Igama elithi "Great Ustyug" lwenzeke kanjani? Umlando wemidolobha yaseRussia

Esigodini saseVologda ogwini lomfula omuhle iSukhona itholakala emadolobheni amadala kunazo zonke ezisenyakatho yaseRussia - u-Veliky Ustyug. Le ndawo iyamangalisa futhi enhle kakhulu, kusukela egameni layo elidala elimpunga. Igama elithi "Veliky Ustyug" lenzeke kanjani, ungathola ngokubhekisela kumlando wale dolobha encane kodwa edumile.

Umlando wasendulo wedolobha

Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kwafika ngo-1207, nakuba noma kunjalo kwakuyisikhungo esikhulu. Ekuqaleni, ukuhlala kwakuthiwa u-Gleden noma u-Gleden, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi umbono omuhle ovuliwe ovela entabeni encane edolobheni.

Kodwa-ke, uGleden akayena u-Ustyug ngempela, ngoba wawungamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka edolobheni lanamuhla, kodwa wawunzima kakhulu empini ye-internecine, washiswa futhi akazange avuselelwe. Kodwa lapho kutholakala khona umfula weNingizimu eSukhotnu idolobha elisha likhulile. Njengoba igama elithi Veliky Ustyug licacile endaweni yalo - emlonyeni weNingizimu River. Ngokuqondile, kulezo zikhathi ezikude idolobha lalibizwa nje nge-Ustyug, futhi lizokwamukela isihloko sayo kamuva.

Umlando wasendulo womuzi ucebile ezenzakalweni nasezikhungweni zempi. Kusukela ekubukeni kwayo kuze kube sekhulwini lama-XVI, u-Ustyug wayengenye yezinqaba ezivikela imingcele yasenyakatho yeRussia, futhi kamuva uMongameli waseMoscow.

Enye yamaqiniso athakazelisayo emlandweni walomuzi ukuthi akukaze ibe nensimbi. Uma ubheka indawo ye-Veliky Ustyug ebalazweni laseRussia, izizathu zalokhu zizocaca. Abanikazi bezindlu abazange bafune ukuya ezindaweni ezinjalo ezisenyakatho. Ngakho-ke abalimi bendawo babekhokhwa intela mahhala futhi bakhokhelwa kumgcinimafa womuzi, owawubhekwa futhi mahhala ngalezo zinsuku.

Ukuthola isihloko

Igama elithi Veliky Ustyug elitholwa ngekhulu le-16, lapho ngenxa yokuvulwa koMzila oLwandle OluseNyakatho, lo muzi waba isikhungo esibalulekile sokuhweba. Kwaba khona lapho abathengisi base Holland neNgilandi befika khona, bebephethe impahla yezilwandle. Khona-ke indlela yabo yahlala eVologda, esuka lapho eMoscow.

Iningi lezimpahla ngaleso sikhathi lawela ngaphesheya kwemifula, kuyilapho u-Veliky Ustyug itholakala emgwaqeni wamanzi. Akusizo ngalutho ukuthi isithombe seNeptune sifakwe kwijazi lezingubo zomuzi. Ama-pitchers anezimpukane zamanzi ezandleni zala mlingiswa wezinkolelo zifanekisela imifula Yuga neSukhona, ehlangene neNyakatho Dvina. Indlela yokufinyelela ku-Great Ustyug wayazi bonke abathengisi abahamba phambili.

Ukuthuthukiswa kokuhweba akuyona nje imithombo yocingo kulo muzi, kodwa futhi kunegalelo ekwakhiweni kwemisebenzi yezandla. Idolobha lakhula, amasonto amaningi namathempeli akhiwa kuwo, futhi abadwebi bezithombe nabadwebi be-Iron Great babedume njengabaphathi bezincwadi ezikhethekile, enyakatho.

Ama-Ustyugans adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni iSiberia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuzona nje abalimi nabasebenza kwezobuciko abahlanganyele emikhankasweni yokuthuthukiswa kwamazwe amasha, kodwa nabathengisi nabathengisi.

