Amagilebhisi Amur ukuphumelela: incazelo ezihlukahlukene, izici zokulima kanye nezibuyekezo

Amagilebhisi ama-Amur atholakala ngokwemvelo eMpumalanga Ekude (emahlathini) nasemazweni asenyakatho yeChina. Unemivini enamandla egcwele amagxolo anamnyama, amaqabunga ahlaza amacwecwe anamahlumela athola umbala omuhle obomvu obomvu ekwindla.

Amagilebhisi ase-Wild Amur ahlala eduze nemifula nemifudlana. Amajikijolo ububanzi ngamasentimitha amabili, omnyama obomvu, cishe omnyama aneziphuzo ezihlukahlukene zokuvutha. Endle, lesi sitshalo sinezinhlobo zezimbali zesilisa nabesilisa. I-liana ene-inflorescences yobungqingili ikhula kakhulu. Amagilebhisi wezinsikazi ezinhlobonhlobo zebhere amajikijolo engenamabhodwe. Izimbali ziqala engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi. Amaqoqo avuthiwe ngokugcwele ngasekupheleni kuka-September.

Amagilebhisi angahlukaniswa ama-ecotypes amathathu:

• Okuseningizimu;
• I-Northern;
• Isi-Chinese.

Ekulimeni kwalesi sitshalo inendima ekhethekile idlalwe ngumfuyi AI Potapenko. Omunye wabokuqala wanquma ukuhlakulela izinhlobo ezinhle ezivela emvinini wasendle. Futhi kumelwe ngithi umbono wakhe, owathathwa ngabalandeli, wavunyelwa ukwakha izinhlobo eziningi ze-Amur nezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezibhekene nokuqina kweqhwa nokukhuthazela.

Ama-hybrid adumile

Amagilebhisi ase-Amur namuhla amelelwa yinani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo. Ngezansi sizokwethula izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu futhi ezifakazelwe kahle.

UMarinovsky

Ama-medium size ahlangene ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. Amajikijolo amancane, ahlukene kancane. Izikhumba ezincane ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Banephunga elimnandi, futhi ukunambitheka akuyona into ecacile kakhulu.

Amethyst

Isitshalo esinamandla, esichazwa ngu-oboedolost. Ngomunye umgijimi, kwaze kwafika izinsimbi ezine. Amajikijolo avuthwa ngokugcwele ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Zinezimbali ezinomsoco futhi ezinomsoco, isikhumba sinemibala embala omnyama okwesibhakabhaka. Amaqoqo amakhulu, amajikijolo ayesayizi obukhulu, ajikelezayo. Izithelo zalezi zihlukahlukene azithinti ama-wasps. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinikeza isivuno sokuqala ngonyaka olandelayo ngemuva kokutshala. Iningi lezifo ezifisa izifungane eziphawulekayo zamagilebhisi zizinzile.

Ukuncintisana

Lesi sitshalo sinamandla kakhulu. Izithelo zivuthwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Zidwezwe embala omnyama obomvana futhi zikhulu kakhulu ngobukhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa nezimfanelo zayo ezinhle kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza kuyanda ngokukhula kwesitshalo.

Agat Donskoy

Abalimi abaningi bewayini bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinamajikijolo anomsoco namnandi kakhulu. Ama-juice amakhulu namawayini zenziwa kubo. Lesi sitshalo sinamandla kakhulu ngokumelene nezifo ezivamile.

Neretinsky

Izinhlobonhlobo zinezimbali ezisebenzayo zesifazane. Ama-pollinators angama-Amethyst, Agate, Marinovsky namanye amafomu obulili. Iwayini, elilungiselelwe kusuka amajikijolo kuleli banga, linomsoco we-chocolate. Amajikijolo avuthwe ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Ngokuvame ukuhluma umnyaka wesibili.

I-Russian entsha

Uhlobo oluthile lwethebula lokuqala. Izithelo zivuthwe ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinamandla nezicansi. Amajikijolo anesimo se-oval nge-isikhumba esibomvu. It has a okhethekile entwasahlobo ukunambitheka. I-pulp iyamanzi futhi iyamanzi.

Ukuphumelela kwe-Amur

Lokhu, ngaphandle kokwedlulisela phambili, yizinto ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezihlukahlukene. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi sizokhuluma kabanzi ngakho.

Amagilebhisi Amur ukuphumelela: incazelo ezihlukahlukene, ukubuyekezwa

Lo mkhiqizo unamagama amabili obhaliwe - u-Odin no-Potapenko-7. Ngokusho kwabathengisi bewayini abanolwazi, izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa nokungazethembi, ukukhuthazela nokukhululeka kokunakekelwa.

Wanciphisa i-AI Potapenko ngesisekelo samafomu ezemvelo a-Amurian. Ukuvuna kwamagilebhisi Amur kuboniswa amandla amakhulu okukhula namahlamvu angavamile, okuyinto ekwindla ithola umbala omhlophe okhangayo. Ngenxa yalezi zakhiwo zokuhlobisa, ezihlukahlukene, ngokombono wabalimi bewayini, zingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekudalweni kwezwe.

