Iyini isivumelwano se-Atlantic?

Ngo-Ephreli 4, 1949, i-United States kanye nezinye izifundazwe eziningana zasayina i-Atlantic Pact. Le dokhumenti yayiyisiqalo ekudaleni ibhulogi ye-NATO. Igama elithi "Atlantic Pact" lisetshenziswe eSoviet Union, kanti phakathi kwamanye amazwe kwakubizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iNorth Atlantic Treaty.

Ngo-1949, leli phepha lavunyelwa yi-United States, iFrance, i-Great Britain, iDenmark, iBelgium, i-Italy, i-Iceland, i-Luxembourg, i-Netherlands, iNorway, iPortugal neCanada. Kancane kancane, wonke amazwe amasha ajoyina isivumelwano. Ngesikhathi sokugcina ngo-2009, lo mbuso wawuhlanganisa iCroatia ne-Albania.

Isimiso sokuzivikela ndawonye

Isivumelwano Sokusungulwa kwe-NATO senziwa eminyakeni yokuqala emva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Amazwe abambe iqhaza abe abambiswano ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha kwabo. I-Atlantic Pact yayinezivumelwano eziningi, kodwa incazelo yabo eyinhloko ingabizwa ngokuthi isimiso sokuzivikela ndawonye. Kwakuyisibopho samazwe aseLungu ukukhuluma ngokuvikela abalingani babo be-NATO. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hhayi nje kuphela ezombusazwe, kodwa nezindlela zempi zisetshenziswa.

Ukusayinwa kwePhakethe yase-Atlantic kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwe-oda elisha lomhlaba. Manje amazwe amaningi aseNtshonalanga Yurophu kanye nomlingani wabo oyinhloko kubantu base-United States bazitholile ngaphansi kophahla olufanayo, okwakufanele kuvikelwe amazwe kusuka ekuhlaselweni kwangaphandle. Ukudala isisekelo senhlangano yesikhathi esizayo, i-Allies iqaphe ukuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, futhi ikakhulukazi leyo minyaka ngaphambi kwayo, lapho uHitler ephindaphindiwe ephendukela emazweni aseYurophu, engakwazi ukumnika ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu.

Ukuhlela jikelele

Yiqiniso, i-Atlantic Pact, kanye nesimiso sayo sokuvikelwa ngokubambisana, yayingasho ukuthi izikhulu zazikhululekile emsebenzini wazo ukuzivikela. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, lesi sivumelwano sihlinzekela ukuthi kungenzeka, ngokusho ukuthi izwe linganikela imisebenzi ethile yokuvikela kubalingani be-NATO. Ukusebenzisa le mithetho, ezinye izifunda zenqabe ukuthuthukisa ingxenye ethile yekhono labo lempi (isibonelo, izikhali, njll).

Isivumelwano se-Atlantic sinikeze inqubo yokuhlela jikelele. Kukhona nanamuhla. Wonke amazwe abelunga avumelana ngeqhinga lawo lokuthuthukiswa kwezempi . Ngakho-ke, i-NATO kwisici sokuzivikela yisimo esisodwa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwegatsha ngalinye lempi kuxoxwa phakathi kwamazwe, futhi bonke bathola uhlelo olufanayo. Isu elinjalo lisindisa i-NATO ekuphazamiseni ekuvuseleleni amandla ayo okuzivikela. Ngokubambisana, izindlela zempi ezidingekayo zizimisele - ikhwalithi, ubungako nokulungela kwabo.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezempi

Ukubambisana kwamazwe e-NATO amalungu angahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko. Izimfanelo zalo kuyindlela yokubonisana ehlangene, isakhiwo sezempi samazwe angaphandle, isakhiwo sezempi esihlanganisiwe, izindlela zokubambisana kanye nokuzimisela kwezwe ngalinye ukuthumela ibutho endaweni yalo.

