Poet Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin: Biography, imisebenzi engcono kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin - imbongi edumile isiRashiya, thole yayithandwa kakhulu eminyakeni pre-wamavukelambuso, futhi phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Waphila impilo eside, omningi walo okuyinto ezinikele umsebenzi wokubhala. Biography Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina ngokufingqiwe lesi sihloko.

Umsuka, iminyaka yokufunda

Wazalwa ngo-December 6, 1848 esifundazweni Tver (isigodi Nizovka). Le ndawo kakhulu othanda Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. kudabuka kwakhe nalapho abaningi imisebenzi yakhe. Nizovka emzaneni kamuva eminyakeni ezayo kuyoba mthombo ngoba imbongi. Useke enikelwe, ikakhulukazi, inkondlo yakhe edumile ethi "Ezweni" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Abazali imbongi babe serfs. Spyridon D. ithole izinto eziyisisekelo imfundo kumkhulu wakhe, Drozhzhina UStepan Stepanovich, ngubani bamfundisa ukufunda zamagama, yebo, Encwadi Amahora.

Ngo 1858 Spiridon wathunyelwa esikoleni ukuze idikoni wendawo. Lapha imbongi esizayo wafunda iminyaka emibili kanye nekubala. Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin zikhunjulwe ukumbonga kulezi zinsuku. Bazinikela inkondlo yakhe ka 1905 "Esikoleni idikoni." Kulesi ukuqeqeshwa Spyridon Dmitrievich yaqedwa - ebusika 1860 imbongi esizayo waya Petersburg ukusebenza.

Ezulazulayo kulo lonke izwe, self

Ngakusasa iminyaka engu-36 ekuphileni kwakhe buboniswa ngokuba Ukuzula ubuhlungu ezweni lonkana. Spyridon D. ushintsha imisebenzi. Wayeyisikhonzi yokucima ukoma, umphathi umsizi, Akuboshwe esitolo sezincwadi kanye ugwayi ezitolo, umdayisi, ngesithunywa, Lackey, isisebenzi, i-ejenti Steamship Inkampani "yendiza", omethembayo ukulethwa izinkuni ujantshi. Ukudalelwa waphonsa imbongi e Tver naseMoscow, laseKharkov futhi Yaroslavl, Tashkent futhi Kiev.

Iminyaka yokuqala nokuzula, Petersburg, (1860-1871 GG.) - isikhathi kumakwe kuphela nengxenye-babulawa khona esidabukisayo, kodwa futhi esebenzayo in self Drozhzhina. Esokuqala kweminyaka emine ayihlala inhlokodolobha, wasebenza endaweni yokudlela "Kavkaz" ngokobulili. Ngalesi sikhathi, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin ngokulangazela, nakuba unsystematically, ukufunda izincwadi, ngokuvamile eliphansi :. Omagazini ezifana "Ukufunda amasosha" futhi "Mir isithunywa" amanoveli ezishibhile ethandwa, njll Kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana Spiridon D. bajwayelane imisebenzi JS Nikitin AV Koltsov futhi NA Nekrasov. Ngenjabulo ukuwufunda "Spark". Spyridon D. kusukela 1866 waqala ukuhambela njalo Public Library.

umtapo siqu enkondlweni yokuqala

On orientation yayo ngemibono kanye yobuhle okuthandwa kwezobuciko ayenomoya omuhle futhi nomthelela Drozhzhina ajwayelane inhlokodolobha abafundi kanye nabamele bezigaba ezingafani of Democratic Youth. Ukulondoloza okokugqoka kanye nokudla, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin eqoqwe emtatsheni wakhe. Kuhlanganisa imisebenzi abalobi esithandayo. M. Yu Lermontovym futhi A. S. Pushkinym, Koltsov futhi Nikitin, P.-J. Beranger futhi Heine, G. I. Uspenskim futhi UTolstoy, N. P. Ogarevym futhi Schiller et al. Drozhzhin kwaba nesithakazelo izincwadi "esenqatshelwe". Lapho ngineminyaka engu-17, wadala inkondlo yakhe yokuqala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Spiridon Drozhzhin hhayi wayeka ngokubhala izinkondlo. Ingeyokuqala encwadini yakhe yezenzakalo zosuku uvele 10 Meyi, 1867. Wamyisa kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila.