Izici zangaphandle

Ngaphandle kwamagilebhisi okuhlukumeza kuka-Amur afana nomvini onamandla kakhulu ovuthiwe ohlanganiswe nezinhlanganisela ezingavamile. Ngosizo lwezintuthwane, amagilebhisi akhuphuka ezakhiweni eziseduze. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa izinga eliphezulu lokubunjwa kwehlumela. Ngonyaka ukukhula kwesitshalo kungaba ngamamitha angu-2.5.

Imivini

Amagxolo ahlanganisa umvini amnyama. Ngamahlumela endala, iqhuma. Emagatsheni amancane kuluhlaza okombala noma obomvu. Ekwindla iba ngumbala obomvu.

Amahlamvu

Amagilebhisi Amur aphumelela, incazelo engatholakala manje cishe zonke izincwadi zokubhekisela ezitshalweni kanye ne-viticulture, zakha amahlamvu amakhulu kakhulu ombala obala obala. Zinomumo ojikelezayo noma ohlangene, eceleni kwemiphetho enezici ezincane ezibukhali.

Ingaphakathi leshidi limbozwe phansi phansi. Ekwindla amahlamvu aphenduka ebomvu, ngenxa yalezi zihlukahlukene ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlobisa izicingo, ama-arbors. Ukuwa kweLeaf kuqala ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Okthoba.

Izimbali

Izithelo zomvini i-Amur ziqala ukuqhakaza ekuqaleni kukaMeyi nge-inflorescences encane ye-racemose ene-tinge ephuzi. Ziyinto engavamile, kodwa zinephunga elitholakalayo elimnandi futhi zikhiqiza umthamo omkhulu wempe.

Amajikijolo

Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi Amur ukuqhuma zidumile izimfanelo zayo okuthakazelisayo, nakuba abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo ezisenyakatho kumele ngempela kube omuncane futhi encane, efanele kuphela ukwenza compotes.

Amajikijolo ayesimweni esinomzimba obomvu noma obomvu obomvu obomvu obumnyama obumnyama, obungaba yingxenye yesentimitha ububanzi futhi obungaba amagremu amane. Izithelo zalawo amagilebhisi zibhekwa ngokuqukethwe okuyishukela (23%). Lesi sibalo sibhekwa njengezinga eliphezulu nakwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zetafula zaseningizimu.

Isisindo samabhande ngokuyinhloko sincike ezimweni zokulima. Isisindo sesilinganiso se-gig is 400 amagremu, kepha abanye abalimi bewayini baphatha ukukhula ngamakhilogremu. Esinye isihlahla sisuswa ku-10 kg amajikijolo nokuningi. Izithelo ziyanambitheka kahle futhi zingasetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa, kokubili okusha nokusetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni iwayini, i-jam, i-compotes kanye ne-jams. Kusukela kumbewu, isakhi sekhofi senziwa futhi kukhishwa amafutha anomsindo.

Ukuphikiswa kwe-Frost

Ngaphandle kokwedlulela, singasho ukuthi amagilebhisi okuqhuma kwe-Amur iyinhloko ebusweni bebusika. Kuyamangalisa, kodwa izihlahla ezindala zingabusika ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala futhi zithwale amaqhwa kuya ku -40 ° C. Noma kunjalo, imivini encane ingafihleka kangcono emahlathini amakhulu. Iziqephu zomvini kufanele zisuswe ebusika kusukela e-trellis ukumboza iqhwa.

Amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu angabulala ingxenye yesithathu yomvini, kodwa isitshalo sabuyiselwa ngokushesha futhi siphume kahle. Yilezi zimfanelo ezenze ukuba amagilebhisi akwa-Amur adume kakhulu. Izithombo ngeke kube nzima ukuthenga eMoscow. Esifundazweni saseMoscow, ungakwazi ukubona lezi zithelo zomvini.

Okuphawulekayo kokukhula

Amagilebhisi angenamahloni futhi aqinile ekuthuthukeni kwe-Amur adinga ukugcinwa kwemithetho elula uma utshala futhi ushiya. Ungayilalisa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Imbewu;
• Ukubeka;
• Cuttings.

Imbewu ihlala isebenza iminyaka emihlanu. Izinga lokuhluma lilinganiselwa ku-60%. Nokho, kulokhu kunengozi yokulahlekelwa yizimfanelo ezihlukahlukene. Umvini, otshalwa kusuka imbewu, fruiting sekwephuzile, cishe eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva.

Imbewu itshalwe ekwindla ngamamitha ayisentimitha nesigamu. Ngaphambi kokutshala, zigcwele. Entwasahlobo bangatshala embiza bese bekhulile ekhaya baze bahlume babe izithombo.

Noma kunjalo, abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukutshala izithombo zasehlobo zomvini wama-Amur. Ngaphansi komgodi wokufika, ububanzi obungamamitha angamashumi amahlanu, buhlanganiswe nengqimba engamamitha ayishumi okugubha phansi, khona-ke inhlabathi, umanyolo kanye nohlaka oluphezulu lomhlabathi liyathululelwa.

