NgoJanuwari 9, 1905 - I-Sunday Bloody (ngokufishane). Umlando

Esinye sezenzakalo ezimbi kunazo zonke ezenzeka emlandweni waseRussia - ngeSonto Lama-Bloody. Ukukubeka ngokufishane, ngoJanuwari 9, 1905, kwadutshulwa isibonakaliso, okwathi cishe abameleli abangaba ngu-140 000 beqembu labahlanganyeli baba abahlanganyeli. Lokhu kwenzeka eSt. Petersburg ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaNicholas II, okwathi ngemva kwalokho abantu baziwa ngokuthi yi-Bloody. Izazi-mlando eziningi zikholelwa ukuthi yilokhu okwenzekile njengento ephoqelekile ekuqaliseni ukuguqulwa kuka-1905.

I-Sunday Bloody: kafushane mayelana nomlando

Ekupheleni kuka-1904, leli zwe laqala ukuvuthwa kwezombusazwe, kwenzeka ngemuva kokunqotshwa, okwakubhekana nezwe embusweni weRussia-waseJapane ononya. Yiziphi izenzakalo eziholela ekushunjweni kwabantu abaningi - inhlekelele eyehla emlandweni njengeSonto le-Bloody? Ngamafuphi, konke kwaqala ngenhlangano ye "Assembly of workers factory Russian."

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukusungulwa kwalenhlangano kwakhuthazwa ngokugcwele nguMnyango wamaPhoyisa. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi iziphathimandla zazikhathazekile ngenani elikhulayo lokunganelisekile endaweni yokusebenza. Inhloso eyinhloko ye "Assembly" ekuqaleni yayivikela ukumela abameleli besigaba esisebenzayo ngethonya lenkulumo-ze yokuguquguquka, inhlangano yokusizana, nokukhanyisa. Kodwa-ke, "uMkhandlu" awulawulwa kahle yiziphathimandla, ngenxa yalokho kwakukhona ushintsho olubucayi ngenkathi yenhlangano. Ngezici eziningi lokhu kwakungenxa yobuntu bomuntu owawuhola.

UGeorge Gapon

Yini iGeorgy Gapon ephathelene nosuku olubuhlungu owakhumbula njengeSonto Lamazi? Ngamafuphi, kwakungumfundisi owayephefumulelwe futhi ehlela umbukiso, umphumela owawubuhlungu kakhulu. UGapon wathatha isikhundla sekhanda le "Mhlangano" ekupheleni kuka-1903, ngokushesha kwakungamandla akhe angenamkhawulo. Umfundisi othanda ukuzimisela waphupha ukuthi igama lakhe lizokwehla emlandweni, azisho ukuthi ungumholi weqiniso weqembu elisebenzayo.

Umholi we "Mhlangano" wasungula ikomidi eliyimfihlo, amalungu alo afunda izincwadi ezingavunyelwe, wafunda umlando wokunyakaza kwezombusazwe, futhi wenza izinhlelo zokwenza umzabalazo wezidingo zabasebenzi abasebenza. Abangane baseGapon baba ngumkaKarelin, owayejabulela udumo olukhulu phakathi kwabasebenzi.

"Uhlelo lwesihlanu", olubandakanya izidingo ezithile zezombangazwe nezomnotho zamalungu ekomidi eliyimfihlo, labhalwa ngo-March 1904. Nguye owakhonza njengomthombo, lapho okudingwa ukuthi ababonisi bahlele ukuveza inkosi enkundleni ye-Bloody Sunday ngo-1905 bathathwa. Ngamafuphi, behluleka ukufeza umgomo wabo. Ngalolo suku, lesi sicelo asizange siphethe ezandleni zikaNicholas II.

Isigameko e-Putilov Factory

Yimuphi umcimbi owabangela abasebenzi ukuthi banqume ngokuboniswa okukhulu ngosuku, eyaziwa ngokuthi iSonto Lama-Bloody? Khuluma ngokufushane ngalokhu kungaba njalo: ukugqugquzelwa kwaba ukuxoshwa kwabantu abaningana ababesebenza ephini lasePutilov. Bonke babengabahlanganyeli "eMhlanganweni". Amahemuhemu asakaza ukuthi abantu baphonswe ngokuqondile ngenxa yokuthi bangabanikazi benhlangano.