Ukusayinwa okukhulu kwePactat yase-Atlantic eWashington kwakunomjikelezo omusha wobudlelwane obumbene phakathi kwe-Old World neMelika. Imiqondo emidala yokuzivikela eyayesehlile ngo-1939 ngosuku lapho izingxenye ze-Wehrmacht zawela umngcele wasePoland zahlelwa kabusha. Isu le-NATO laqala ukusekelwe ezimfundisweni eziningana eziyinhloko (owokuqala eyamukela imfundiso yezikhali ezivamile). Kusukela ekusungulweni kwesivumelwano kuze kufike ukuwa kweSoviet Union, le mibhalo iye yahlukaniswa, futhi ukufinyelela kwabo kwakunezikhulu eziphezulu kuphela.

Inkulumo ye-Cold War

Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ubuhlobo bomhlaba wonke busezingeni lokungazinzi. Ku-wreckage kwe-oda elidala, entsha yakhiwa kancane kancane. Njalo ngonyaka kwacaca ukuthi izwe lonke lizobe seliboshwa empini phakathi kwezinhlelo zamaKhomanisi nezombusazwe. Esinye sezikhathi eziyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni lokhu kuphikisana kwakuwukusayina kwesivumelwano se-Atlantic. Kwakungekho umkhawulo wemifanekiso eyenziwa kulo mvumelwano emshinini weSoviet.

Ngesikhathi i-USSR ilungiselela impendulo yesibuko ekudalweni kwe-NATO (kwakuyi -Warsaw Treaty Organization), umbuso usuvele ugcizelele izinhlelo zawo ezizayo. Umgomo oyinhloko womsebenzi weNyunyana ukukhombisa iKremlin ukuthi impi ayizuzisi kunoma yimaphi amaqembu. Izwe, lingene esikhathini esisha, lingabhubhisa izikhali zenuzi. Noma kunjalo, i-NATO ibilokhu ibheka ukuthi uma impi ingeke igwenywe, zonke izifunda ezibandakanyekayo kufanele zivikele.

I-Alliance ne-USSR

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isivumelwano se-Atlantic sisayinwe ngabantu abaqonda ukuthi i-NATO ayinakho ukuphakama kwamanani ngaphezu kwesitha esingaba khona (i-USSR yayisho). Ngempela, ukuze kufinyelelwe ubunye, ama-Allies athatha isikhashana, kanti amandla amaKhomanisi emva kweMpi Enkulu yamaPhropiki ayengekho ekungabazeni komuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Kremlin, noma kunalokho uStalin ngokwayo, yakwazi ukwenza ama-satellite alo isimo saseMpumalanga Yurophu.

I-Atlantic Pact, ngokufishane, inikeze zonke izimo zokuthuthukisa ubuhlobo ne-USSR. I-Allies ihlose ukulinganisela isimo se-post-war ngokuxhumanisa izenzo zabo nokusebenzisa izindlela zokulwa zanamuhla. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuthuthukiswa kwebhulogi kwakuwukudala ukuphakama kwezobuchwepheshe ngaphezu kwebutho le-USSR.

I-NATO namazwe wesithathu

Ohulumeni bazo zonke izizwe zomhlaba babheke ukusayinwa kwePactat yase-Atlantic. Ama-cartoons we-caricature ayanyatheliswa emshinini wezobukominisi, izinto eziningi zivela emaphephandabeni "emazweni asithathu". Ku-NATO ngokwayo, amazwe amaningi angathathi hlangothi abhekwa njengabambisana abangaba khona be-block. Phakathi kwabo, okokuqala, kwakuyi-Australia, eNew Zealand, eCeylon, eNingizimu Afrika.

ETurkey, eGrisi (kamuva bajoyina i-NATO), i-Iran, iningi le-Latin America lithi, iPhilippines neJapane babesimweni esicasulayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusukela ngo-1949, kwakukhona amazwe athile ohulumeni bawo abalandela inqubomgomo evulekile yokungena. Yayiyi-Federal Republic yaseJalimane, e-Austria, e-Iraq naseNingizimu Korea. I-NATO ikholelwa ukuthi, uma kwenzeka impi ne-USSR, ibhulogi lizokwazi ukucela ukwesekwa okungenani amanye ama-allies angaba khona kanye namandla ahlangene ukuze aqalise ukuhlaselwa okukhulu eNtshonalanga Eurasia. EMpumalanga Ekude, ubuhlobo buhlelwe ukunamathela kumaqhinga okuzivikela.

