Siyini yasendlini? Imisebenzi yasendlini. kwekhaya

Lokho isimo inhlalakahle yasendlini kuncike ngokuqondile ezintweni inhlalakahle yayo. Njengamanje, abendlu yasemakhaya ubhekwa ibhizinisi kwezomnotho okukhulu, lwenza ukunakwa isimo, ukunikela encane amapulazi amalungelo kanye nezinzuzo zezimali. It yasendlini emakethe umnotho yesimanje kubhekwa inkomba inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle, ngakho kudingeka siyinake eduze evela ezinhlakeni zikahulumeni.

Siyini yasendlini?

Zama ukuthola ukuthi indlu, yiziphi izici zayo yaso eyingqayizivele. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa yehlukene kaningi okubalwa, eziphathelene yonke imikhakha yempilo emphakathini wanamuhla. Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo show yasendlini:

• abameli;
• abafundisi ezikhungweni zemfundo;
• abameleli izinkonzo kwezibalo;
• zezenhlalo;
• zezomnotho;
• Owaziwa nabezombusazwe.

Isifundo futhi izindlu - Inkinga isimo, efanele ikakhulukazi amaqiniso zamanje kwezomnotho. Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo yasendlini ngenxa eziyinkimbinkimbi esimweni lokubala ubuningi babantu ezweni, izinkinga eziningi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ezweni lethu eningi indawo evulekile, okuyinto ozama ukuthuthukisa abalimi ezingaba khona.

izinhlobo yasendlini

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala izindlu atholakala amapayipi wesazi sefilosofi Athene lasendulo Xenophon (430-355 GG. BC). Isazi sefilosofi uchaza imisebenzi eyisisekelo yasendlini, uphakamise ukutshala izitshalo, ukuba ubekhuluma kubo ngoJohane ingadi.

Musa ukuhlala kude le nkinga, no-Aristotle, ukuthi babefake igama elithi 'economy' njengenhlangano Analogue yekhaya, kwathiwa kwakuthiwa walungisiswa izindlu. Injongo eyinhloko umnotho siqu Aristotle ukubeka inzuzo, ingcebo ukubuyabuyelela.

imizi umlando

Ngo 1861 mlando Swiss J. Bachofen yashicilela incwadi ethi "Umama Right", okuyinto eyaba ekuqaleni imizi cwaningo. Lichaza imithetho eziyisisekelo izindlu Swiss, wenza iziphetho mayelana ukubaluleka ikhaya ezomnotho.

Household lidlule indlela eside yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezihlobene ne ukuthuthukiswa ubunikazi bomhlaba.

Ngakho-ke yini emkhayeni? Kuyinto umsebenzi umndeni, iqembu labantu womuntu noma abantu abathize, abahlala endaweni ethile, ukuhlinzeka wena nazo zonke imikhiqizo adingekayo ukuze ukuphila okuvamile. Lomkhakha ikhethwa aphethe, okuyinto umholi. Okuyixazululayo izimpikiswano ezihlobene izinkinga zomnotho kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo. Kuyinto umnikazi enquma indiza ezibonakalayo, unesibopho inhlalakahle yabo bonke amalungu yasendlini. Ngokuyinhloko kuhlanganiswe zokuqhuba imisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela izihlobo, nabangane nabantu obajwayele. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo emzini eyehlukene emnothweni bahlulekile ukukhombisa ukuphuthuma kanye nokugcizelela isidingo.

Izinhlobo wamakhaya

Kukhona ezinye izinketho yilezi:

• yasendlini umndeni;
• yasendlini YeSizwe.

