Umbuso usemabhange eNayile. IGibhithe nabakhileyo kulo

IMillennia edlule, ezwekazi lase-Afrika, elinye lamazwe asendulo kakhulu emhlabeni - iGibhithe - yavela.

Umlando wasendulo: umbuso osebeni lomfula iNayile. Isikhathi sesenzakalo kanye nezakhamuzi zokuqala

IGibhithe, njengamanye amazwe amaningi asempumalanga, kwavela endaweni lapho kwakukhona khona umthombo wamanzi njalo. E-China, izindawo zokuqala ezavela ngasemaphethelweni aseYangtze noMfula Ophuzi, iMesophothamiya yayisezigodini zeTigris ne-Ewufrathe. Umbuso osebeni lweNayile, i-Ancient Egypt, wawungenjalo.

Ngaphandle komthombo wamanzi, lo mfula wanika izakhamuzi zaseTa-Kemet (igama lasendulo lezwe) inhlabathi evundile, eyakuvumela ukuthola isivuno esicebile.

IGibhithe yavuka cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha edlule. Usuku lokubunjwa kwalo, olwamukelwa abacwaningi abaningi, luphakathi kwe-IV leminyaka leminyaka BC. E. Ubani owahlala kuhulumeni emanzini aseNayile ngaleso sikhathi?

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka le-4 BC. E. Esikhathini sekusasa laseGibhithe, kwakhiwa izinhlanga ze-European Proto-Egyptian. Sebevele bangena esikhathini sokubunjwa kwemiphakathi yezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baqala ukubandakanya izinkomo. Sebevele bephila ngendlela yokuphila. Izakhiwo zokuqala - izigcawu nezindawo zokuhlala zivela.

Ekupheleni kwe-Eneolithic, emaphethelweni eNayile, kwakuneziqu eziningana zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Le nkathi ibizwa ngokuthi abaphenyi base-pre-dynastic, ngoba i-Egypt ayingakahlanganiswa ngaphansi kokubusa kombusi oyedwa ibe yunithi eyodwa yokuphatha.

I-Egypt engashadile nombusi wayo wokuqala

Kukholelwa ukuthi cishe ngo-3000 BC. E. Izindawo ezingenhla nezingezansi, ezazikade zikhona e-loggerheads, zahlanganiswa embusweni owodwa. Ama-Egyptologists anemininingwane encane ngalezo zikhathi, ngakho umbuzo uphikisana ngombusi owaba yinhloko ye-Egypt ebumbene. Bakholelwa emadodeni, okuthi, ngokusho komlando-mlando waseManefon, wasungula isimo esisodwa. Abanye abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi yena noFaro Narmer bangomunye nomuntu ofanayo.

Uma kusekhona izingxabano ngokuthi ungubani umbusi wokuqala waseGibhithe, usuku lokuvela kwezwe elihlangene emaphethelweni eNayile seluvele selungulwe.

Izimo zemvelo

Yini eyakhanga insimu yekusasa laseGibhithe labahlali bokuqala? Okokuqala, kwakuyi-Neal. Ungumthombo wokuzala komhlaba, isipho sangempela sabalimi. Isaka esisele ngemuva kokukhukhula komfula kwenza umhlaba ulula, futhi kulula ukuwusebenzisa ngisho nokulima. Isimo sezulu senza ukuba sikwazi ukuthola izitshalo eziningana ngonyaka.

Isici saseGibhithe ukuthi zonke izinto ezidingekayo ezidingekayo zase zisondele. Kwakungekho insimbi ensimini yezwe, kodwa yachithwa ezindaweni ezizungezile. Okushiwo yi-state emabhange eNayile kwakunokuntuleka okukhulu, ngakho-ke kusihlahla.

IGibhithe yayikhiwe kahle kakhulu endaweni. I-Nile yayisemgwaqweni futhi ivumelekile ukuxhuma izwe ngamazwe angomakhelwane, isibonelo, nge-Nubia.

Izwe elisogwini lweNayile nabakhileyo kulo. Ukulima nokuphila kwabaseGibhithe lasendulo

Naphezu kwezimo ezinhle nesimo sezulu, umsebenzi wokulima eGibhithe wawufuna umzamo omkhulu. Ukuchithwa kukaNeil kwashiya hhayi kuphela u-silt ovuthiwe, kodwa futhi nezintabazane lapho izilwane eziyingozi zagcinwa khona. Imimoya ephuma ehlane yaletha isihlabathi, esasihlanganisa izitshalo nemifula. Izolimo eGibhithe zaphuziswa, futhi ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwe amakhilomitha amaningi emisele, okwakulokhu kudingeke ukuba igcinwe ngokusebenza. Izakhamuzi zokuqala zezwe kwakudingeka zichithe amakhulu eminyaka zizama ukuphendula iGibhithe ibe yindawo yezinganekwane.

Izitshalo eziyinhloko zezolimo zamaGibhithe zaziyikolweni nebhali. Ngenxa yokunethezeka okungavamile kwenhlabathi, ukuhlwanyela kwenzeka ngendlela ehlukile. Ekuqaleni okusanhlamvu kwakuvele kwahlakazeka emkhakheni, bese kuba khona umhlambi wezimbuzi noma izingulube. Banyathelisa amagilebhisi enhlabathini ngezinselo zawo.

Ukuvuna kwaqoqwa ekuqaleni - ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Ukuqoqwa kwezitshalo zezindlebeni zommbila, futhi futhi, ngosizo lwemfuyo. Babeka isivuno emhlabathini bese behamba emhlambini. Izinselo zibhekana nomsebenzi futhi zanqothula okusanhlamvu kwegobolondo.

Ngaphandle kokusanhlamvu, abalimi bahlakulela imifino, ifilakisi, amagilebhisi kanye nezingadi.

Umbuso ogwini loMfula iNayile wawudume ngabantu abenzi bawo. Amakhono aphakeme ayenziwa ngabaseGibhithe ngokugcoba. Benza izindwangu zelineni eziphezulu eziqoshiwe ezimhlophe, ezibomvu, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza. Wathuthuka kahle eGibithe nasebhodini.

Ukuphila kwabantu bezwe kwakulula futhi kungenakuzithoba. Abalimi nabadwebi bezakhiwo bakha izindlu zobumba nezinhlanga. Izindlu zezicukuthwane zazenziwe ngezitini ezihlaza, ezazihlala zipholile, noma izinkuni. Ngokuvamile, izindonga zakhiwa eduze kwabantu abacebile, ukuze bakwazi ukufihla amehlo abo.

Ukulula kakhulu kwakuwukudla kwabakhileyo eGibhithe. Isisekelo saso kwakuyizinhlamvu kanye nemifino. Ama-garlic nama-leeks ayehlonishwa ngokukhethekile. Inyama yabantu abavamile yayidla ngokungavamile, ikakhulukazi ngamaholide, nasezindlini ezicebile yayiyingxenye yokudla okuqhubekayo.

Isiphetho

Izwe elisogwini lomfula iNayile kanye nabakhileyo kulo lisaqhubeka nesithakazelo sangempela. IGibithe - esinye sezizwe zasendulo ezingavamile, ubuhle bemvelo obangela ukujabula kwangempela, nezikhumbuzo ezinkulu - ukuhlonishwa kwabadali bayo.