Chess umdlali Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich: Biography, ngokunqoba futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ngo-June 2016 ngesikhathi ngonyaka ayisishiyagalombili kweziyisithupha zokuphila kwesokunxele Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy. Ukunqoba ibhodi chess - into nje ukuthi kuleli zwe ezaziwayo. Man isiphetho nzima, waba omunye 'defectors "ababevivinya isimiso samaSoviet lonke, isibe impi yezombusazwe ukulwela umqhele chess. Yini manje eyaziwa ngalo muntu?

wakhula kanzima

Wazalwa Victor Korchnoi - Mashi 23, 1931. Indawo yokuzalwa - idolobha kweLeningrad. Abazali bakhe abahlukanisile ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe, futhi kukho konke ukuphila izikhathi 6 uboshwe phezu kwendawo yokuhlala wengane. Umama wazama ukuthatha indodana yakhe, ubaba wabuya, omema kunokushoda kwezimali. Ngenxa yalokho, le nsizwa wachitha esengumntwana emndenini kayise, owashona eneminyaka phambi ngonyaka wokuqala empini. Ngobusuku obandulela Leo Merkurevich wazama ukuthumela indodana yakhe sibaleka, kodwa umama wathatha umntwana wamehlisela emuva Leningrad. Wakhuliswa emkhayeni nosingamama wakhe Rosa Abramovna ezazi zonke ezethusayo iJerusalema livinjezelwe. engu-Eleven umfana waya eMfuleni iNeva amanzi, zokunqoba ngamabhomu cishe ikhilomitha.

Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy, biography elichazwa imininingwane izincwadi, kwadingeka lozalo Polish amaJuda. izihlobo Polish nguyise ayikwazanga ukusinda nokuvinjelwa nokhahlo. Waphinde wasiza ukuthi Abramovna Rosa wasebenza efektri candy. Naphezu kwalokhu, ngo-1942 wayezoya esibhedlela kwathiwa unesifo "ukonakala."

lwaya nge chess

Viktor Korchnoi namanje wesikole, ogama biography utshelwa sihloko balithanda chess. Futhi ngo-1947 waba eU.SSR iqhawe eqenjini lakhe ubudala. Impumelelo uphefumulela, futhi ngo-1956 le nsizwa ukhushuliwe GM. Ngo parallel, ephothula ubuhlakani umlando Leningrad State University, kodwa hhayi ngosuku engachithwanga e okukhethekile. Chess ayewenza njalo ekuphileni kwakhe lonke.

Ngo-1957, e Gagra wahlangana Isabella uMargaryan, isitshudeni sase-IISS. Yena kwakufanele kube senkingeni efanayo: nabazali bakhe abahlukanisile, okwathi ngemva kwalokho waba wakhuliswa noyise. Okokuqala, intombazane encane yajabha usathandana Korchnoi, ngoba wayengumuntu ngaleso sikhathi hhayi fashionably kakhulu abagqoke, kodwa ngokushesha waqonda kuye umuntu ohlakaniphile futhi ezithakazelisayo futhi evuma ukushada. Ngokushesha lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka indodana, Igor.

Ngo-1960, Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich iba iqhawe USSR. Kwakuwusuku yesibili ebaluleke kunazo emva isihloko iqhawe emhlabeni, ngoba eSoviet Chess School wabusa enkundleni ngamazwe. Lokhu cishe ngokuzenzakalelayo wanika isihloko Master ahlonishwe of Ezemidlalo wase-USSR. Umholi global ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola Mikhail Botvinnik, kodwa mncintiswano sasinamandla kakhulu kuleli zwe. Korchnoi ezintathu ngaphezulu kuyoba winner ye-USSR - ngo-1962, 1964 no-1970, ngokulandelana.

Ukuphila chess abadlali Soviet

Ekuqaleni, uVictor Korchnoi zonke wahlela; ngeminyaka 29 waba kakade 2 endlini enamakamelo, imoto. Nokho, lapho eseneminyaka engu-33 ngaba ingozi imoto amaphoyisa omgwaqo kanye beshayela ayisekho ahlale. Material enikeziwe, ngoba kusukela ngo-1954, yena enqwabelene iholo unomphela. Emhlabeni wonke, ngasendleleni, kwakutholakala ukuthi umdlalo professional kuleli zwe ungaphenduki, ngakho GMS isibaluli ezinye uhlobo umsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, Petrosyan kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso isazi sefilosofi kanye Anatoly Karpov - Economist.

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich nge Efimom Petrovichem Gellerom kanye ngemva mncintiswano ithimba eNtshonalanga Jalimane (1965) waya komunye wemizi elincane ukusebenza. Bayibiza ukusebenza kwabo futhi simul. Phakathi nohambo lwabo lwasolwandle abadlali abakhuluma isiRashiya baye sahlangana nomuntu owavele ahlinzekwa ngesiNgisi Korchnoi ukuhlala e-Germany. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi GM akazange ngisho nokucabangela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba ahambe kulelo zwe, ngakho ngomusa unqabile sipho.

