ULidiya Ginzburg: i-biography emfushane namaqiniso athakazelisayo

I-Ginzburg Lydia Yakovlevna - umgxeka onobuchwephesha obhaliwe futhi ocingayo kanye nommemezeli. Izinkumbulo zakhe zakha isisekelo sezincwadi eziningi eziphathelene nabalobi kanye nezimbongi zekhulu lama-20. Izincwadi zakhe zikwenza ucabange futhi ucabange, imisindo yabo yefilosofi nezengqondo ithinta inhliziyo nengqondo.

Ubuntwana

E-1902 ekude, uLidia Yakovlevna Ginzburg wazalelwa emndenini we-bacteriologist owaziwa kahle, ophiko lwakhe olufushane olubuyela edolobheni elwandle elomsindo.

I-Odessa enebanga elingenamkhawulo olwandle futhi idolobha elikhungathekile laliyindawo yokuzalwa yommeli wesikhathi esizayo. Lapha wayehlala nabazali bakhe, mfowethu, umalume, emndenini wakhe wakhulela kusukela eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye emva kokufa kukayise.

Intsha

Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, waphumelela esikoleni esiphakeme, futhi ngaphambi kokuba abe yisinqumo: iyiphi indlela yokuphila engayikhetha? Yini okufanele uzinikezele ebusheni bakho nangomuso wesikhathi esizayo?

Umzalwane, ejabule emidlalo yaseshashalazini futhi edala indawo yakhe yaseshashalazini encane, wammema ukuba adlale esiteji sakhe. Ngaphezulu konyaka uLydia Ginzburg wazama ukuzibandakanya nomdlali we-actress, ekhuluma no-Arkady Pogodin noRina Zelena.

Kodwa ikhono lokubambisana laliyinto engeyona engokwemvelo emphakathini we-Lidia, nakuba wayenemizamo edingekayo yokuba ngumdlali odumile.

Ukuqala komsebenzi wesayensi

Ngo-1922, ngemva kokungabaza nokucabanga okukhulu, uLydia Ginzburg wathuthela ePetrograd, obani nobuciko bakhe nobuciko manje abathola isiqondiso esisha.

Intombazane encane ingena kwi-Institute of Art History ku-Faculty of Medicine Verbal. Ngemuva kweminyaka emine, emva kokuphothula iziqu, abaphathi bayishiya kule sikhungo sezemfundo bese beyihumusha baba izisebenzi zesayensi.

Kusukela ngo-1926, umfundi osemncane oqeqeshwe iziqu uqala ukusebenza emisebenzini yakhe yokuqala yesayensi emkhakheni wezincwadi nezincwadi. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ubhekisela ku "formalism yaseRussia" - umphakathi ofundela inkolelo yolimi lwezinkondlo, futhi futhi eduze kwe-avant-garden yesayensi nokubhala - ehlola imiqondo emisha, ukucaciswa okuphezulu kwesifundo esivezwe. Baze bahlela nokushicilela imisebenzi kaLydia Ginzburg emaqoqweni amaRadiks noBat of Archimedes.

Usosayensi wokuqala wayezifundela izinhlobonhlobo, izinkumbulo, idayari, i-autobiographies, ngenxa yokuthi yakha kanjani inkolelo yakhe "yezincwadi eziphakathi", ukubaluleka kwayo kanye nomthelela kumasiko omphakathi.

Izikhathi zokucindezelwa

Isikhathi sekupheleni kwe-1920s ekuqaleni kwawo-1930 sabonakala ngokuhlaselwa kabuhlungu ezimfundisweni zesikole "esihlelekile" esihlangothini seziphathimandla, futhi kamuva ekushushisweni kabuhlungu kwabalandeli balo mbono.

Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kwesinqumo, isikhungo lapho uLydia Ginzburg asebenza khona bevaliwe, futhi lo wesifazane osemusha naye waphoqeleka ukuba abe uthisha ojwayelekile emnyangweni wezemisebenzi. Ngo-1933, uLydia Yakovlevna wasinda ngisho nokuboshwa kwamasonto amabili, okwakungekho nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Ukwakhiwa kokudala

Ngo-1935, uGinzburg uLydia Yakovlevna wangeniswa eMnyangweni Wabalobi, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva wavikela ukukhulunywa kwakhe kwezobuchwepheshe eNyuvesi yaseLeningrad nomsebenzi wakhe wokucwaninga "I-Creative Path yaseLermontov."