Uma ukhetho lokuqala kuhilela kuhlalisana yabo bonke amalungu omndeni, esimweni sesibili, abamele umnotho bangaphila emazweni ahlukahlukene, sibe nobuhlobo impahla nomunye.

imisebenzi yasendlini

Lesi sakhiwo lisiza ekulondolozeni umphakathi izithakazelo, izibopho zomkhaya, izithakazelo. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kusho ukuthini yasendlini, kumelwe kwenziwe uhlu lwazo yini umsebenzi wayo obalulekile:

• Ukudlala kwezinsiza zokusebenza (ukuzalwa nemfundo yezingane);
• ukudalwa capital womuntu;
• nomphakathi (usekelo amalungu omndeni abakhubazekile);
• ukusungulwa ubudlelwane obufanele;
• ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ngabanye lwelungu ngalinye lomkhaya,
• ukulondoloza kanye ukunqwabelana amafa (engokoqobo nengokomoya);
• ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono emkhakheni wezamabhizinisi.

Ngaphezu impahla yi lakho lomndeni kudingeka umhlaba, imithombo yezimali, angisebenzi. Abanye imali yasendlini kulinganiswe ngempahla. Iningi izidingo abendlu enquma ngenxa ukuthengiselana kwezomnotho namanye amapulazi.

Noma yimuphi imizi zidlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni, neqhaza umhlaba ukusetshenziswa, umsebenzi abahlali. Lokhu ingxenye kuhilela ukwakheka, kumiswa ubuntu, ukuthuthukiswa ngezidingo ezingokwenyama nezingokomoya zemikhaya ngabanye. Imithetho eyisisekelo yekhaya is ongenakuzihlukanisa kuya izimiso zokuhle umsebenzi, izindinganiso zomphakathi. It kwakha budlelwane emkhatsini emakethe yezabasebenzi, ama-product ezabathengi, ezimakethe zezimali.

izici sici yasendlini

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kusho ukuthini yasendlini, siphawula ukuthi zezomnotho ziye zasungula izici ezithile ngoba:

• yenze inzuzo eningi kuwo wonke amalungu omphakathi;
• imisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela;
• ukuphila owufanelekela.

izinhlobo yasendlini

Professionals abahlanu ongakhetha emakhaya, ikhumbula ubudlelwano phakathi kwamalungu omkhaya.

1. Uhlobo lokuqala kuyinto yasendlini lapho kukhona nomnikazi oyedwa kuphela.
2. Uhlobo yasendlini yesibili lihlobanisa izihlobo abangenayo nezibopho zomshado.
3. Uhlobo lwesithathu umnotho ngeke ukuhlela umbhangqwana oshadile nezingane.
4. Esikhathini Eyesine, ngaphezu imibhangqwana, zingase zibe khona ezinye izihlobo.
5. Inketho yesihlanu kungaba ezinkulu ipulazi multi-umndeni, esakhiwa imikhaya eminingana.

Izinketho for ngezigaba wamakhaya

Yonke imizi ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• izici kwedemografikhi, esikisela non-umndeni nomndeni amapulazi, inani lamalungu, ubudala nobulili;
• ngokwendawo inkomba lesifunda ngokuphathelene nohlobo izindlu, ukutholakala kwezithuthi, umhlaba usayizi ingxenye;
• isivuno esekelwe ongashadile, ikhumbula zonke izinhlobo engenile;
• izici kwezomnotho ehambisana nokulingana umbono umsebenzi, ibhizinisi ngamakhasimende;
• Labor uphawu eyenani abasebenzi futhi ukuqeqeshwa kwawo;
• izici zomphakathi ezihlobene engenayo emndenini.

Inani emakhaya emakethe umnotho

It kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze ezingeni ledzingekako zabathengi isidingo, okuyinto ebalulekile ukusebenza izindlela kwezomnotho wemakethe. Household ukusetshenziswa lihlotshaniswa ukutshalwa yemali, ekusizeni umsebenzi uhlelo yasebhange. amapulazi okunjalo kungaba izici zokukhiqiza, inikeze ithuba zabantu abavamile nje ukuba bathuthukise amakhono abo ebhizinisi.

Njalo yasendlini isebenza eduze namanye okuhlukile nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho:

• emakethe amasevisi kanye ezidayiswayo;
• Isici emakethe;
• isixazululi nkinga yehadiwe nezinsiza.

