Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi

XX leminyaka wayegcwele ubuntu abaye washiya uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa ngempela emlandweni ukuthuthukiswa nasemphakathini wonkana. okutholakele Omkhulu ngesayensi nobuchwepheshe ... Wireless Internet mobile nekubitwa angenamkhawulo okuxhumana mobile - umphumela walo oqondile waba cwaningo. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ukugcizelela wabekwa hhayi kuphela ubuchwepheshe. Okubalulekile kwaba ingxenye yamasiko umphakathi. Yingakho ukuvela izincwadi, yebo, kwenzekani njengenjwayelo, ngempela savela sibonga amagama abanamakhono asele inkumbulo labo zibabaza temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba kanye izinkondlo asekuqaleni XX leminyaka.

Futhi omunye kulaba bantu kwaba Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi, nee Lokhvitskaya, futhi umyeni wakhe - Buchynska. Wazalelwa Meyi 9 (kanye nakwamanye idatha - 27 April) 1872 edolobheni Petersburg (yilapho kungena khona idatha ubuye ezahlukene, njengoba kukhona izitatimende ukuthi yabonakala ukukhanya esifundazweni naseVolyn). umbhali Ikusasa eyindodakazi owaziwa ngesikhathi uprofesa wobuchwepheshe kwezobugebengu wenza, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi umshicileli umagazini "yeKambiso iGazethi" AV Lokhvitsky. Futhi Hope - udade poetess ngempela owaziwa Mirra (nee Mary) Lokhvitskaya (kwaba wakhe ngesikhathi wabizwa ngokuthi "Russian Sappho").

Mbumbulu "Taffy" sasayinwa izindaba yamahlaya wokuqala ngqa, kwaba kanye play "inkinga yabesifazane" ezavela 1907. Kodwa le nkondlo, yiziphi emuva ngo-1901 futhi wangenela Lokhvitskaya, nokho, eshicilelwe ngaphansi kwegama lakhe sasekhaya samanje.

Umsuka wegama isidlaliso "Taffy" namanje yokuzamazama. Njengoba kushiwo, lisuke ngqo uya nje ekhaya ngokuthi inceku Lohvitsky ubudala - UStepan (umndeni wakhe ngokuthi Steffy), kodwa futhi izinkondlo Rudyard Kipling uThandeka njengoba «Taffy kwaba walesman / Taffy wayeyisela». Kodwa izindaba izigcawu eziye zavela salokhu isignesha, babe adume eRussia zangaphambi wamavukelambuso, ngakho ngesikhathi esisodwa yayikhona ngisho amakha candies ngokuthi "Taffy".

Taffy yanyatheliswa ngo "Satyricon" umagazini kanye "okusha Satyricon" kusukela kumagazini yabo yokuqala, eyanyatheliswa ngo-Ephreli 1908, kwaze kwaba mthetho kushicilelwe ngo-August 1918, ngakho njengoba umlobi we yemiqulu emibili ye iqoqo izindaba ezihlekisayo, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1910, elalilisha ngalesosikhathi kulandele amaqoqo eziningana ( "Carousel", "intuthu ngaphandle umlilo" ezavela 1914, kanye "isilo ezingaphili", ebhalwe ngo-1916), Taffy kusukela ekuqaleni nje wabonisa ukwazisa uye bazuza idumela njengendlela umlobi nabanomusa, behlakaniphile, nokuqaphelisisa kakhulu. Zonke babekholelwa ukuthi abanye abalobi liwuhlukanise kuyinto esinokuqonda okubukhali ubuthakathaka bobuntu, ngomusa wakhe nesihawu Amazing abalingiswa ezineshwa.

Taffy kwaba uhlobo oluthandayo ezincanyana eyayisekelwe incazelo ezincane yesehlakalo yamahlaya. Incwadi yakhe yemiqulu emibili, yena waqala epigraph ka "Yokuziphatha" B.Spinozy ukuthi kakhulu ngokunembile e eziningi imisebenzi yakhe inquma iphimbo layo: "Ngenxa uhleko - kukhona injabulo, ngakho kuphela - isibusiso."

