Lapho uStalin esuswa eMausoleum? Kungani uStalin ethathwe eMausoleum?

Isiko lokuphonswa kwezithombe akuyona into entsha. Ngemuva kweCongress XX yeCPSU, izikhumbuzo zomholi weqembu, ezafa ngo-1953, zaqhubeka zimi e-USSR, kodwa eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu kamuva umholi weSoviet wakuthola kalula, wabayala ukuba baqale ukuwachitha. Futhi behluke - kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezilula kuya ezithombeni ezinkulu nasezinhlakeni ezincane eziqoshwe iziboshwa emabhange aseWolyma. Kodwa isikhumbuzo esibaluleke kunazo zonke kumuntu oshonile wasemkhulu, eMoscow, enhliziyweni yakhe. I-Stalin eMausoleum ihlezi eceleni kwesakhiwo esingasinakunyakaziswa, esingenakunqotshwa kanye nekhoneni elingasese, umama womdali wezwe lokuqala lokuhlalisana kwabantu, lapho yena ngokwakhe wakubeka khona. Ukuze iqhawe lamaLeninist imigomo yobuholi boNobhala Wokuqala weKomidi Elikhulu LeCPSU, NS Khrushchev, le ndawo yayingenakubekezelelwa.

Mausoleum noLenin

Ukuze sibhekane nemikhosi yeSoviet, ukubuyiswa okunye okudingekayo ekuqaleni kwa-1924, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya izenzakalo ezalandela ukufa kukaLenin.

Njengoba umholi weqembu leBolshevik engakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, uphinde waphatha uhlangothi lomkhuba wokuphila ngokufanele, okungukuthi, cishe nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Yiqiniso, phakathi neminyaka yeMpi Yomphakathi, kwakhiwe isethi ethile yamasiko, kuhambisane nokuhlaselwa kwabafelwa abafile ngenjabulo yabantu. Inqubo yomngcwabo yayihlanganisa, njengokubusa, ukwehla kwamabhantshi abomvu, ukusebenza ngebhodi yethusi yezingoma zeqembu - i-Internationale, izinkulumo (ngezinye izikhathi ezingafundile ezombangazwe) zamakhomishana ahlukene (hhayi njalo) (hhayi njalo azinqabile), ehambisana nezifungo zokuthembeka kanye nezithembiso zokuziphindiselela ku-counter .

Endabeni yomuntu ohloniphekile njengoLenin, lokhu kwakungenakwanele. Futhi-ke isazi esinemfundo ye-seminary engaphelele sijoyina inhlangano yomngcwabo, uComrade Stalin. E-Mausoleum, okwakhiwa kuqala ngamabhodi, kwakhiwa iphokisi, futhi wonke umuntu wayekwazi ukubheka umholi oshonile wabo bonke abalingiswa bezwe. Njengoba kwakukhona okuningi okunjalo, isikhathi sokufinyelela kwabantu emzimbeni kwandiswa, bese kwenziwa isinqumo sokugcina isidumbu ngokugcoba. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokulibaziseka okukhulu.

I-Mausoleum Science

Phakathi nesikhathi lapho umzimba kaLenin wawuseMausoleum, isayensi yeSoviet yenza inqwaba enkulu eqondisweni oluyingqayizivele. Futhi ngaphambi kwalokhu, kuye kwaba khona amacala okugcoba okugcoba, emazweni athile ezikhathini zasendulo abantu babefuna ukulondoloza izingqungquthela zabaphathi babo nobuntu obuphezulu, kodwa la makghono, afinyelele ezingeni lobuciko, ayegcinwa eyimfihlo, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu alahlekile.