Isu uma kwenzeka impi

Ngesikhathi iSikhungo sase-Atlantic sisayinwa, usuku (ngo-Ephreli 4, 1949) lwaba yindawo emangalisayo kulo lonke umlando wekhulu lama-20, abaholi bamandla aseNtshonalanga babevele benamashidi ezandleni zabo uma kwenzeka ukuhlasela kweSoviet Union. Kwakufanele ukuthi e-Kremlin kuqala babefuna ukufika eMedithera, i-Atlantic Ocean naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isu le-NATO lakhiwa ngokusho kokwesaba ukuthi i-USSR ilungele ukuhlasela ukuhlasela kwamazwe emazweni aseNdala naseNtshonalanga yeHemisphere.

Umthamo wezokuthutha oyinhloko wobumbano wawuyi-Atlantic. Ngakho-ke, i-NATO ikhokhele ngokukhethekile ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwale mizila yokuxhumana. Ekugcineni, ukuhluka okungafani nokuthuthukiswa komcimbi kwakuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi zokubhujiswa okukhulu. Umoya waseHiroshima noNagasaki akazange aphumule abaningi bezombusazwe kanye nempi. Ukuqhubeka kule ngozi, i-United States yaqala ukwakha isihlangu senuzi.

Isikhali senuzi

Lapho usayina isivumelwano esiseWashington, uhlelo olujwayelekile lokuthuthukiswa kwamabutho ahlomile lwamukelwa kuze kube ngo-1954. Kwabe sekuhlelwe iminyaka emihlanu ukudala i-united allied contingent, okuzohlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba komhlaba angu-90, izindiza eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-8 000 kanye nemikhumbi engu-2,300 ehlomile kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, ukugxila okuyinhloko emncintiswaneni oqhubekayo phakathi kuka-NATO ne-USSR kwakuyizikhali zenuzi. Kwakuyi-predominance yakhe eyayingase ihlawuliswe ngenxa ye-backlog enembile eyayithuthuka kwezinye izindawo. Ngokwe-Atlantic Pact, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwavela ukuthunyelwa kwe- Supreme Commander-Chief of the NATO Joint Forces Army eYurophu. Ekhono lakhe kwakungukulungiswa kwenqubo yenuzi. Le phrojekthi ithole ukunakwa okuningi. Ngo-1953, lo mbuso waqaphela ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuvimbela ukuthunjwa kweYurophu yiSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuthi izikhali zenuzi zisetshenziswe.

Amalungiselelo engeziwe

Ngokusho kwe-Atlantic Pact, lapho kwenzeka impi ne-USSR, i-NATO yayinehlelo lokusebenza esifundeni ngasinye lapho isenzo sezempi singase siphume khona. Ngakho-ke, iYurophu yayibhekwa njengendawo eyinhloko yokulwa. Amandla ase-Allied e-Old World kwakudingeka abambe amaKhomanisi isikhathi eside lapho kukhona khona amandla okuzivikela okwanele. Leli qhinga lalizovumela ukuthi izinqolobane ziqiniswe. Ngemuva kokugxila kuwo wonke amandla, kwakungenzeka ukuqala ukuhlambalaza.

Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukuhamba kwe-NATO kunemithombo eyanele yokuhlela ukushaya kwempi ngokumelene ne-USSR yizwekazi laseNyakatho Melika. Yonke le mininingwane yayifihliwe ngemuva komkhosi omkhulu, okwakubhalisele ukubhaliswa okunamandla kwe-Attiki ye-Atlantic. Kwakunzima kuma-cartoons ukuveza ingozi yangempela efihlile ukuphikisana okukhulayo phakathi kwezinhlelo ezimbili zezombusazwe ezihlukene.