I-Great Great Patriotic War owesifazane ohlangene eLeningrad, obhekene nokubi kakhulu emlandweni wokuvimba, wangcwaba umama wakhe, owafa ngendlala.

Zonke izinto ezesabekayo nezokuhlukumezeka kweLydia Ginzburg evinjelwe kubonakala emibonweni yakhe eyalandela, kanye nasezincwadini ezisekelwe ekukhunjweni kwabafakazi bokuzibonela.

Naphezu kokwesaba okwenzekayo kanye nemizwa yakhe, ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uLydia Yakovlevna wazama ukuzuza izwe lomama, wasebenza njengomhleli wekomidi lezomsakazo. Izinhlelo nezinhlelo zakhe ezikhuthazayo zaphefumulela ukuthokoza nokuzethemba kwabantu abalambile, abahluphekayo, babanjwe umoya wokuthanda izwe langempela nomhlaba wezwe labo. Ngenxa yesibindi nesibindi esingaqondakali uGinzburg Lidia Yakovlevna wanikezwa umdanso "Ukuvikela uLeningrad." Lokhu kwenzeka ehlobo lika-1943.

Ubunjiniyela esikhathini sokuthunyelwa kwempi

Kodwa nje kuphela ngemva kokuphela kwempi egazini, owesifazane onesibindi wawela ngaphansi kokungcoliswa kwemibono "njengokwethenjelwa". Ngenxa yalokhu, wayengenakuthola umsebenzi eLyunivesithi yaseLeningrad, waphoqeleka ukuba athathe isikhundla seprofesa obambisene nomnyango wezincwadi ePetrozavodsk. Ukube kwakungazange kube nokufa kukaStalin, uLydia Ginzburg kungenzeka ukuthi wawela ngaphansi kwesihloko esabekayo "isitha sabantu" futhi walahlekelwa umsebenzi kuphela noma inkululeko, kodwa nokuphila.

Ngo-1957 u-Lidia Yakovlevna washicilela i-monograph ku-Herzen. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lona wesifazane uye wazibiza njengososayensi oqhubekayo, kodwa futhi njengomqondo wezinto eziphilayo ngokujulile weSoviet Union, okwenzela abantu abaningi ukukhanya nokubhala ngokomoya.

Kamuva, i-Ginzburg yakhicilela imisebenzi ebhaliwe ebalulekile njengokuthi "Ku-prose engokwengqondo," "Kumagama," "Izincwadi ekusesheni iqiniso," "Kudala nakusha."

"Amanothi omuntu ovimbekile"

Lesi sikhathi esibi kakhulu, abaningi ababenaso emzini ohlala kuwo, sabonakala emsebenzini wakhe uLydia Ginzburg - "Amanothi Omuntu Wokuvimbezela." Umqondo wokubhala incwadi awufikile ngokushesha, kodwa kuphela isikhathi lapho eqala ukucabanga ngalokho lezo zinsuku ezide zokuvinjelwa kweLeningrad zenzelwe inkumbulo yabantu.

Umsebenzi awusekelwe ezinkumbulo zombhali wedwa. Ngaphambi kokunikeza labashicileli incwadi, uLydia Ginzburg wachitha isikhathi esiningi ekhuluma nabasindile bokuvimbela, wayezindla ngokujulile ukuthi angasho kanjani iqiniso okufanele lichazwe noma lichazwe kumfundi ongabonwanga.

Futhi nakuba lo mlando uqhutshwa egameni lomuntu ogama lakhe lingu-En, kuvele kucacile ukuthi ungumfanekiso wokubambisana nomgomo, futhi ukuthi umlingisi oyinhloko wale ncwadi nguMfazi onenhlamvu enkulu.

Owesifazane owakwazi ukubekezelela indlala nokubandayo, obona ukuthi abathandekayo bakhe babulawa, futhi wazama ukuzisiza, ezazimi emigqeni emide ecezu lesinkwa nalapho impilo yomndeni wonke ixhomeke khona.

Futhi nakuba lo wesifazane egula futhi elambile, nakuba ehamba ngokungazi kahle ekhaya, uyinqobe langempela emzabalazweni wokuphila kwazo zonke izihlobo kanye nezwe lonke.