Izimbangela ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Kukhona inguqulo, ezashiwo Korchnoi, ukuthi indima ebalulekile sokumnquma ezweni wadlala iqhawe wangaphambili zomhlaba Tigran Petrosian. Phakathi ukhetho umdlalo Odessa (1974) kwakukhona sigameko sina phakathi kwale mililo emibili ngenxa okuyinto Petrosian wenqaba ukuqhubeka mncintiswano.

Yena waba yini nomkhuba unyawo lithukile ezibangisana, okuyinto Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich wakhononda nejaji. Petrosian yena, usola owayengumngane ukuthi kusolakala wamkhahlela ngaphansi kwetafula, bala aqhubeke nomzabalazo ne preponderance we-akhawunti esivuna Korchnoi. Ingxabano kwaqina emva ukwehluleka Victor L. ukuya meshi Fischer eBuenos Aires ngo ithimba Petrosyan. Ngokumangalisayo, isiphetho ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa ngeke ukubahlanganisa tournaments, futhi zonke lezi imidlalo kuyoba futhi ngeshwa ngoba Tigran Vartanovich kakhulu okunzima uma empeleni Babenomuzwa wecala.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, isinqumo aziphume ziphele kuleli zwe Viktor Lvovich Korchnoy, elingafunwa ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe e-60s wayesalokhu kungenzeki, esenziwa ngo-1974, ngemva meshi Anatoliem Karpovym. Owinile kwadingeka alwe ngokuba umqhele chess nge Bobbi Fisherom. ESoviet Union wenza ukubheja kwi Karpov abasha kuthembisa, futhi zemindeni Russian nokusebenza. Lokho-ke wasebenza wonke chess ezinkulu namandla bureaucratic. Futhi labo wavuma ukusiza Korchnoi, kamuva ayelapho izinkinga zangempela. Ngokwesibonelo, D. Bronstein, wakhokhelwa isikhundla sakhe.

VL Korchnoi elahlekile, kodwa kule interview alimazanga ukuphakama Karpov, ngoba yena uye phansi isahlulelo lilonke grandmasters Soviet. Le ncwadi evulekile seluqaliwe Petrosyan futhi engakaze esisayinwe chess abadlali abane kuphela, okwakubekelwa kakhulu ukwambulwa ngoba Korchnoi.

izinkinga zomkhaya Korchnoi

Kungenzeka ukuba ahambe kulelo zwe uvele 1976. Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich wahlala Holland emva mqhudelwano Amsterdam. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi wayebathulisile ukuyichaza ukuthi inkinga wadala umndeni wakhe. Ngemva kokuthuthela e-Switzerland (uMnu Volen), it is kusukela Israyeli ihlelwe obizweni unkosikazi wakhe nendodana yakhe. Kodwa hhayi kuphela akazange ashiye izwe, kodwa Igor waboshwa ngenxa yokwenqaba sebuthweni ngemva kokushiya isikhungo. The guy kwadingeka lidonse iminyaka 2.5. Kokuyenga emaphephandabeni Ubuyisé umndeni wakhe ku-bayizitha zabantu. Isabella Egishevna ayeyidinga kakhulu imali, yathengisa ngendawo pup ekhaya poodle. Ngemva kosuku emuva ngamazwi ukuthi abazi ukuthi yini ukuthenga kusukela bayizitha zabantu.

V. L. Korchnoy ngesikhathi ebhala incwadi yakhe yokuqala ihlazo "Antishahmaty". Encwadini ayibhalela A. Karpov, ikhophi ayothunyelelwa ku K. U.Chernenko, ngeke ukubika ukuthi uyavuma hhayi ukushicilela izinto esenana ngokuvumela nomndeni wakhe ukuba aye phesheya. Kamuva, uyavuma ukuthi ngisho ukuvusela abameleli Soviet mafia ubani ngemva 1982 wamthola zifune imali yokuthenga Ukuhamba umndeni, nakuba cishe seyenze lokhu kwaba umzamo.

ukuphila Siqu

Yini kakhulu wagxeka Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, ukuphila kwakhe siqu laziwa obala lesizinda? Ngemva kokuthola imvume ukuba ahambe kulelo zwe, eSwitzerland Isabella Egishevnu Bengilindele hhayi umyeni sichichime injabulo, ummeli kanye amaphepha isehlukaniso. Iqiniso lokuthi umshado ayisekho, yena ababengalazi iminyaka eminingi.

Emuva ngo-Holland, kwelinye izinsuku zomhlangano imidlalo kanyekanye, umyeni wakhe wahlangana ongowokuzalwa e-Austria Petra Leeverik. Ukubona abantu bakwamanye amazwe kwethi ithebula uLeo Tolstoy "Bayovuka?" Kuyi-Russian, washintshana amagama ambalwa naye. Kamuva, akubonako ukuthi umngane wakhe omkhulu Russian ubophekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iminyaka engu-10 ayichitha emakamu eSoviet Union. Google chess kahle, ke uyotholwa yibo bonke lesitigamu yayo, kwaze kwaba ngosuku oluthile akazange abize uPetru eze endlini yakhe. Futhi contender ukufanisa e Baguio City (1978), sekuvele gone njengoba inhloko ithimba layo.