Emlandweni wanamuhla, kunomlandu ohlotshaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokugcoba, okwakhiwa ngumhlinzeki omkhulu odokotela uPirogov, futhi wasebenzisa kuye ngemuva kokufa kwakhe. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yayinezinkolelo eziningi, kwakungekho lula ukuyiveza. Ngakho-ke, ama-anatomist aseSoviet kwakudingeka azakhele indlela yawo, ehlanganisa nokuphoqelelwa kuphela ukuhlinzwa kokuvikela izicubu, kodwa nokubuyiswa kwabo okuyingxenye. UStalin wahlala eMausoleum cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, isidumbu sakhe saqedwa futhi, ochwepheshe abasebenza ematoketheni akhethekile abhekane nokulondolozwa komama kaLenin, ngokucacile bathi ngisho nanamuhla, emva kwamashumi eminyaka elele ethuneni elivamile, kungenzeka ukuthi umzimba womholi wesibili waseSoviet Ngendlela ebekezeleleke ngokuphelele. Nakuba kukhona ukubhuka okunye.

Izintandokazi kuze kube phakade?

Umbuzo wokuthi kunconywa yini ukuveza isidumbu emphakathini jikelele namhlanje, kunalokho, ukuziphatha-ukuziphatha kunokuba kwezombangazwe. Inani labantu okuthiwa igama likaLenin lihlala lingcwele lingamakhulu kakhulu namuhla, nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi akekho nhlobo.

Ukuxhunyaniswa kwabantu abaningi baseSoviet kwakungumzimba kaJoseph Vissarionovich. Kusukela ngo-1953 kuya ku-1962, babesazi ukuthi umbusi omkhulu, u-Lenin noStalin babehlala eMausoleum. Izithombe zemizimba yazo zazingakaze zishicilelwe, kodwa noma ubani angazibona, eza eMoscow futhi emi eceleni. Kubonakala sengathi manje kuzohlale kufana nalokhu.

Ukunciphisa

Phakathi neminyaka yokubusa kukaStalin, "umuntu omusha" akazange adalwe, okudingekayo ekunqobeni okuphelele kobukhomanisi. Kodwa kwakukhona olunye uhlobo, olufanisa umholi wohlobo lweSoviet. Lo mlingisi uvame ukuvumelana nemibono yenhloko yeqembu, futhi uma engabaza, ngokuqinisekile ngokuhambisana nomugqa jikelele.

Ngokumangalisayo, kwakuyizindlela zokuphatha zikaStalin ezasetshenziswa ekwenzeni isinqumo sokukhipha isidumbu sika-unobhala-jikelele wephula umthetho weLeninist ohlwini lwamaSulumane asemthethweni eSoviet. Akuzona zonke izisebenzi ezisekela lesi sinyathelo sesitshalo saseKirov esivumelwane ngaphakathi naye. Lapho uStalin ekhishwa eMausoleum, amanye amalungu ekhomishana yokuvuselela kabusha ayekhala izinyembezi. Izandla ezimbalwa zomhlaba zaphonswa emlonyeni ovulekile wamathuna. Kwakungesibindi, kodwa ngaphambi kokubhikisha, kancane kancane lo mbhikisho awukwanele. Lapho isibindi sasihola khona izikhulu ezaziyingxenye yomngcwabo. Babenqaba ukusika izinkinobho ezenziwe zegolide kusukela ejokeni likaJV Stalin, njengoba owokuqala ephikelela, futhi waxoshwa. Kwakungekho omunye okweqile.

"Ukuqala okuvela ngaphansi"

Isiqalo esilungile sokususwa komzimba kaStalin kusukela eMausoleum kungunobhala wokuqala weqhaza lomhlangano weqembu lesifunda saseLeningrad. U-Spiridonov IV Kodwa wenza ngokuvumelana nesimiso esivamile sokwakhiwa kwesiqunto, ngokusho ukuthi amaKhomanisi amane asekela kanjani ukugijimela kwabantu abasebenza futhi, eqinisweni, ahamba phambili.

Umhlangano wezisebenzi zaseKirov kungenzeka ukuthi wenziwa, kodwa i-ajenda kanye nesinqumo kwaba, ngaphandle kokungabaza, okulungiselelwe kusengaphambili futhi kuvunyelwe "phezulu kakhulu". Isizinda esingokomlando iStalin esithathwe eMausoleum sibalulekile.

