Imfundo Yomlando Yanamuhla: Amathrendi Namathemba

Ukuguqulwa kwama-1990s no-2000 ohlelweni lwezemfundo kwaholela ekubeni inqubo yemfundo nokukhuliswa kutholakale esimweni esibucayi se-systemic. Izingqinamba ikakhulukazi eziyinkimbinkimbi ziye zathinta izihloko zokusiza, ikakhulukazi, indaba enjengomlando. Imfundo yomlando weyunivesithi kanye neyunivesithi iyeke ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezibekwe yona. Futhi yiziphi lezi zidingo?

Ngombono wami, imfundo yomlando kufanele kuqala ikhulise ukuthanda izwe nokubambisana kwabantwana esikoleni nabafundi; Ukuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo sokuhlonipha isiko, amasiko abantu bezwe labo kanye nezwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imfundo yomlando kufanele ihloswe ekwakheni amakhono namakhono abafundi nabafundi ukuhlaziya amaqiniso kanye nemicimbi yesikhathi esedlule kodwa futhi nanamuhla, ukuze bakwazi ukubona umlando. Okwesithathu: imfundo yomlando akufanele ihlukaniswe nomthetho oyisisekelo wesayensi yomlando ngokwawo, okungukuthi, imlando.

I-Historicism yisimiso sokuqashelwa kwezinto nezinto ezivela emvelaphi yazo, ukwakheka nokuthuthukiswa kwezimo zomlando ezikhonjiwe. Mayelana nalokhu, ngingathanda ukuphawula ukuthi izincwadi zanamuhla zishaya indiva ngokuphelele isimiso semlando. Ngabo akucaci ukuthi, nini futhi kungani lokhu noma lowo mcimbi kuvela, lokhu noma lokho. Ngenxa yalokho, ukufunda izincwadi zanamuhla kubangela umuzwa wokuthi zonke izenzakalo zomlando kanye namaqiniso zivele zodwa, zihlala futhi zihlala zodwa. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo abukwazi ukulandelwa. Ngakho-ke, intambo esemqoka yentuthuko yomlando yomhlaba isintu selahlekile, ingasho ukuthi inqwaba yezenzakalo namaqiniso ngaphandle kokuchaza ubudlelwane obangela imbangela iholela ekuphambukeni komlando ngokwawo njengendlela lapho konke kuhlangene khona. Ayikho into evela kungenalutho, futhi akukho lutho oluphela ngaphandle kokulandelana - yilokho ubulando obungabonakala khona. Ngokufanayo, lesi simiso asikho namuhla cishe cishe zonke izincwadi zamanje zomlando. Kungani?

Inkathazo ukuthi abalobi, abakha izincwadi zomlando zesikoleni samanje, kumele bacabangele uhlelo lokufunda lokuhlushwa kokubili oluphutha, lapho izenzakalo ezifanayo, amaqiniso, izigaba zokuthuthukiswa, zichaza kokubili ukuhlushwa kokuqala (amamaki 5-9), kanye Amakilasi wesibili - 10 - 11. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa komlando woMbuso ohlanganisiwe kunokwakhiwa ngokwengeziwe kunesisekelo sokuhlaziya. Abafundi abathatha ukuhlolwa emlandweni kufanele bafunde ngekhanda amaqiniso, imicimbi, izinsuku, ubuntu obuningi ngaphezu kokuzindla ukuthi kungani lesi senzakalo senzeke, kungani kungakapheli kule nkathi yesikhathi, hhayi ngokushesha noma kamuva, nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela eyilethe. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuxhumana phakathi kwemicimbi namaqiniso kulahlekile, futhi abafundi bayeka ukuqonda nokuthola ubudlelwane obangela imbangela phakathi kwehhotela, ubuntu kanye nemicimbi. Futhi emva kwakho konke, yilokho okwenza isisekelo somlando; Ingabe umthetho oyinhloko wokuthuthukiswa komlando wesintu.