Futhi labo abangenakukwazi ukubekezelela ukuhlushwa nokuhlupheka futhi bafela ukholo, nabo banqoba, ngoba bashiye inzalo yabo isibonelo sokubaluleka kokulwa nokungayeki.

Mayelana nesikhathi sokuvinjelwa, kunezincwadi eziningi ezihlukene futhi zilotshwe ngabakazi bokuzibonela, izazi-mlando kanye nososayensi bezombangazwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uLidia Ginzburg ubonisa kanjani imizwa nemizwa yabantu abampofu emsebenzini wakhe. "Amanothi omuntu ovimbekile" agcwele ukufutheka nokuhlupheka, ukulamba nokubandayo, kodwa hhayi ukwesaba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi owesifazane onesibindi kakhulu, oye wabhekana nakho konke okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe siqu, akakakaze abe nesibindi. Wayehlale eyazi ukuthi kwakudingeka ukugcina nokuqhubeka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubiza.

Abanamakhono, abalulekile nabangempela "Amanothi omuntu ovimbela" ahunyushwe futhi ashicilelwe ngezilimi eziningi zomhlaba.

"Amanothi"

Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile obhalwe yiGinzburg yiyona "Amanothi" akhe. Lezi yizikhumbuzo kanye nezinkumbulo zezenzakalo kanye nabantu ababajwayele kusukela empilweni yomlobi yena kanye nabantu abakuzungezile.

ULydia Yakovlevna wayejwayelene kakhulu nobuntu abaningi obuvelele, njengoMayakovsky, u-Akhmatova, uMandelstam. Wayenengqondo ebukhali nokubona okuhle, isilawuli esicacile esiphilayo kanye nomuntu ngamunye, incazelo ejulile yencazelo. Ngakho-ke, "Ama-Notebooks" athakazelisa kakhulu futhi azijabulisi nje kuphela kubafundi bezincwadi, kodwa nakwabantu abavamile.

Kusukela emakhasini aseGinzburg ungathola ukuthi yiziphi izinkondlo ezidumile, abakhiqizi nabalobi, lapho babezizwela khona, ukuthi babehamba ngani kulabo noma kwezinye izimo ...

Ebona imininingwane encane futhi ihlolisisa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zobungqingili, uLydia Yakovlevna wenza abafundi babheke abadumile kusukela ohlangothini olufihlekile emphakathini iminyaka eminingi.

Le ncwadi iqukethe nokuhlaziya okujulile nokuzindla ezweni elizungezile, ezincwadini nasebucikweni, okwenza umuntu acabange ngokusobala, ukubona okungaqondakali, uphinde ucabangele imibono nezinkolelo zabo.

Ukuhlakanipha Okusebenzayo

Umnikelo uGinzburg awulethele ezincwadini zasekhaya akugcini kuphela ememori kanye nezinkumbulo zakhe kuphela.

Efundisiwe futhi eqondakalayo, ebona imininingwane encane nokwazi ukuthi ungafika kanjani enhliziyweni yendaba, ngobuhlakani nokukhonkolo - lowo wayengumlobi omuhle uLydia Yakovlevna Ginzburg, izingcaphuno kanye nama-aphorisms okubhekwa njengento efanele futhi efundisa.

Nazi ezinye zazo:

• "Kuyinto enzima ukuthi kulula ukungajabuli." Injabulo, njengazo zonke izinto ezinhle, inikelwa ngobunzima. "
• "Ukuguga okuphelele kuwukuqeda amandla emvelo nokubuyisana."
• "Umuntu ohlukumeza ngenxa yenkolelo yakhe angakholelwa: umuntu ohlukumeza intukuthelo yakhe anganciphisa." Nguye kuphela olimazwa ukwesaba ongenakuvuthwa futhi onamandla. "

Ukufa komlobi

Ukuguga komlobi kwakujabule futhi kuhlonishwa. I-Lydia Ginzburg ekhulile, izithombe zakhe nezingxoxo ezavela ezincwadini eziningi, ezincwadi zayo ezanyatheliswa ngezici ezibalulekile futhi zifunda emhlambini, zafa eneminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalombili, zizungezwe abalobi abasha, abahlonishwa kakhulu.

Ummemezeli onethalente uye waphila impilo ende futhi enzima, kodwa enenzuzo kakhulu.