Ukuphazanyiswa komshini wasePutilov kwasakazeka kwamanye amabhizinisi ayesebenza ngaleso sikhathi eSt. Petersburg. Izigameko zamasonto zaqala, amaqabunga aqala ukusakazeka ngemigomo yezomnotho nezombusazwe kuhulumeni. I-Gapon ephefumulelwe yanquma ukuhambisa lesi sicelo kuNicholas II oyi-autocrat. Lapho umbhalo we-appeal ku-tsar ufundwa kubahlanganyeli be-"Assembly", isibalo esivele sidlulile eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingu-20, abantu babonisa isifiso sokuhlanganyela embuthanweni.

Usuku lwamahhashi lwakhiwe futhi, olwenziwe emlandweni njengeSonto le-Bloody, ngoJanuwari 9, 1905. Ngokufushane mayelana nezenzakalo eziyinhloko kuchazwe ngezansi.

Ukuchithwa kwegazi akuhlelwe

Iziphathimandla zaziswa kusengaphambili ukubonakaliswa okuzayo, lapho kulindeleke ukuthi abantu abangaba ngu-140 000 bahlanganyele. NgoJanuwari 6, u-Emperor Nicholas washiya u-Tsarskoe Selo nomndeni wakhe. UNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi wabiza umhlangano ophuthumayo ngosuku olwandulela lo mcimbi, okwakucatshangwa njengeSonto le-Bloody Sunday 1905. Ngamafuphi, ngesikhathi somhlangano kunqunywe ukuba ungavumeli abahlanganyeli beqembu ukuba bangadluleli kuphela esigodlweni sePhalamende, kodwa emaphandleni.

Kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi ukuchithwa kwegazi akuhlelwe ekuqaleni. Abamele iziphathimandla babengangabazi ukuthi isixuku sizophoqa amasosha ahlomile ukuba ahlakazeke, kodwa lezi zilingo azizange zilungele.

Ukubulala

Umqhudelwano othuthela eHarare Palace wawuhlanganisa amadoda, abesifazane nabantwana ababengathwali izikhali. Abaningi ababambe iqhaza kulo mqhudelwano babephethe izithombe zikaNicholas II, amabhanela. Esigodini seNevsky ukubonakaliswa kwahlaselwa ngabamahhashi, kwaqala ukudubula, kwavela izibhamu ezinhlanu.

Izibhamu ezilandelayo zazwakala eBridge Troitsky ezivela emaphandleni asePetersburg naseViborg. Kwavulwa amavolomu amaningi e-Winter Palace, lapho ababhikishi befika e-Alexander Garden. Izindawo zezenzakalo maduze zigcwele imizimba yabalimele nabafileyo. Ukuzivikela kwendawo kwaphela kuze kuhlwe, ngo-23 ngehora iziphathimandla zakwazi ukuhlakaza ababonisi.

Imiphumela

Umbiko, owethulwe kuNicholas II, wanciphisa kakhulu inani labantu abathintekayo ngoJanuwari 9. NgeSonto elinamandla, isishwankathelo esichazwe kulesi sihloko, sisho ukuphila kwabantu abangu-130, abanye abangu-299 balimala, uma bencike kulo mbiko. Eqinisweni, inani labafile nabalimele liye ladlulela abantu abayizinkulungwane ezine, inani eliqondile liye lahlala liyimfihlakalo.

UGeorge Gaponu wakwazi ukubalekela kwelinye izwe, kodwa ngo-March 1906 umfundisi wabulawa yiziNhlubuki zeSocialist. UMeya u-Fullon, owayehlobene ngqo nezenzakalo ze-Bloody Sunday, waxoshwa ngoJanuwari 10, 1905. UNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi, uSvyatopolk-Mirsky, naye ulahlekelwe isikhundla sakhe. U-Emperor wahlangana nesabelo sokusebenza ngoJanuwari 20, ngesikhathi uNicholas II azisola ngayo ukuthi abantu abaningi bafa. Kodwa-ke, wathi nokho ababukisi babenze ubugebengu futhi beye balahla ukunyakaza kwabantu.

Isiphetho

Ngemuva kokunyamalala kweGapon, isiteleka esikhulu saphela, injabulo yaxhaswa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu bekuzolile ngaphambi kwesivunguvungu, maduzane umbuso wawulindele ukukhathazeka kwezombusazwe ezintsha nokuzidela.