Ukulahlekelwa kombono womlando kungenye yezindlela ezimbi eziyinhloko eziye zavela ngenxa yokuguqulwa okungahlosiwe kwesimiso sesikole. Omunye umkhuba omubi wukuthi namuhla umsebenzi wezemfundo obaluleke kakhulu wemfundo yomlando wesikolo ulahlekile. Kuze kube manje, kusukela ngawo-1990, izimiso zemfundo yomlando azange zenziwe. Uma emfundweni yemfundo yesikole yaseSoviet eyakhiwe phezu kwemigomo yobummi kanye nokubuka umhlaba jikelele, namuhla akukho into enjalo. Esikhundleni sokunikeza iziqondiso zomqondisi wezikole, othisha kufanele babhekane neqiniso lokuthi babeka (ngokufanekisa) "ama-candy wrappers" phambi kwabo, bebanika "amaswidi." Ngamazwi, konke kubonakala kunhle futhi kuyilingo - ukuthuthukisa imizwelo yokuzwela, ukuhlakulela ukubekezelelana, umbono wobuntu, ukwakha isikhundla somphakathi. Eqinisweni, yonke into ihlelwa phansi, njengoba ingaziwa ukuthi yisiphi isisekelo nokuthi yiziphi izizathu okufanele zenziwe, yiziphi izibonelo ezisebenzela lezi zinhloso. Phela, ngisho nokuhlola okulula komlando womlando, izinto zokufunda izincwadi akuzona okwehlulekayo, kodwa kukhona okulula nje.

Ngakho-ke, namuhla kunomkhuba omubi kuwo wonke umlando wemfundo wesikole, ongabonakaliswa njengesihlamba. Ukunqoba inqubo yokulimala kungenzeka. Ngenxa yalokhu, okokuqala, kubalulekile ukushiya izinhlelo ezimbili zokuqeqesha futhi uhambisane nesistimu eqondile. Okwesibili: ukuthatha njengesisekelo semfundiso yembono yombono wezobuciko kuya ekuthuthukisweni komlando. Okwesithathu: yakha izimo ezingekho zomthetho, kodwa imfundo yangempela yomlando nokukhuliswa. Futhi, kungenziwa kuphela uma ukuhlolwa kwendabuko kuvuselelwa kabusha esikhundleni se-USE eyaziwa kakhulu, futhi esikhundleni sokumisa izinsuku ngokuzikhanda ngekhanda, imicimbi, amaqiniso, ubuntu, ukuqala ukunikeza ulwazi lwangempela kubantwana besikole ngesisekelo somlando, ukubafundisa ukucacisa ubudlelwane obangela umphumela, Zombili amaqiniso kanye nobuntu bomlando. Le ndlela inokwenzeka kakhulu, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile nje. Kuphela ngale ndlela singakwazi ukunqoba yonke imiphumela emibi yokuguqulwa kwezikole zama-1990 kanye neminyaka yonyaka.

Ukuthembisa ngalokhu kuyisiqondiso emfundweni yomlando wesikole, njengokuguqula ohlelweni lwemfundo ehambisanayo, kodwa hhayi ezifundweni ezitholakalayo namuhla. Sidinga izincwadi ezihluke kakhulu lapho amaqiniso angeke aqoqwe khona njengamaphuzu aphambili ekuthuthukisweni komlando womhlaba kanye nomlando wezwe lethu kufanele kuqinisekiswe.

Ukubamba iqhaza, kufanele kuthiwe ukuthi ukuthambekela okusemqoka kwemfundo yamuva yesimanje ukuthi akude ekuxazululeni imisebenzi esemqoka elandelayo:

1. Ukwakhiwa kwezindlela ezintsha zokufundisa ezisekelwe enkulumweni yezobuciko kanye nesimiso semlando.
2. Ukukhokha okungaphezulu kakhulu ukukhumbula amaqiniso ukuze ukwazi ukunikeza la maqiniso ukuhlola okulungile, ukunquma umbono womlando nokulinganisa umlando wesikhathi esidlule, ukuhlaziya okwamanje nokubona kwangaphambili ikusasa.
3. Hamba ezichasini ezingenasisekelo ohlelweni lwangempela lwemfundo yomlando, esekelwe kwizibonelo zomlando.