UJohn Glenn: umndeni, umfazi, isithombe, ubude bendiza

UJohn Glenn (isithombe sibeka phambili kulesi sihloko) - owokuqala waseMelika owahamba emhlabeni wonke, okwesibili wehla emlandweni lapho eminyakeni engu-77 eba ngumdala endala owavakashela isikhala. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba umqhubi wezindiza ehlonishwe njengeqhawe lesizwe, wabeka ukuphila kwakhe engozini ngenxa yezwe lakhe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa.

Biography

UJohn Herschel Glenn Jr. wazalwa ngoJulayi 18, 1921 eCambridge, Ohio, emndenini kaJohn noTeresa Sprout Glenn. Edlala e-orchestra yesikole, wahlangana no-Anna Margaret Castor, okwathi ngemva kwalokho waxhuma isiphetho sakhe. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu, wafunda eMaskingham College, lapho athola khona i-bachelor degree in engineering mechanical. Ngemva kokuhlaselwa eJapan ePearl Harbor, u-Glenn waba i-cadet e-Naval Air Force. Phakathi neMhlaba Wesibili wenza izinkambo ezingu-59.

U-Glenn wabe esekhonza njengomfundisi wokuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa kwezindiza eCorpus Christi, eTexas. Wenza izinkathazo ezingu-90 eKorea, ebamba ama-MiG amathathu ngesikhathi sokulwa kwezinsuku ezingu-9 zokugcina.

Ngemuva kwalokho, uJohn Glenn waphumelela eSikoleni Sokuhlola Pilot esikhungweni se-US Naval Test Centre, wabe eseqhubeka njengesikhulu sephrojekthi ngendiza eziningana. Kwaphela iminyaka emibili nesigamu, waya emakilasini e-University of Maryland ngenkathi esebenza emnyangweni wezempi we-Fighter Aeronautics Administration, owawunqotshwa yi-Bureau of Naval Weapons.

NgoJulayi 1957 uJohn wabeka irekhodi lejubane, ehamba ngezinyawo amahora amathathu nemizuzu engu-23 esuka eLos Angeles eya eNew York. Kwakuyizindiza zokuqala ezweni lonke ngejubane elijwayelekile elidlula ijubane lomsindo.

I-astronaut uJohn Glenn wabuyiselwa izikhathi ezingu-6 ngeSiphambano Sokuhamba Kwezindiza kanye neminye imiklomelo eminye yempi. Yena nomkakhe banezingane ezimbili.

I-Detachment "I-Mercury 7"

Entwasahlobo ka-1959, u-Glenn wakhethwa njengomhlanganyeli ohlelweni lweMercury 7. Waba yingxenye yombutho wabadlali bokuqala futhi kwakuyi-Understudy yabaseMelika ababili bokuqala ababehlala endaweni, u-Alan Shepard noViril "Gus" Griss.

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-United States yahlanganyela emncintiswaneni wesikhala neSoviet Union. U-Yuri Gagarin ngo-Ephreli 12, 1961 waqala ukungena esikhaleni sangaphandle, ngaphambi kuka-Alan Shepard engaphansi kwenyanga. Wayenguye owokuqala owavakashela i-orbit eliseduzane nendawo yomhlaba futhi wenza izinguquko eziphelele emhlabeni wonke.

UJohn Glenn: Ngo-1962 wendiza yemlando

Ngo-February 20, 1962, i-United States yabonisa ukuthi banomlingani ofanayo nabadlali. Esikebheni sangaphambilini emkhathini uShepard noGriss umkhumbi wabo awuzange wenze ukuguqulwa okuphelele emhlabeni wonke - lokhu kwenziwa nguJohn Glenn. Ubude bezindiza cishe amahora angu-5. Egibele i-capsule, wahamba ngoMhlaba izikhathi ezintathu, ehamba ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-27 350 km / h, endaweni engamakhilomitha angama-260.

Kodwa indlela yakhe yayingenasengozini. Ngemuva kokuphenduka kokuqala, izinkinga zomshini ngesistimu yokulawula othomathikhi zidinga uJohn ukuba aqondise ngesandla indiza. Lezi zinzwa nazo zabonisa ukuthi isihlangu esishisayo, okwakufanele sivikele abajikelezi bezinto ezivela emazingeni okushisa abulalayo okwakhiwa uma singena emkhathini, sasingekho. Ukuze azivikele yena lapho ebuyela eMhlabeni, u-Glenn wagcina iphakheji ngesistimu ye-freed propulsion system. Ukuhlolwa kwesibili kwesistimu yokulawula kubonise ukuthi isibonakaliso sasilungile. Isihlangu sasihlelekile, kepha ukuzwa kwakungaba buhlungu.