Izibonelo imizi ukufundisa abafundi

Ngokusebenzisa i-hands-on sifundo "yaseNdlunkulu" (Libanga 6), uthisha iphawula ukubaluleka ilungu ngalinye lomndeni, a yokwabiwa ocacile phakathi amalungelo nezibopho. Njengoba isibonelo esilula, ibhizinisi emakhaya, okungase ukutshela abafundi, nika ukutshala imifino (amazambane). Lolu hlobo lwebhizinisi kufanelekile imindeni abahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Yini ukutshela izingane?

Thishela uchaza izingane ngenhloso yebhizinisi, izici zalo. Izingane bayofunda mayelana nezinhlobo zenhlabathi, okuyinto efanelekayo ukutshalwa amazambane. Ukusebenza emaqenjini, abafundi ukunikela izinhlelo zabo zebhizinisi, ukutadisha lemakhono ekukwati kufundza nekubhala yasekuqaleni zezimali. Thishela ukhuluma ezingaba yingozi zezimali kulinywe yaleli kwezitshalo, izindlela amazambane isitoreji. GEF kuhilela iphrojekthi noma ucwaningo umsebenzi umfundi ngamunye, ungenza iphrojekthi ngesisekelo endlini yakwabo.

ezomnotho Ikhaya for girls

Naphezu izinguquko eziningi kwenziwe yesimanje ohlelweni lwezemfundo, usathola amakhono bendlu yakubo enkonzweni ikilasi umsebenzi amantombazane. emizi Ikusasa uthole ulwazi kokuqala uhlela ibhajethi umndeni, funda ukubala isabelo mali sakho senyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi izifundo amantombazane ukufunda izisekelo ukupheka, abe zokupheka ngokoqobo, funda embroider, thunga, obumbene.

GEF kuhilela design, ukuqaliswa, futhi ukuhlinzeka amantombazane wephrojekthi sakhe. Ngokuvamile kusekelwe iyona yasendlini. Ngokwesibonelo, iprojekthi ubuchwepheshe 5 ikilasi kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe nge ukudalwa amahle lace napkins. Umkhiqizo osuphelile uyintombazane anganika umama, ugogo noma ngazi ngaleso fair esikoleni, ukwamukela ukuze bathole umvuzo wabo umsebenzi impahla. Phakathi misebenzi, izingane zifunde izinto eziyisisekelo kwezamabhizinisi, ozokusiza esikhathini esizayo ukwakha yasendlini yimpumelelo yangasese.

isiphetho

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ndoda yayiyisibani yasendlini ukuhlinzekela bona, imindeni yabo kanye nokudla nezingubo. Njengoba kude siphasise esiningi, kodwa ukuhlobana yasendlini asikapheli. Ukuze bazigcine bephila ngezinto ezingokoqobo ezinzima zomnotho, imikhaya eminingi uthuthela emadolobheni amakhulu nasemaphandleni.

Phakathi lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu abendlu, ngokuletha imali enhle, thina ukuhlukanisa izinkomo nokukhulisa zizalela izinyoni. Ngokwesibonelo, zizalela kanye ukukhulisa izimvu nje kuphela kuletha imali enhle, kodwa futhi kungaba real kwethulwa pad ibhizinisi elikhulu. Household akahlukile kakhulu kusukela amabhizinisi ezinkulu ezimbonini. I ohlakeni lwale nhlangano ibhizinisi, indlela umkhiqizo yokuthengisa, isifiso uthole inzuzo esiphezulu kusukela ukudayiswa futhi zivame amapulazi amancane kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi zasekhaya lingakanani encane, ukuqashwa izihlobo, abangane. Household emakethe yezimali namuhla abuseyona nesicelo elula imali yemali, ke eqala ukuthandana yisikhungo sezinhlangano eziphambili zezezimali. Ukubolekwa kwemali ukuthi kukhona abalimi abancane, siyivumele ukuba ukuthuthukisa.

Imindeni bagxile ezikhulayo imikhiqizo yabo siqu, musa nje ukusiza abantu siphila ezimweni zomnotho ezinzima, kodwa futhi kunginikeze ithemba ngoba kusasa.