Shiya esifushane inhliziyo wamavukelambuso, eyayintula 1905 utshelwa siqala ukubhala Taffy abambisane iphephandaba kwamaBolshevik "New Life", noluncane olubonakalayo umsebenzi wakhe akazange ashiye. Akuzange kulethe imiphumela ingabonakali nelokuzitlamela nemizamo yayo ukuze ubhale satires zomphakathi izinkinga ngokwezihloko, lapho iphephandaba "izwi Russian" kulindelekile Taffy. Kube yanyatheliswa, kusukela ngo-1910. Ngaleso sikhathi, inhloko iphephandaba "Inkosi ezilula ezihlekisayo" - V Doroshevich yena, yebo, kungakhathaliseki okwakhe ithalente Taffy kufanele kanye wathi "engenamsebenzi ngaphezulu ihhashi Arabian ukuba athwale amanzi."

Kanye ethandwa umbhali satirikonovtsem Averchenko ekupheleni 1918 Taffy Baqhubeka kanjena isikhathi esithile e Kiev, lapho wayeqondeni ukuqhuba bevela zomphakathi ke, ngemva eyathatha iminyaka eyikhulu nengxenye ezulazula eningizimu yeRussia (ngokusebenzisa Odessa, Novorossiysk futhi Ekaterinodar) bona ufinyelelwe, ekugcineni, ngokusebenzisa waseConstantinople ngokwawo kuze Paris. Encwadini yakhe ethi "Izinkumbulo" (eyanyatheliswa ngo-1931), engesiyo memoir ngomqondo truest izwi, kodwa kunalokho kuphela indaba ngokuphila kwakhe, Taffy wakwazi ngokucacile futhi ngokuphelele kabusha wonke umzila bevakashile, futhi wabhala ukuthi akazange alilahle ithemba okwesikhathi okusheshayo ukubuyela ubuhlungu eMoscow lwakubo.

Kokubili temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba futhi ukuxokozela Taffy ngemva ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe kuye ngokuphawulekayo sithuthukiswe abanye bedabukile, ngisho Motifs kancane ebuhlungu. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba ukulangazelela izwe lakhe bomdabu - omunye uyabaqinisa nezinkinga ezingokomzwelo abokufika abaningi. Futhi hhayi kubo kuphela. Wenzani lapho isikhathi eside ungabizi abangane bakho nezihlobo, awazi ukuthi kwenzekani kubo? Kunjalo, ukuba ecasukile futhi ucindezelekile, ngeke uthole indawo yena.

Ithoni Taffy izindaba ngokuya ihlanganisa ezinye inothi kanzima futhi ngokushesha kube nokubuyisana. Ngokusho iningi umbhali, kuba nesikhathi esinzima, okuyinto edabula isizukulwane yayo, nakuba kungamelwe nangayiphi indlela ukwazile abanakushintsha umthetho elaphakade, ngezinye izikhathi kwakunzima ukuhlukanisa injabulo yesikhashana yalesi usizi, isikhathi eside ukwenza kuyinsakavukela.

Esikhathini esizayo, sonke Second neMpi Yezwe kanye nomsebenzi alandelayo Taffy ngasinda ngaphandle kokushiya Paris. Nokho, ngezikhathi ezithile wayesalokhu bavumelana ukukhuluma ukufunda imisebenzi yabo siqu disparate basemazweni okufika izilaleli, okuyinto liya kancane minyaka yonke. Nokho, eminyakeni yayo post-yimpi Taffy kwakuhluke kakhulu umatasa memoir imidwebo abantu ababephila ngesikhathi sabo sokuqala - kusukela Aleksandra Kuprina futhi Konstantin Balmont ukuze Grigoriya Rasputina.

Life Taffy waya eParis lapho ngo-October 6, 1952, eshiya lwegciwane isiko enkulu benu bukhule isikhathi eside, kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni, hhayi nokwelukiweyo ngokugcwele umqhele wamathalenta kwezincwadi kweqiniso.