Formic acid

Formic acid (E 236, methanoic acid) zihlanganisa acid monocarboxylic (ayegcwele) usendaweni yokuqala. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, ketshezi uketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle. I chemical formula formic acid HCOOH.

Ngaphezu izici zayo acid, ekubonisa ikhwalithi aldehydes. Lokhu kungenxa nokwakheka impahla E236.

Ingqikithi zemvelo ezitholakala yezimbabazane izinaliti, izithelo, caustic kanye bee uketshezi nezintuthwane. Formic acid elaqala ukutholwa futhi kuchazwe ngekhulu le-17. It neyasemhlabeni ukuba into, ngoba kutholakale e izintuthwane.

Ngokuvamile, ingxenye isetshenziselwa njengoba uyakulondoloza kanye ejenti elwa namagciwane e-ifolishi. izakhiwo Chemical of formic acid kubamba kwamazinyo futhi elibi. Yingakho silage kanye hay ziphathwe yalolu ketshezi, iqhubeka isikhathi eside. Ingqikithi lisetshenzisiwe nangokuqondene imithi. Uvolo ukudaya (mordant) njengoba bleach isikhumba ukushuka, lilawulwa izinambuzane apiculture njengoba kuphela ngesikhathi ezinye ukusabela kusebenza formic acid.

I izakhiwo amakhemikhali izidakamizwa akhonjiswa njengezimpawu umsebenzi emakamu. Ngokuhambisana ngezigaba EU, ukwakheka ambalwa afika ku-10% onovozdeystvuet annoyingly, ezingaphezu kuka-10% - ezonakalisayo ukuba.

100% formic acid (liquid) nabo isikhumba kuphakamisa ukusha kakhulu. Ukuthola ngisho inani elincane ngesi-lokuhlushwa ezifana nalesi esisesembozweni kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu. Le ndawo ethintekile lokuqala iqala ukuze ujike mhlophe sengathi embozwe frost ke uyofana wax. Endaweni ashisiwe Kumiswa ngumuntu umngcele red. Acid kusheshe zingene cutaneous amafutha ungqimba, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba ngokushesha ukukhiqiza ukugeza endaweni ethintekile.

pair bagxila izinto abangela umonakalo ipheshana zokuphefumula futhi amehlo. Ngephutha ukushaya ngaphakathi, ngisho ngesimo lwenkomo olufakwe amanzi, i-methane acid kubangela Gastroenteritis ezinzima imvelo necrotic.

Umzimba iguqula ngokushesha futhi ubonisa izidakamizwa. Nokho, kanye lokhu, E236 futhi formaldehyde, okuyinto akhiwa ngesikhathi ubuthi nge methanol, avuse izilonda e emsipheni optic, okuholela ebumpumputheni.

muravtinoy nosawoti acid kukhona formates igama. Ukushisisa nge kanzulu sulfuric acid kuholela E236 degradable e H2O CO ukuthi isetshenziselwa ukwakha i-carbon monoxide.

Ngokuphakeme ezimbonini ukulungele formic acid esuka sodium hydroxide ne-carbon monoxide.

I ukuvala abacaphuni izidakamizwa 100,7, umnkantsha - 8,25 degrees.

Ngezinye izimo egumbini E236 ubola ukuba i-carbon monoxide namanzi. Ngokusho ubufakazi zokuhlola, i-methane amandla idlula acetic acid. Nokho, ngenxa ikhono ngokushesha zilulaza lokuqala, isetshenziswa njengoba kuphela kukalutshwana kakhulu.

Kukholakala ukuthi E236 kuyinto hygroscopic kakhulu. Phakathi ucwaningo kwatholakala ukuthi ukukhiqizwa ekwakhiweni anhydrous ngokusebenzisa reagents dehydrating akunakwenzeka.

Formic acid loxhumana naye elingalungile nge umoya onomswakama.

E236 ubumsulwa ephakeme kunaleyo 99% ingalungiswa kusukela isixazululo aqueous, usebenzisa ziphuzo zazihluzwa ezimbili isigaba nokusetshenziswa udwi otshekele kwesokunxele. I ziphuzo zazihluzwa lokuqala aqede amanzi ngobuningi. Okuseleyo sizoqukatha cishe 77% izidakamizwa -th. Ukuze ukwazi ukufaka isicelo Ukudlalwa yayo 3 - izikhathi 6 inani udwi otshekele kwesokunxele ngesimo ingxube azeotropic.

Ngo inqubo kokuvula isitsha E236 kumelwe siqaphele ikakhulukazi. Lapho ukugcina formic acid ingcindezi enkulu kungenziwa elakhiwe isikhathi eside e bomkhumbi.