Umsebenzi wezopolitiki

UJohn Glenn washiya i-Marine Corps ngo-1965 esigabeni sikoloni. Kwaphela iminyaka eyishumi wasebenza njengomqondisi webhizinisi. Ngo-1974, wakhethwa eSenate yase-US. I-Democrat evela e-Ohio yenze umkhankaso ngenkuthalo yokuxhasa imali yesayensi, imfundo kanye nokuhlola isikhala. Ngo-1984, wenza umzamo ongaphumeleli wokuqoka umengameli weDemocratic Party. U-Glenn wayenguSenator kuze kube ngu-1999.

Ngesikhathi sakhe eSenate, waba ngumlobi omkhulu we-Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act ka-1978, owayenguSihlalo wekomidi lezindaba zikahulumeni kusukela ngo-1987 kuya ku-1995, wabamba iqhaza kwiKomidi lezangaphandle kanye neKomidi lezinsizakalo zezokuPhepha kanye nekomidi elikhangayo lokuguga.

Ukuhamba kwesibili

Naphezu kokuguga kwakhe , uJohn Glenn akazange aqede uhlelo lwesikhala. Ngo-Okthoba 29, 1998, ngenkathi esengummeli wenhlangano, waphinde wehla emlandweni, ehamba ngezindiza ekuthunjweni kokutholakala kwempahla, ukuba abe ngumhambi wesikhala esidala kunazo zonke. Lezindiza zazinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye. U-Glenn wasebenza njengochwepheshe we-payload futhi wahlanganyela ekuvivinyweni okwadingeka ahlole ukuthi umzimba wakhe oneminyaka engu-77 ubudala uzobhekana kanjani nokulinganisa. Umkhumbi wabuye wafaka i-satellite ye-SPARTAN, eyenzelwe ukutadisha umoya we-solar, kanye nemishini yokulondolozwa kwe-telescope ye-Hubble. Ngesikhathi sezindiza, i-shuttle yahamba izikhathi ezingu-134, ngemva kokuhamba amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-5,8 emahoreni angu-213 nemizuzu engu-44.

Ukubamba iqhaza kukaGlenn embusweni wezinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye kwagxeka omunye umphakathi wesikhala njengomsebenzi wezepolitiki owawunikezwa uGlenn nguMongameli Clinton. Kodwa-ke, ukuhamba kwe-astronaut kwanikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile ekufundweni kwesenzo sokungabi nesisindo nezinye izici zendiza yesikhala kumuntu ofanayo ngezikhathi ezimbili zokuphila kwakhe, okwahlukaniswa iminyaka engu-36, okuyinto namuhla ephakathi nesikhathi eside kunazo zonke phakathi kwezindiza zemvelo zomuntu ofanayo. Ukubamba iqhaza kukaGlenn kwahlinzeka ngolwazi ngemiphumela yendiza nokungabi namandla kulabo asebekhulile. Ngaphambi nje kokuqala, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ususwe kwelinye lezilingo ezimbili eziyinhloko (ngokuphathelene ne-melatonin), njengoba engahlangabezane neminye yezokwelapha. Kodwa uJohn wahlanganyela kwezinye izivivinyo ezimbili ukuqapha ukulala nokusetshenziswa kwamaprotheni.

Ngo-2012, u-Glenn wathola uMongameli weMengameli weNkululeko. Uphinde wabamba iqhaza ekuqothulweni kwe-shuttle isikhala, nakuba egxeke ukuqedwa kohlelo, okuholela ekubambezelekeni kocwaningo.

Nakuba ukuhamba kwe-Glenn okwesibili emkhathini kwakuhluke kakhulu kokuqala, kokubili kwakungokomlando, ukurekhoda amarekhodi. Kodwa-ke, iningi lamaMelika liyohlala likhumbuza njalo njengoMelika wokuqala wokungena emhlabeni.

UJohn Glenn: umndeni

U-Glenn no-Annie Castor bahlangana kuqala - ngokoqobo - enkundleni yezingane. E-New Concord, e-Ohio, abazali babo babengabangane. Lapho imindeni ihlangana ndawonye, izingane zidlale.

UJohn - i-pilot-fighter ezayo ye-Navy, imbongolo yesikhathi esizayo kanye nomshayeli wokuhlola, i-cosmonaut ezayo - kusukela ekuqaleni kwakuyinhlangano enenzuzo. Ekugcineni, ngesikhathi sokuncintisana kwesikhala, waba yindoda ethandekayo kunazo zonke e-US, kodwa kwakusho ukuthini ukuba ngumncane uJohn Glenn eNew Concord?