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, enenkosikazi, kanye nendodana yakhe beza Lausanne, ukuze izinsuku zokugcina zizophela ukuwusekela wakhe wezimali. Isabella Egishevna ujabule moonlighted njengoba tour guide amaqembu abakhuluma isiRashiya futhi wafa ngo-1995 kusuka multiple sclerosis. Igor umama ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ukuba buphikisana uyise, ukuqala zokuxhumana kuphela ngemva kokushona komkakhe. It is waziphatha amakhompyutha, eshada isithandwa esikoleni esiphakeme wakhe ezivela eRussia.

portrait Creative: winner uncrowned

Viktor Korchnoi utlole izincwadi eziningana, lapho analysis eningiliziwe wonke umsebenzi wakhe lochwepheshe. Ngaphezu "Antishahmat", uye wanyathelisa ngaphezulu eziyisithupha, ezithakazelisa kakhulu zazo yilezi: ". Zami 55 onqobayo nge black" "My 55 onqobayo elimhlophe"

Kwenzeka isimanga ngoba ngenkathi emihlanu-isikhathi iqhawe European futhi owazuza yikhulu tournaments international, kabili walwa ngoba ilungelo the best chess umdlali emhlabeni, kodwa ungalokothi wayephumelele engenhla (ngo-1978 futhi ngo-1981). Kuzo zombili lezi zimo kwaba isitha wazonda Karpov, ayivusa otkazyvael e namakhono avelele. Ngo izingxoxo eziningi of chess geniuses ubiza Kasparov futhi R. kuphela Fischer, ekhokha intela futhi abafa ekuseni T. Petrosian.

umdlalo wakhe engcono wayekholelwa 21-d bilan ukudlala umdlalo wokuqala (1978), lapho Karpov wesulile esikhundleni sakhe sendleleni 19, kodwa umphumela walo wawenziwe kuzenzakalele kakade phezu 13. Lokho ngxabano yaphela nge score 5: 6 futhi kuye kwaba kuhle kakhulu ngakho kokuphindela eSoviet Union ukuthi ngokumelene V L. Korchnogo wethulwa hhayi kuphela ezinkulu professional, kodwa futhi umshini zezombusazwe. Defector alikwazanga iqhawe emhlabeni, ngakho le ncwadi ithi mayelana izinsongo ngqo kokubhujiswa kwalo ngokomzimba, uma yokulahlekelwa A. Karpov.

Imeshi ngo-1981 yayingekho nenkani kanjalo futhi saphela ngokukhululwa isikolo 2: 6, okuyinto zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi V L. Korchnomu kwakunzima uthole isesimweni, ngoba cishe iminyaka engu wayengezwanga wamenywa ukuba tournaments ezinkulu, okuqukethwe okuncane.

Ikhaya ukunqoba Victor L. ukuthi wayephila yakhe yonke abatjengisa ukuzinikela kweqiniso ukuze chess. Wayedlala ezingaphezu kuka 4500 imidlalo, isesimeni omkhulu, futhi eminyakeni engu-80 yokuba Grandmaster endala kakhulu emhlabeni. Wayengasabi inselelo uhlelo, zibancishe ubuzwe bakhe nelive lohlala. Eminyakeni 90 yena ibuyiselwe, kodwa wakhetha ukuthola yisakhamuzi Swiss.

Afterword

Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich, owabuyela incwadi nabalandeli nenkathi yamaSoviet kanye nekukhombisa izingobe zezombusazwe kweSoviet Union, kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina igcinwe nengqondo esangulukile. Yena hlabelela ndla ngala mavesi abese zikhunjulwe ngisho amaqiniso elaziwayo elincane yomlando chess. Grandmaster wavuma ukuba abe ngowokuqala emhlabeni wavinjelwa ukuba amaphutha kunokuba namaqhinga izitha. Wayengahlezi sverhodaron, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ibe nzima umsebenzi nokulwa umoya. A defector ayizange ngenxa isibindi, kodwa kunalokho, ngaphandle kokuphelelwa ithemba. Ngemva interview kumabonakude Dmitry Gordon wathi chess Macrobiotic amazwi emangalisa: "Ukukhuluma kwenu, ngibé ngobuchule."

Izwe kanye nezwe Juni 6, 2016 wathola ukuthi wafa Korchnoy Viktor Lvovich. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa ayicaciswangwa, kodwa sonke siyazi ukuthi kule minyaka embalwa edlule GM sengihlala umshini wokulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo, wahamba nge umhlanga futhi ayikwazanga ukuzwa, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinsizakuzwa. Umzimba sebufike ekugcineni. Ukuze bukhoma kude ezweni, okuyinto iminyaka eminingi kangaka kwakungekho ekuqondisisaneni, isivivinyo akulula.