Unyaka ka-1961 waboniswa izenzakalo eziningi empilweni yezwe lonke. I-congress yeqembu elandelayo yayiphelile, XXII. Izindaba zangaphakathi akuyona indlela engcono kakhulu, amanani ayanda. Abantu abaningi abasebenza ngokukhululekile futhi ngokuzibandakanya baqhathanisa isikhathi sikaKrushchev nekhathi esedlule, lapho, ngokuphambene nalokho, banciphisa. Abantu bakhumbula okuhle kunokuba kubi. Ngisho nokushayela kokuqala komuntu endaweni futhi ukuhlola i-hydrogen enamandla kunazo zonke kungakhokhisa ukungabi khona kwenyama nama-sausage ezitolo kuphela.

Ubusuku nemfihlakalo

Ukususwa kukaStalin kusukela eMausoleum kwenzeke ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvota kweCongress. Kwenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo ne-reburial eduze nodonga lwe-Kremlin, lapho kwakukhona khona ithuna elibambe kusengaphambili, nezibani zifakwe kuso.

Kungakabiphi, bafake izihlangu ezibekwe plywood ezivimbela abahlanganyeli kule nqubo, kokubili abaphilayo nabafileyo, kusukela amehlo abanolwazi. Ukukhethwa kokungcwaba emathuneni akwaNovovicvichy kunqatshelwe ukuze kugweme imiphumela engalindelekile. Mhlawumbe konke okuvela emkhunjini wokubonisana kuya ekuthunjweni kwebhokisi.

Lapho uStalin esuswa eMausoleum, zonke izakhi zakhe eziyigugu njengegolide ze-epaulettes ze-Generalissimo, inkanyezi yeHero ye-Socialist Labour kanye nezinkinobho ezidumileyo, okwakushicilelwa ngazo ukubhebhelwa ngethusi, kwakususwa emfanweni yakhe. Umlando usho ukuthi ngubani okwenze lokhu.

Ukuvinjelwa kwendlela eya e-Red Square ngabambalwa abadlulayo ebusuku kwachazwa ukuthi i-parade yayilungiselelwa ngokuhlonishwa ngoNovemba 7.

I-Parade Yokugcina

Ngobusuku lapho uStalin esuswa khona eMausoleum, yena, engazi, wamukelwa amasosha aseSoviet. Izibhamu zamathangi zagubha ngamatshe aqoshiwe, izinjini zezimoto zokulwa ezihlaselwayo zaqhuma, futhi isinyathelo esinezinyosi zabantwana besilisa sasibonakala kusukela ezindongeni ze-Kremlin. Ukuphindaphindiwe kwenzekile, kepha eminyakeni eyisikhombisa eyedlule uMlawuli oPhezukonke oPhezukonke wayeyindoda yangempela.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umcibisholo phezu komnyango wawusuvele uqoshiwe, esikhundleni sawo iStalin ebhalisiwe enegama elifanayo lalisalungiswa, kodwa kwakudinga isikhathi sokuyifaka, futhi indawo engenalutho yayigcwele nje indwangu ngegama elithi "LENIN". Ekuseni ithuneni elikhulu le-USSR lahlelwe ukuthi livulelwe ukuvakashelwa. Kwakunzima ukubikezela ukusabela kwabantu, nakuba inhlangano enamandla kunazo zonke eSoviet, i-KGB, yayizama ukuxazulula le nkinga.

I-Gravestone

Isikhumbuzo sasingekho isikhathi eside, kuphela isibhamu esinamandla esinezinhlamvu ezinamagama nezinombolo eziphukile, okusho igama, inselelo yenkampani kanye nezinsuku zemingcele yokuphila. Ilitshe lokungcwaba elinomsebenzi womsebenzi kaN. Tomsky wabonakala cishe eminyakeni eyishumi emva kokuba uStalin esuswa eMausoleum.