U-Annie Castor wayengumoya oqhakazile, onakekelayo, onolwazi nokuphana. Kodwa wayengakwazi ukukhuluma ngobunzima obukhulu. Ukunyakaza kwakhe kwakunamandla kakhulu kangangokuthi kwachazwa njengokukhubazeka kwamaphesenti angu-85, ngoba wayengenakusho igama elingama-85 amaphesenti wesikhathi.

Lapho ezama ukufunda inkondlo esikoleni esiphansi, wahleka. U-Annie akakwazanga ukukhuluma efonini. Wayengeke akhulume nabangane bakhe.

Futhi uJohn Glenn walithanda.

Ungumshayeli womshayeli wempi

Njengomfana, waqaphela ukuthi abantu abangazange bamqonde ngenxa yokuqhuma, bephuthelwa ithuba lokufunda intombazane engavamile futhi emangalisayo.

Bashade ngo-Ephreli 6, 1943. Njengomfazi wesosha, wathola ukuthi ukuphila ezweni kungaba nzima kakhulu. Emasitolo, wahamba ngezinyawo ezingakajwayelekile, ezama ukuthola umnyango ofanelekile, engafuni ukucela othile usizo. Ngetekisi kwakudingeka abhalele umshayeli, ngoba wayengeke akwazi ukubiza indawo ngokuzwakalayo. Ekudleni, uvele ekhomba izinto ezikuyo imenyu.

Umculi omnandi, u-Annie kuzo zonke izigceme, lapho yena noJohane bathuthela khona, badlala esithombeni sesonto ukuze benze abangane abasha. Wayesaba ukusebenzisa ifoni, ngoba kwakunzima kakhulu kuye ukuthi "allo". U-Annie wayethuka ukucabanga ngezimo lapho azodinga khona ukubiza udokotela. Ingabe uzokhetha amagama azobika ngokungajabuli?

Ukuze upake i-pack of chewing gum

U-Glenn, njenge-aviator yezindiza, eqhubeka nokusebenza kwempi elandelayo yokulwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II naphakathi kwempi eKorea, isikhathi ngasinye sisho ngokufanayo. "Ngisemuva kwepakethe yegamu esitolo ekhoneni," kusho uJohn Glenn. Umkakhe wayephendula njalo: "Kuphela isikhathi eside kuphela."

NgoFebruwari 1962, lapho izwe lonke, ngokuphefumula, lilindele ukwethulwa kwe-Atas rocket noGlenn ebhodini, lo mbhangqwana uthe uvumelane ngendlela efanayo. Futhi ngo-1998, lapho eneminyaka engu-77 ubudala wabuyela esikhaleni ngaphakathi kwe-shuttle Discovery. Lezi zinkathi ezinzima. Kuthiwani uma kwenzeka okuthile, futhi ukuphila kwabo kuphele ndawonye?

Wayazi ukuthi uzomtshela ngaphambi kokuba afike e-shuttle. Ngakho wakwenza, futhi ngalesi sikhathi wamnika isipho - iphakethe lokufuna i-gum. Wawugqoka ephaketheni lakhe lesifuba eduze nenhliziyo, kwaze kwafika uJohn ekhaya.

Ukwelashwa okumangalisayo

Izikhathi eziningi empilweni yakhe, u-Annie wazama ukuphulukisa ukuqhuma. Akekho owayengamsiza. Kodwa ngo-1973 eVirginia, wathola udokotela owenza uhlelo olujulile, njengoba, njengoba yena noJohn babenethemba, bangamsiza. U-Annie waya lapho. Isimangaliso, esasilindelwe yilo mbhangqwana sonke lesi sikhathi, sase siphelile. Lapho eneminyaka engu-53 ubudala, ukhulume okokuqala ngesikhashana, ehlathini, ebuhlungu, futhi wayengabonisa ngokucacile imicabango yakhe.

UJohn, ezwa okokuqala, njengoba ekhuluma ngokuqiniseka nangokucacile, wawa ngamadolo ukuze anikele ukubonga. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uhlale ekhuluma izinkulumo zomphakathi futhi evuka njalo ekhuluma amazwi ambalwa ezenzakalweni ezihilela u-Glenn.

Futhi ngokushesha nje lapho ethatha phansi, kubalulekile ukubheka amehlo omyeni wakhe.