Izintuthwane ezibomvu

Izintuthwane ezibomvu zinamandla okuhlukanisa ukuma kwento, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isayizi nombala, futhi unqume umbala. Izinambuzane zinamahloni amancane , kepha zithinta kakhulu ukuthinta nokunuka. Amanothi ephunga asetshenzisweni. Ngezimbongolo u-ant ant obomvu uzizwa ngezinto ezisendleleni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sici somzimba kuvumela izinambuzane ukuthi zikwazi ukubona kalula "zazo" kanye "nezihambi". Futhi bathola indlela yabo eya enhlobonhlobo ngephunga lezimpawu.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-ant

Lezi zinambuzane zinesici esisodwa, esingahlukaniswa ngazo kwezinye i-hymenoptera. Zonke izintuthwane zinesiqu esincane, esinezihlanganisi ezimbili noma ezilodwa phakathi kwesisu nesifuba. Kwezinye i-hymenoptera, isisu sifakwa ngqo esifubeni. Abasebenzi abanamaphiko, abesilisa bahlale benamaphiko, futhi kubesifazane bavele kuphela ekuqaleni kokuthuthukiswa. Kamuva, lapho beba "izindlovukazi," bazilahla.

Izintuthwane ezibomvu kuphela ezinama-metapleural glands. Cishe, okuqukethwe kwabo kusetshenziselwa ukucwiliswa kwezidleke.

Ubuningi bobuchopho nomzimba buhlobene cishe ngezilinganiso ezifana nenja - 1: 200 noma 1: 300. Imizimba yemifino eyenza umsebenzi ofana nemisebenzi ye-cortex ye-cerebral ezilwaneni, kwabanye abantu babamba ingxenye yesilinganiso somqondo wengqondo. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi izinambuzane azikho ngaphansi kwezinyoni ngokwekhono labo lokufunda.

Ngaphansi kwezinhlayiya zikhona izigulane, ezikhiqiza i-pheromone yokukhathazeka. Uma uphazamisa iqembu lezintuthwane phezulu kwe-anthill, ungabona ukuthi injabulo izohlakazeka kuyo. Ngemva kwesikhashana, abantu abavela eminyangweni ehlukene bazoqala ukuvela ngokukhululekile. Kuzoqala ukusabela kwamakhansela. Lezi zinambuzane, eziphazanyiswayo, zithatha isikhundla sokuzivikela futhi ziqala "ukudubula" i-pheromone yokukhathazeka ezigulini. Uketshezi luqukethe i-acidic ne-indecane (i-carbon). Ngosizo lwe- acidic, izintuthwane ezibomvu zibulala inyamazane futhi zivikelwe. Kanye nalokhu, lenza umsebenzi we-pheromone, okuthinta abanye abantu. I-Indecan yenza njengento ecasulayo, ebangela ubuhlungu kwezinye izintuthwane.

Uma uyeka ukukhathazeka izinambuzane, bese emva kwesikhathi bezolile. Kodwa-ke, uma umoya ukhululeke kakhulu kwe-pheromone, izintuthwane ezibomvu ziqala ukuziphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, abasebenzi baseNyakatho Melika "abavuni" ngezinga eliphakeme le-pheromone emoyeni baqala ukumba umhlaba ngamandla. "Izintuthwane ezihamba phambili" zisuka esidlekeni, zithuthela kwenye indawo.

Iphunga lezinsikazi liphinde lenze njengesisusa esingenakunqunywa ngezinambuzane. Uma, isibonelo, ugeza uhlamvu oluthile lwe-elderberry core ne-ether noma utshwala obuvela emzimbeni wesifazane nesisombululo, khona-ke abesilisa bazoqala ukunakekela yena kanye nowesifazane.

Izintuthwane ziyingxenye yezinambuzane ze-polymorphic social. Amathambo abo angaphandle amelelwa yi-chitin.

Amakhanda abantu ngabanye angaba nombuthano ojikelezayo, ohlangene, owebala, we-pyramidal, owenziwe enhliziyweni, umumo wendiza-convex. Kungakhathaliseki ukuma kwale ngxenye yethole, kuhlale kunesigcawu se-antennae kuso. Zitholakala emigodini phakathi kwamehlo. Ekhanda lezintuthwane kukhona umqhele, ebunzini, ngezinye izikhathi ungabona izihlathi. Abanye abantu banamehlo amathathu alula kanye neyeso eliyinkimbinkimbi. Izintuthwane eziningi azibonanga nhlobo.

Izingxenye zomlomo zezinambuzane ziyi-gnawing. Ezinye izintuthwane zibizwa ngokuthi izikhwama ze-podrotovye. Lapho behlanza isidleke, bafaka uthuli lapho. Izinambuzane zinomlomo ophansi nangaphezulu, kanye nama-pair of jaw (mandibles).

Ngaphambi kwekhanda kulandela isifuba. Iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu. Amathanga amathathu emilenze afakwe esifubeni, ngasinye esinethebhu ehlangene emihlanu.