza art ifinyelele kuphela ngonyaka 1970-1990-th. Palindromes, izibonelo zazo zingatholakala ngemisebenzi uVladimir Gershoni, uNicholas Ladygina, Dmitry Avalini noHelen Katsyuba baba wafunda kabanzi kule etemibhalo isiqondiso etemibhalo 1990. Lezi zifundo yayiqhutshelwa ngenkuthalo, ikakhulukazi isiJalimane Lukomnikovym Aleksandrom Bubnovym. Theoreticians kanye kwabasebenza umngcele ifomu ahlukahlukene angawodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, "werewolf". Lo mbhalo ifundwa kusuka kwesokunxele kuya elinye ilungelo kuka emuva: "Umhlaba esivumelana" (kumbhali Sergey Fedin.). Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi palindrome ezinjalo kufanele nazo ziyakhuluma amafomu ezingavamile isiqondiso kwezobuciko: ilunga, "turncoats" ukukhuluma izilimi ezimbili. I yamuva ayizona umbhalo ukuthi enye indlela ungafunda ngolimi olulodwa, futhi wenze - ngakolunye. Yini enye palindromes ezingavamile? Izibonelo ezahlukene yi kungenzeka. Nanoma yiluphi uhlobo "lesinesitfombe-sibuko" inhlanganisela lapho kungekho ukufundwa Kwenziwa in reverse, kunjengokungathi efomini ukukhiqizwa kabusha tsokoltsokol, kabankaban nabanye.

Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo isiqondiso

Kumele kuthiwe palindromes, izibonelo zazo ukuzwakala baqhutshwa okwengeziwe sihloko, nesithakazelo abacwaningi ulimi, abalobi, izimbongi, ababhali ngezinye izikhathi lwehlukene ngezilinganiso ezahlukene. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-ngeminyaka yoma kwekhulu elidlule kwakungenakwenzeka ukushicilela lolu hlobo imisebenzi. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ikakhulu yokuthi ukuphishekela "icala" ngaleso sikhathi, benganamukeli izincwadi. At ekuqaleni ukuthuthukisa indlela bokubeka bonke abalobi "turncoats" ayejwayelene nomunye, ayazi, ungase uthi, lapho sibhekene nomunye. Kuze kube manje, imisebenzi eminingi yashicilelwa anthologies. Kodwa iningi labo lahlala ukushicilelwa.

Izinhlobo

Palindromes babe imishwana ethandwa kakhulu, noma "aphorisms." Ezinye zazo kungase kubangele ngisho ukumamatheka (ngenxa izici zayo wobuciko). Ezimweni eziningi, inhlanganisela changeling ngaphakathi idonse amehlo hhayi kuphela ngenxa injalo non-standard, kodwa futhi okuqukethwe ezihlekisayo. imigqa ngamunye bangahlangana ngisho umsebenzi senkondlo. Nokho, uma inhlanganisela isimangalo izinkondlo phela ukuthi akufanele avumele noma iluphi izaphulelo bobunjwa okungavamile. Ngamanye amazwi, konke kumele agcinwe - isigqi, imvumelwano, ubukhulu - kokubili ejwayelekile, imisebenzi ezivamile senkondlo. "Kufanane" Ezimweni ezinjalo kuphela wanezela umdlalo Rhythmic futhi sonic. Abaningi ngakho ithola kukhona ifomu "cishe palindromic". abalobi ezahlukene umfutho enjalo wadala ubuhle umsindo. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi palindrome ezinjalo, asikwazi cabangela izinkondlo lyric, ngokusebenzisa amafomu bokubeka idatha. Abaningi babo aqukethe ingxenye amahlaya, kodwa naphezu kwale mizamo ingase ikhishwe ngempela sina. Amanye amagama lesinesitfombe-sibuko bavumelane kahle umculo. Kwezinye izimo, umsebenzi asankondlo angase kuqukathe "changeling", ihlukaniswe imigqa. Kulokhu sikhuluma monopalindrome.

izinkondlo

Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile uphenyo zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo palindromes kuyinto lokusungula Bloc. Njengoba imbongi Symbolist, wakhokha ukunakwa kakhulu Rhythm Iinhlangano umsindo isebenza. Enkondlweni yayo "Abayishumi nambili" zibonakala ngokucacile kule impumelelo ka-Aleksandru Blok umsindo futhi izinkomba onesigqi. Goldstein uye elihunyushwe konke lokhu umsebenzi iyunithi olimini palindromes. Umbhali uyaphawula ukuthi inqubo kwakunokwenzeka ukuba alondoloze imvumelwano, isigqi, yokwakheka inkondlo cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Ukwenza "Ishumi nambili," Goldstein uphawula ukuthi, ngokombono wakhe, abanye akusabhekwa ngisho elithile ukwandisa ithoni.

