Ukugeleza magnetic

Ukusebenzisa imigqa yamandla, umuntu akanakukhombisa kuphela isiqondiso sendawo yamagnetic, kodwa futhi uveza ubukhulu bokungeniswa kwalo.

Sivumelwane ukuqhuba imigqa yamandla ngendlela yokuthi ku-1 cm2 yendawo, ngokulandelana kwe-vect induction ngesikhathi esithile, inani lemigqa lidlule elilingana nokufakwa kwensimu kuleli phuzu.

Endaweni lapho ukufakwa kwensimu kukhulu khona, imigqa yamandla izoba yimbi kakhulu. Futhi, ngokuphambene, lapho ukufakwa kwensimu kuyingcosana, kancane kancane, kanye nemigqa yamandla.

Ngakho-ke, ngokubaluleka kwemigqa yamandla ensimu yamagnetic, ubukhulu bokungeniswa kwalo bukwahlulelwa, futhi ngokuya emigqeni yamandla, isiqondiso salesi veksi siyahlulelwa.

Ukubheka i-spectre magnetic yomsindo oqondile kanye nekhoyili kubonisa ukuthi ngokukhipha umqhubi, ukufakwa kwe-magnetic field kunciphisa, ngaphezu kwalokho ngokushesha kakhulu.

Insimu yamagnetic enezingeniso ezingalingani kumaphuzu ahlukene abizwa ngokuthi awunifomu. Insimu engeyona homogeneous yinkambu ye-current rectilinear neyindilinga, insimu ngaphandle kwe-solenoid, insimu yamagnet okuhlala unomphela , njll.

Insimu yamagnetic ene-induction efanayo kuwo wonke amaphuzu ibizwa ngokuthi insimu ehambisanayo. Ngokwemifanekiso, insimu ye-magnetic homogeneous imelwe imigqa yamandla, okuyizingqimba ezifanayo ezifanayo.

Isibonelo sensimu ehambisanayo yinsimu ngaphakathi kwe-solenoid ende, kanye nensimu phakathi kwezingcezu eziphambene eziphambene eziphambene ze-electromagnet.

Umkhiqizo wokufakelwa kwensimu yamagnetic ukungena kulolu circuit kuya endaweni yesifunda kuthiwa i-magnetic flux yokufakelwa kwamagnetic, noma nje ukukhanya kwamagnetic.

Incazelo yamnika futhi yafunda izakhiwo zayo isiNgisi physicist - Faraday. Wathola ukuthi lo mqondo usenza sikwazi ukucabangela ngokujulile uhlobo olubumbene lwezinto ezimangalisayo nezigesi.

Ukukhomba umthamo wamagnetic ngencwadi Φ, endaweni yesigcawu S kanye ne-angle emkhatsini wokuqondisa kwe-induction vector B nendawo evamile n endaweni yenkambiso α, singabhala ukulingana okulandelayo:

Ф = S S cos α.

I-flux magnetic iyinqwaba ye-scalar.

Njengoba ubukhulu bemigqa yamandla ensimu yamagnetic engaqondakali kulingana nokufakelwa kwayo, i-flux magnetic ilingana nalo lonke inani lemigqa yamandla ehambisana nomjikelezo owenziwe.

Ngeshintsho ensimini, ukukhanya kwamagnetic okuhlabayo umjikelezo nakho kuyashintsha: lapho amandla ensimu ekhuphuka, landa, ne-attenuation iyancipha.

I-unit of magnetic flux ohlelweni lwe-SI, kutholakala umfudlana ogcwele indawo engamamitha angu-1 emkhakheni we-uniform magnetic, ngokufakwa kwe-1 Vb / m², futhi etholakala ngokulandelana kwe-induction vector. Iyunithi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Weber:

1 WB = 1 WB / m² ˖ 1 m².

I-flux magnetic flux ehlukahlukene idala insimu kagesi ngemigqa yensimu evaliwe (insimu kagesi ye-vortex). Insimu enjalo ibonakala kumqhubi njengomsebenzi wezinto ezingaphandle. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukufakelwa kwe-electromagnetic, namandla okugcoba, okwenzeka kulokhu - ukufakwa kwe-EMF.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhanya kwamagnetic kwenza kube lula ukuveza wonke amagnetti (noma yimuphi omunye umthombo wensimu yamagnetic) yonke . Ngenxa yalokho, uma ukungeniswa kwe-magnetic kwenza kube lula ukuveza isenzo saso kunoma yikuphi iphuzu elilodwa, khona-ke ukuphuma kwamagnetic kuphelele. Yebo, singasho ukuthi lesi yisici sesibili esibaluleke kakhulu sensimu yamagnetic. Ngakho-ke, uma ukufakelwa kwe-magnetic kuthatha amandla njengendlela yamandla kagesi, i-flux magnetic iyisici sayo samandla.

Ukubuyela ekuhlolweni, singabuye futhi ukuthi wonke ama-coil ajika angacatshangwa njenge-loop evaliwe ehlukile. Isifunda esifanayo lapho i-magnetic flow of the vector of induction magnetic izodlula. Kulesi simo, kuyodingeka ukuthi kuqashelwe ukufakwa kwamanje kagesi. Ngakho-ke, ingaphansi kwethonya le-magnetic flux ukuthi insimu kagesi ifakwe kumqhubi ovaliwe. Futhi-ke le nsizwa kagesi yakha umbane kagesi.