Ukunciphisa kwedolobha emakhulwini e-XVIII-XIX

Ukunqotshwa kukaPeter Omkhulu, ukutholakala kokufinyelela kwakhe olwandle, kwaholela ekulahlekelweni kweVeliky Ustyug ebaluleke kakhulu njengendawo yokuthenga. Futhi ukwakhiwa kwezitimela ezadlula edolobheni, futhi zalahlwa ngokuphelele ubukhulu bayo bokuqala. Eminyakeni engu-200 emva kwegama elithi Veliky Ustyug, ekugcineni yaphenduka idolobha elincane lesifundazwe, esaphila, ikakhulukazi, ngokusebenzisa ubuciko bendabuko, isibonelo, "isixuku esivela ngasenyakatho" esidumile.

Ustyug Omkhulu Wanamuhla

Njengamanje, umuzi, onabantu abangaphezu kuka-30 000 kuphela, sekuyisikhathi eside uthandwa ngabantu abavakashelayo ngenxa yemikhumbi namadempeli amadala. Izivakashi zihlatshwa umxhwele ngamasonto abo amhlophe e-snow and white harmony and cathedrals ekhulwini le-XVII: Epiphany, Sretensko-Preobrazhenskaya, iSonto LaseSt. John of Ustyug, iProteyevsky Cathedral kanye nesonto elidala kunazo zonke edolobheni lase-Ascension. Amasonto amaningi asinda namasonto kanye nesikhathi esizayo. Zonke zidala isimo esikhethekile somlando wasendulo wasedolobheni.

Ezinye izindlu namathempeli manje seziba iminyuziyamu, ngokwesibonelo, endlini yomthengisi u-Usov kukhona iminyuziyamu yokudoba kwendawo, naseSt. Nicholas Church ungabona umbukiso wobuciko bomuntu.

Enye yezinto ezikhangayo eziseduze neVeliky Ustyug kuyinto entwasahlobo yemvelo ehlukile - imvula yamanzi ayishumi, okuthiwa "ikhi yeVaska". Itholakala eduze komuzi waseNizhnyaya Tosma. Ngokusho komlando, ukuvela kwalo mthombo omangalisayo, i-paw enegama elithi Vaska, uhlukanise umcibisholo, okuvela kuwo ukhiye, kufakwe i-paw.

Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - e-Great Ustyug yindawo kaSanta Claus.

Ukuvakashela eSanta Claus

Manje bambalwa kakhulu abantu bacabanga ngokuthi igama elithi Veliky Ustyug lenzekani, becabanga ukuthi lo muzi ubizwa ngokuthi uMkhulu ngoba kukhona lapho i-wizard esemqoka yezwe laseRussia ihlala khona. Nakuba idolobha lakubo laleli dolobha lakhishwa maduzane - ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-XX.

Umlando owakhiwe kanye nendlu kaSanta Claus, nomdala oyisigqoko se-gray behlanganisiwe ngokuvumelana ngokuvumelana nendawo yokuqala yedolobha lasendulo, nasemasimweni amahle angasenyakatho.

Futhi abavakashi basebusika abavela kuzo zonke izingxenyana zezwe beza ukuzibona ngeso lengqondo indlu kaSanta Claus kanye nenkosi yangempela yemakhaza. Izivakashi ezihlangabezane ne-Snow Maiden nezinhlamvu ezahlukene zezinganekwane zaseRussia, kunezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokuzijabulisa, kuhlanganise nokuvakashelwa kumamyuziyamu, ukuhlala kukaBaba uBaba kanye neGumbi Lobukhosi.

Ungayithola kanjani ku-Veliky Ustyug? Kulula kakhulu. Ukusuka eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg, udinga ukuhamba ngesitimela uye eKotlas, futhi lapho uhamba ngebhasi uye ezweni laseSanta Claus. Kunenye indlela - ukuya kuVologda, nalapho kunebhasi khona. Ehlobo, ungenza ukuhamba okuthakazelisayo kusuka eVologda ngomkhumbi wemoto.