Yesimethri izibalo

Kukhona, ngaphezu inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu, izinkulumo kanye nemisebenzi yonke futhi inani palindromes. Lenchazelo isetshenziselwa uqopha wesimethri ebonakalayo. Izinombolo zemvelo kuleli cala uzobe ukufunda kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla kanye noHezekeli okufanayo. Symmetrically kungenziwa akhiwe noma uyinqaba noma Inani lezinhlamvu. palindromes wenombolo zenzeka izinhlelo ezahlukene, okuyinto zibe namagama abo. Ngakho, kukhona isigaba izimpawu "abacaphuni": 1001, 676, kanye nabanye. amafomu okunjalo "palindromic" atholakala phakathi Fibonacci, izinombolo, Smith.

izibalo

palindromes wenombolo kungaba umphumela imisebenzi nezinye izinhlamvu. Martin Gardner, umbhali wencwadi ethi "Mina unombono!", Ngenxa popularizer sasivumela owaziwa yesayensi, uletha umbono othile. Uma uthatha inombolo (ikhona), enezele futhi ekwelapheni (ehlanganisa amadijithi efanayo, kodwa oda reverse), bese uphinda isinyathelo, kodwa imali oyitholile, lo omunye izinyathelo ukuze uthole palindrome. Kwezinye izimo kwanele ukuba afeze ukwengeza kanye: 213 + 312 = 525. Kodwa ngokuvamile kudingeka imisebenzi okungenani ezimbili. Isibonelo, uma uthatha inombolo 96 Khona-ke, ukuba wenza kwalokho ngokulandelana, palindrome ingatholakala kuphela ezingeni lesine:

96 + 69 = 165
165 + 651 = 726
726 + 627 = 1353
1353 + 3531 = 4884

Ingqikithi yalo mbono wukuthi uma uthatha noma iyiphi inombolo, ngemva inombolo ethile yezenzo uzoqiniseka ukuthi uthole palindrome. Izibonelo zingatholakala hhayi kuphela kwalokho, kodwa futhi ukwakhiwa kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi isizinda izimpande kanye nezinye imisebenzi.

umbhangqwana ezithakazelisayo

Emaqenjini primes kungabonwa iphethini ezithakazelisa kakhulu, uma kukhona izinombolo ezithile, isibonelo, elula - 1 no-3 Ngokwesibonelo, elula-idijithi double lemali ngaphambilini ngazimbili: 31-13 futhi 13-31, enamadijithi amathathu-nesithupha abahlanu elula, phakathi kwabo 2 "shifter": 313 kanye 131, i-pair of shifters: 113-311 futhi 311-113. I ngazimbili okuholela kuzo zonke izimo bethula imidwebo obonakaliswe zezinombolo ifomu izikwele. Ngokuvamile, eziningi wezibalo zingatholakala amaphethini digital.

Palindromes kwezinye zokukhulekela womuntu. biology

Sakhiwo acid nucleic sihlinzekela kwezifunda esifushane Okusizayo aphelele. Baye okuthiwa "mirror ukulandelanisa" ka-nucleotide uyakwazi ukwakha duplexes. Ngo okusha ngezakhi zofuzo zomuntu, inani eliphelele "turncoats" kulinganiselwa ukuthi isukela ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu kuya kwesigidi. Ngakho, ngokuvumelana ngekucaphelisisa, ukusatshalaliswa isakhiwo DNA engalingani. Palindromes ngomqondo ababazalayo uyakwazi nokunikeza ulwazi kungandiswa ngaphandle kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo nucleotide. Of Ikakhulukazi ukubaluleka "Umumo ziyalingana" kukhona kumiswa ezinye izinhlobo acid nucleic - RNA ezokuthutha, isibonelo.

umculo

umculo Palindromic kudlalwa "njengokuvamile", ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo. Ngemva kokuphothulwa play jikisa dlulile amanothi. Khona-ke ukusebenza ukudlala futhi, kodwa umculo ngesikhathi esifanayo ngeke kushintshe. Okushiwoyo kungase kube khona kakhulu ngendlela edingekayo, akwaziwa ngalesi, yini phansi, nokuthi - ngehhashi. Lezi zingxenye umculo ingadlalwa kuphela, ngenkathi ufunda amanothi kusuka zombili kanyekanye. Njengoba izibonelo imisebenzi enjalo kungaholela palindromic "endleleni yokuthula", ebhalwe Moscheles, futhi "ukuphuza iculo Melody amabili" elabhalwa Mozart.