Viscosity Kinematic. Mechanics fluid

viscosity Kinematic kuwuphawu ayisisekelo azo zonke igesi kanye nabezindaba ketshezi. Lesi sibalo kubalulekile ekutholeni hudula we ukudla okuqinile ezihambayo nomthwalo wherein they ukuzwa. Njengoba wazi, ezweni lethu kukhona ukunyakaza emoyeni noma imvelo yasemanzini. Ngakho emzimbeni ezihambayo njalo kuthinte amandla Vector okuyinto okuphambene esiqondisweni ukunyakazisa lezinto ngokwazo. Ngakho, ayanda viscosity kinematic medium, kulapho umthwalo abhekana naso okuqinile. Kuyini ubunjalo izakhiwo uketshezi kanye amagesi?

viscosity Kinematic, ichazwa ngokuthi ngomshikisho yangaphakathi kungenxa ukudluliswa umfutho ejenti molecule perpendicular kokuqondisa motion Icwele kokuba aphenduka ngejubane elingafani. Ngokwesibonelo, e uketshezi ngamunye amayunithi ezihlelekile (i-molecule) uzungezwe nxazonke by omakhelwane bayo eliseduze zitholakala cishe kude elilingana ubukhulu babo. Ingqamuzana ngalinye ububanzi emhlabeni okuthiwa yakhoibrium isikhundla, kodwa ukuthatha i-pulse omakhelwane bayo, kwenza gxuma abukhali maphakathi nendawo entsha oscillation. Umbutho yesibili kwesakhiwo, izidakamizwa ngamunye onjalo isikhathi ukushintsha indawo yokuhlala wakhe mayelana izikhathi million eziyikhulu, okwenza phakathi kuzuba eyodwa kuya emakhulwini ezinkulungwane ukuhluka. Yiqiniso, lo mkhulu nokuxhumana yamangqamuzana, kancane ukuhamba iyunithi ngayinye kwesakhiwo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izidakamizwa ezingaphezu viscosity kinematic.

Uma kukhona njalo amabutho-molecule zangaphandle isinyathelo ingxenye izingqimba eduze, bese isiqondiso kuyizinhlayiyana asitholayo ukufuduka okukhulu ngoba iyunithi owanikwa isikhathi kuka kolunye uhlangothi. Ngakho-ke, it is iguqulwe ibe kunezinxushunxushu nokuzula ukunyakaza ehlelekile isivinini ethile, kuye ngokuthi amabutho siphile ngokuvumelana nalo. Okunjalo esingokwemvelo viscosity, isib, motor amafutha. Kukhona ebaluleke yokuthi sinamathela kuyizinhlayiyana olucutshungulwayo amabutho angaphandle kokwenza umsebenzi eyinqaba ngaphandle zezendlalelo okuyothi ekucindezela engqamuzaneni. ukuchayeka okunjalo ekugcineni kwandisa izinga ezishisayo ezinyakazayo okungahleliwe izinhlayiya, okuyinto akashintshi njengoba isikhathi sihamba. Ngamanye amazwi, lo mbhalo uketshezi libhekene iyunifomu naphezu ukuchayeka njalo amabutho angaphandle bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene ngoba kuhambisana langaphakathi ukumelana izingqimba impahla ukuthi ngokunembile ichaza viscosity kinematic.

Njengoba izinga lokushisa kwandisa ukuhamba molecule uqala ukwandisa, okuholela ezinye Ukwehla ukumelana izingqimba ezibonakalayo iyiphi into osuke usushisa kakade enezimo ezingcono ukuze ukunyakaza khulula izinhlayiya bebheke force applied. Lokhu kungenziwa kuqhathaniswa indlela umuntu kuba lula ukungena izixuku nemiyalezo ezihambayo kuka isilungisiwe. Enye inkomba abalulekile viscosity kinematic, ulinganiswa Pascals noma Stokes-imizuzwana babe izixazululo polymer. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona e isakhiwo sabo eside amaketanga yamangqamuzana kuthiwa isandla axhunyiwe. Kodwa nge okwandisa izinga lokushisa ngesilinganiso viscosity yabo incipha ngokushesha. Lapho ngokucindezela ka filamentary plastic wakhe molecule bizarrely okwakuthandelene ngenkani ukuthatha isikhundla esisha.

I viscosity igesi ezingeni lokushisa 20 ° C no-umfutho womoya ka 101,3 Pa kuba komyalelo wokungabi 10 ^-5 Pa * s. Ngokwesibonelo, viscosity kinematic umoya, helium, umoya-mpilo ne-hydrogen ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo kuyoba alingane ngokulandelana ukuze 1.82 * 10 ^-5; 1.96 * 10 ^-5; 2.02 * 10 ^-5; 0.88 * 10 ^-5 Pa s. A -helium uketshezi ngokuvamile possesses isimanga izakhiwo superfluid. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa, sitholwe Academician PL Kapitsa itholakala lokuthi ukuthi izinsimbi asebenzayo ezifana isimo aggregate has cishe awekho viscosity. Ngaye, lesi sibalo cishe zero.