Ukuhlukumeza kwe-Amur kuphazamisa izinga lomhlabathi. Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, ezinikezwe i-AI Potapenko, ngesikhathi esifanayo igcizelela ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhula kahle futhi zihlwanyela enhlabathini enomsoco, enomsoco. Uma ngabe isayithi lakho li-alkaline, ingabe lingaba namandla ngokufaka i-turf noma i-peat. Izitshalo emva kokutshala kakhulu zinisela.

Ukunisela

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zidinga kakhulu umswakama. E-Primorye, ngokuvamile ayikho ukuntuleka kwayo, nasezindaweni ezimelele kakhulu, lapho namuhla lamagilebhisi ahlakulelwa khona, adinga ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi. Ukunisela, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi afudumele kunconywa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhluma. Emanzi omisiwe kakhulu ehlobo u-Amur uphumelela kakhulu amanzi amaningi ngesonto.

Izakhiwo zokuphulukisa

Sithemba ukuthi ufunde izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo ngamagilebhisi akwa-Amur (ukutshala, ukushiya). Izakhiwo zokuphulukisa zalesi simila, futhi, azikwazi ukushiywa ngaphandle kokunakwa. Amagilebhisi ama-Amur iyisitshalo esiyingqayizivele, esisodwa sabasindile beqhwa. Washintsha izimo ezibucayi. Lezivini ziveza izinto ezingaphezu kwekhulu namashumi amahlanu ezisebenzayo.

Amajikijolo aqukethe amavithamini amaningi kanye nama-pectin, ama-fibre namafutha abalulekile, i-hemicellulose namaprotheni, ama-folic kanye nama-acid, ama-sucrose nama-antioxidants. Emagqabeni nama-peels, into ehlukile, i-resveratrol, itholakale. Ibizwa ngokuthi "i-elixir yobusha" ngenxa yekhono layo elikhethekile lokunciphisa inqubo yokuguga. I-antioxidant enamandla kakhulu, eye yafakazela ukuthi iphumelele ekuhlolweni kwesayensi.

Kusukela kumagilebhisi ama-Amur benza i-tincture yokwelapha, esiza ukulwa nezifo eziningi:

• Inhliziyo nesifo se-vascular;
• Isifo sikashukela sikhona;
• Izicubu zomzimba;
• I-Immunodeficiency;
• Ezinye ze-pathologies zesibindi;
• Ukuzivocavoca;
• Angina pectoris;
• I-atherosclerosis;
• I-hypertension.

Ukuze ulungise le petioles esebenzisa i-tincture, amajikijolo noma amahlamvu esitshalo. Uma usebenzisa amajikijolo, kudingeka adonswe futhi ashiye ikhekhe elomile kuphela - ijusi kulokhu akudingeki. Kubalulekile ukuthulula i-500 ml ye-vodka futhi ufune isonto endaweni epholile futhi epholile. I-tincture idliwe ekuseni, enezela isipuni kukhulu amagremu wetiyi.

Kusukela emaqabungeni nase-petioles ekuqaleni wenze i-decoction. Amagremu ayikhulu wezinto eziluhlaza ayathululelwa ku-500 ml wamanzi futhi alethwe emathumba. Ngomhluzi oshisayo udinga ukwengeza u-100 ml we-vodka nokubunjwa ukupholisa. Umkhiqizo ulungele ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha uma ugoba. Umthamo ufana neyokuthola iresiphi yokuqala. Abantu abanempilo, le tincture ifaneleka njenge-agent yokuvimbela. Izokwenza ngcono inkumbulo, inike amandla, ngcono isimo sezinwele nesikhumba.

Amagilebhisi Amur ukuphumelela: ukubuyekezwa of balimi

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa hhayi kuphela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, kodwa nasebandleni eliphakathi. Nakuba abanye abalimi bewayini abavela emaphandleni bhala ukuthi kuthatha izimpande kanzima kanzima, kodwa amahlumela enamandla sicela ukuvunwa okucebile amajikijolo awusizo futhi okumnandi.

Izibuyekezo eziphikisanayo zithole lolu hlobo lokumelana nezifo. Ezincwadini eziningi zokubhekisela, izinhlobonhlobo zibizwa ngokuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi, kepha abavini bemivini bendima eliphakathi bathi lesi sitshalo sivame ukuphazamiseka. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuphumelela kwe-Amur kubonisa izimfanelo zayo ePrimorye, lapho izimo zezulu zishintsha khona: azikho izinhlobo zama-frosts ezivela entanyeni.

Ezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa ezihlukahlukene, abalimi balimi:

• I-fruiting eningi;
• I-plasticity high;
• Ukuphikiswa kweqhwa eliphakeme;
• Ikhono lomvini lokumelana nemithwalo ephezulu;
• Izimila zakuqala;
• Izici ezihle kakhulu zokugcoba amajikijolo;
• Izakhiwo zokwelapha ezibaluleke kakhulu ezizuzwe njengezinhlobo zomzali.