Accentual-syllabic vesi: imisuka kanye Ubukhulu

Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe accentual-syllabic vesi. Chaza indlela lesi simiso laqanjwa wafika Russia, sichaza izilinganiso.

Kuyini lokhu?

Accentual-syllabic vesi - uhlelo olusankondlo esekelwe njalo nokubuthelela kushintshana unstressed futhi wagcizelela amaqoqo ezinhlamvu. I izinkondlo ezibhalwe ngale ndlela, bonke amaqoqo angaqoqwa onyaweni, okuyinto lo okuthiwa izimfanelo - wagcizelela onkamisa ubuthakathaka - onkamisa unstressed. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziywa lezi zinkondlo kuboniswa hhayi kuphela ubukhulu kodwa futhi isibalo izinyawo umugqa owodwa.

umsuka

Syllabic-tonic uhlelo versification eladabuka izinkondlo European. Lokhu kwenzeke sibonga nokuhlanganiswa syllabic vesi, esasetshenziswa esikhangisweni se izilimi zesiLatini, futhi tonic alliterative, zivela izilimi zamaJalimane. Le nqubo yaphela emazweni abahlukene ngezikhathi ezehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, e-England syllabo-tonic yasungulwa kakade ngekhulu le-15, sibonga George. Chaucer, futhi eJalimane kuphela ekhulwini le-17 ngemva izinguquko M. Opitz.

Russian syllabic-tonic versification

Umnikelo eziyinhloko iNguquko of Russian ilunga olusankondlo fanele M. V Lomonosovu futhi V K. Trediakovskomu.

Ngakho, e-30s kwekhulu le-18 Trediakovskii iqala ukukhuluma imibhalo, ogama isakhiwo sihluke kakhulu ukuthi ngesikhathi syllabic versification uhlelo esekelwe inombolo amaqoqo ezinhlamvu ngomugqa, kunokuba kwinani ukushaqeka noma onkamisa unstressed. Ngakho-ke, ngokufunda Folk vesi futhi isakhiwo ayo, waphetha ngokuthi zisekelwe isimiso Russian versification tonics.

Lezi waqala Trediakovskij nophenyo baqhubeka Lomonosov. Nguye owadala vesi accentual-syllabic ngesiRashiya. Lolu hlelo, esekelwe alternation onkamisa ecindezelekile futhi unstressed, uyakucabangela isipiliyoni metric. Ngesisekelo tonics syllabo- wabeka abantu vesi isimiso - isilinganiso imigqa indawo kanye isibalo samalunga amagama wagcizelela.

Phakathi nekhulu leminyaka le-19 yayibuswa izinkondlo syllabic-tonic. a izimbongi ezimbalwa kuphela kwaqalwa phezulu ucwaningo, lokhu kubangelwe imizamo ukulingisa abantu Motifs. Kulokhu, cishe maphakathi nekhulu le-19 ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa dvuslozhniki. Ukusetshenziswa wokuqala esebenzayo amamitha ternary waqala Nekrasov.

Nokho, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 waqala ucwaningo olunzulu olusankondlo, okuyinto ikakhulukazi esibhekiswe tonic yinkimbinkimbi asesimweni senkondlo.

Ubukhulu vesi accentual-syllabic

Kuye inombolo yezindawo "eqinile" futhi "buthakathaka" onyaweni, futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkantolo osayizi syllabic-tonic ume - futhi dvuslozhniki trehslozhniki. Kwaphela amakhulu amabili-uhlamvu isikhundla iambic futhi ferrets ezintathu-ilunga, esikhundleni salokho - dactyl, anapaest, amphibrach.

Ngenxa isakhiwo lucebe ye isiRashiya amamitha ternary babonakala umfundi umculo, kusukela inkondlo ekhetha amazwi akhe amaqoqo amathathu futhi azivamile ukuba ukwenza "stopnye esikhundleni."

Lezi izisusi ingatholakala imisebenzi trochaic futhi iambic, njengoba lowo muntu eyeka ngokuvamile kakhulu izikhundla abaqinile amaqoqo unstressed, futhi ebuthaka - izigubhu. Kule ndaba, singasho ukuthi, ngaphezu main ezimbili ilunga izinyawo, zikhona 2 asizayo:

• Pyrrhic - 2 amaqoqo ilandelana nge unkamisa unaccented.
• Sponda - 2 amaqoqo ilandelana ne unkamisa wagcizelela.

Ukusebenzisa kwabo emavesini ukunikeza umkhiqizo imigqa eziyingqayizivele umsindo onesigqi.

trochee

Lena ngenye yama-izinhlobo amamitha disyllabic. unyawo lwakhe amaqoqo 2 kuphela - ngowokuqala izindleko umthelela, kwesibili - unstressed. Ferrets avame ukusetshenziswa ingoma isosha esihlatshelelwayo.

Isibonelo chorea 5-gijima kuyinto inkondlo Pasternak sika ngokuthi "Hamlet": "ngakuyala ukuthi kuhlwa ebusuku / izinkulungwane omabonakude ku-eksisi ...". 3 gijima - umsebenzi wokuhlekwa M. Yu Lermontova "Kusukela Goethe sika '' Valley epholile / egcwele inkungu fresh ... '..

iambus

Accentual-syllabic vesi kwaba okuholela izinkondlo Russian kwekhulu le-19, futhi kuye kwaba usayizi pentameter ozithandayo NJENGOBA Pushkin.

Ngakho iambus - imitha dissyllabic, ehlanganisa 2 amaqoqo - wokuqala futhi isando yesibili unstressed. Yeqa stop ukucindezeleka liphenduka pyrrhic, futhi ukubonakala eyengeziwe - e spondee.

4-hstopny pentameter wayengunkulunkulukazi othandwa kunabo futhi evame kakhulu elisetshenziswa izinkondlo Russian. Ngekhulu le-18 kule imitha, ngakho-ke, sikubiza izinhlobo "okusezingeni eliphezulu", ukugxila umehluko phakathi imikhiqizo odic futhi 'izinkondlo ukukhanya ", okwakubekelwa choir ebhaliwe. Kodwa ngo-19 pentameter ekhulwini ilahlekelwa uxhumano yayo thematic nge inkondlo iba imitha jikelele.

Isibonelo esicace - kuyinto Pushkin sika "Eugene Onegin": "Manje IsiLatini emfashinini: / Ngakho, uma utshela iqiniso ...".

trisyllabic

Manje cabanga amamitha ternary Russian syllabic-tonic versification.

Dactyl - imitha e amaqoqo amathathu, olokuqala okuyinto ukushaqeka. Isibonelo "ukwahlulela kukaNkulunkulu phezu ababhishobhi" (VA Zhukovsky), "Mason" (V Ya. Bryusov). Dactyl ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa belingisa hexameter.

Amphibrach - futhi imitha e amaqoqo amathathu, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi iyona ukushaqeka yesibili. I versification isiRashiya, it is ngokuvamile olusetshenzisiwe ngenkathi kubhalwa epics. Isibonelo "indiza" - a Lermontov ballad: "Kusukela ethuneni kuyilapho umbusi / Ukuvuka kuyinto kungazelelwe ...".

Anapaest - yesithathu imitha trisyllabic, lapho nokugqamisa ewela ilunga lokugcina. Izibonelo ukwakhiwa kwaleli vesi enjalo kungaba senkondlo: "Ukucabanga esuka phambi kwendlu" (Nekrasov) kanye "Ekuqaleni Musa wake wakhe" (Fet).