Unyaka we-1970 wawunzima ebuhlotsheni bamaSoviet nabakwaShayina. Ku-PRC ubuholi beBrezhnev bubhekwa njengenguquko, umholi oshonile wayehlonishwa ngokuhambisana noMao futhi wayenqabile isimo sengqondo sokungahloniphi imemori yakhe. Kodwa e-USSR ngokwayo, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, isimo sengqondo esibucayi seStalin sashintshwa ngendlela "elinganiselayo" emlandweni, evezwa ngokuqaphela ukuthi inkolo yayiyiqiniso, kepha ubuntu bwenzeka futhi.

Ukububula

Ukukhathazeka ngokuthi, uma efunde ngokungabi khona kothuli lukaComrade Stalin emasoshenium, abantu kuzodingeka babe nokuthula, kubonakale beze. Izingxoxo ezingadingeki, yebo, zahamba, kepha azihambanga ngaphezu kwe-philistine murmur evamile.

Izikhulu zokuphepha zikahulumeni zisho ukubonakala kwama-anecdotes ezombusazwe, okuyisisekelo esanciphisa ukucabanga ngokuphathelene nendawo yokungcwaba yesikhathi esizayo yoNobhala Wokuqala Khrushchev. "Lona uKicita uphula ubhekwe lwakhe, u-Comrade uLenin," njengokungathi u-Stalin wakhuluma noVladimir Ilyich ngegama lakhe elidumile laseCaucasus, ezwa ukukhala kweminye iminyango yaseMausoleum.

Izizathu zokunganeliseki yizo, zaholela emibuthanweni eminingi, edumile kunazo zonke okwakungumvuthwandaba kaNovocherkassk, okwenzeke maduzane, kodwa lezi ziphazamiso azihlobene nokuhamba kwesidumbu, abantu babona ushintsho e-Red Square ngokungaqondile. Amafilimu ezindlela ezinzima kubantu bamaKhomanisi "abalukhuni" abeka izimbali njalo ngonyaka ka-Mashi 5 noDisemba 21 e-mausoleum, lapho ithuna likaStalin lizungezwe khona amanye amathuna amanani ahloniphekile eqembu. Le mibhikisho futhi inqunyelwe.

Imemori noMlando

Kusukela ekuboneni isakhamuzi esivelele saseRussia, okhulile eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, okuningi kule ndaba kungenzeka ukuthi akuqondakali. Isibonelo, yimuphi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabakhileyo ababili egumbini lokungcwaba, okwamanje kuseRed Square Square namhlanje?

Unyaka uStalin owawususwa eMausoleum, umqondo oyinhloko wokuthi ubuholi beqembu bazama (futhi hhayi ngaphandle kwempumelelo) ukuletha ulwazi emphakathini wabanzi kwakuwumqondo wokuthi uLenin wayehlele konke ngokufanele, kodwa abaholi abaza emva kwakhe bahlanekezela uhlelo lwakhe. Futhi kuphela manje, lapho umgwaqo oya kuNicita Sergeyevich ekugcineni ufika emandleni, konke kuzohamba ngendlela efanele. Nangu kunjalo, uLeninist wangempela.

Indoda yanamuhla, owaziyo nokuqonda uhlobo lobukhomanisi, kaningi akucaci ukuthi kungani uStalin esuswa eMausoleum, kodwa akekho uLenin. Impendulo ilula, kungokweseko nesimo sengqondo emlandweni wezwe lakini. Hlonipha izinkolelo zalabo abathi ngenxa yokuguga abakwazi ukuwashintsha futhi abafuni ukuwashintsha, kubalulekile nje. Namuhla, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe, kukhona abantu abafanele kakhulu, abazinikele, noma kunjalo, emibonweni yamaKhomanisi. Futhi kudingeka sibone nabo uma sifuna inzalo yethu ukuba ihloniphe.