Kukhululwa incwadi yokuqala

Ngu-1870 umzamo wokuqala ukusebenzisa Drozhzhina ukushicilela imisebenzi yabo. Wathumela phezulu 5, ngokombono wakhe, amavesi "Illustrated Newspaper", kodwa zenqatshiwe. Ngo-1873 eside elindelwe aseqala kwezincwadi imbongi. Yingaleso sikhathi Drozhzhina inkondlo "Ingoma entabeni nabo ezinhle," esanyatheliswa kuyi-"Izitifiketi" magazini. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Spiridon D. waqala ngenkuthalo ukushicilela ezihlukahlukene omagazini ( "Umcebo Russian", "Nights Umndeni", "Business", "Igama", kanye nabanye.), Kanye komagazini zezingane ( "Young Russia", "Skylark", " Ukufundwa zezingane, "" Ukukhuluphala "nabanye.).

Udumo homecoming

Udumo Drozhzhina njengoba imbongi ekupheleni 1870 - 1880-yalolucwaningo. Yamila ngokushesha. IZ Surikov uye zabonisa isithakazelo kumbhali abasha self-wafundisa. Lokhu kufakazelwa izincwadi zawo eziphathelene 1879.

Petersburg, ukuqoqwa uqala ukuvela ngo-1889, le-SD Drozhzhina ( "Tinkondlo 1866-1888 GG. Nge amanothi nombhali empilweni yami"). Ngo-1894 futhi ngo-1907, leli bhuku selikhishiwe isikhathi ngasinye kakhulu lakhulisiwe. Noma kunjalo, imbongi waphila impilo yobumpofu. Ekuqaleni 1886 Drozhzhin ekugcineni waphindela esigodini sakubo bomdabu Nizovka. Lapha wazinikela ngokuphelele ukuba izincwadi, kanye nomsebenzi wezolimo. L. N. UTolstoy wasisekela isinqumo, okwakuthatha Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Ezweni, wayekholelwa, anganika imbongi ukuba impumelelo ezintsha.

Umhlangano no-uLeo Tolstoy futhi R. M. Rilke

Drozhzhin wahlangana Lvom Nikolaevichem kabili, e 1892 kanye 1897. Imbongi e amaphoyisa emzaneni wathola ukubhekwa imfihlo, okuyinto awamenzanga ukukwenza. Kancane kancane liba ethandwa kakhudlwana imbongi Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Umlando wakhe ephawulwe isenzakalo esibalulekile 1900: R. efika e Nizovka Rilke, imbongi omkhulu Austria. Wahumusha izinkondlo German Spyridon 4 Dmitrievich.

Amabhuku amasha, ngcono isimo sezimali

Omunye ngezindawo in eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 beze izincwadi ezilandelayo Drozhzhina: ngo-1904 - "Tinkondlo okusha" ngo-1906 - "Yonyaka ongumlimi" ngo-1907 - "Izingoma Ubekelele" ngo-1909 - "New Russian Iculo" futhi "Bayan" . Umbuthano "Abalobi abantu" ngo-December 1903 wayechithe kusihlwa e Moscow, elalinikezelwe yokugubha usuku wamashumi amathathu womsebenzi zokudala Drozhzhina. Ngawo lowo nyaka imali yayo yempesheni (ruble 180 ngonyaka, ukuphila) wamiswa njengephayona elivamile.

Ngo-1904 wabhala abadumile inkondlo "Ezweni" yakhe Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Umbhali uhlale umuzwa okhethekile kwakungekaNkulunkulu ezweni lapho engazalelwa kulo. Lona isihloko eziningi imisebenzi yakhe.

Ngo-1905 yaba ilungu Drozhzhin ihlelwe e-University of eMoscow Society of Abathandi Russian Wezincwadi. Futhi ngo-1910, ngo-December 29, wayinqoba Russian Academy of Sciences. Ubukhulu bayo kuyinto ruble 500. Ubethula ukhishwa amaqoqo Drozhzhinov 1907-09. Okthoba 19, 1915, elinye ibhuku Spyridon Dmitrievich, "Songs of olimayo ubudala" (eyanyatheliswa ngo-1913), waklonyeliswa by Academy of Sciences. Drozhzhin waklonyeliswa "Pushkin" ukubuyekezwa.

I akhuza impi lingabacindezeli futhi asekele Okthoba Revolution

Ukuhlala endaweni, Spyridon D. ukugcina umkhondo wemicimbi ebalulekile empilweni yomphakathi. Waba omunye wabalobi ambalwa Russian, ngubani yabafile ziyalahlwa empini lingabacindezeli. Ngo-1916, kwaba Drozhzhina inkondlo "Phansi nge-impi!". imicimbi yakhe olunegazi ngo-1914 ngokuthi "esifuze yobuqaba indawo" in idayari yakhe Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Umlando wakhe kuphawulwa Ukwamukelwa Okthoba Revolution, okuyinto imbongi engu-69 ubudala, wahlangana injabulo. Ngokushesha waqala ukuba bahlanganyele enkonzweni emphakathini. Drozhzhin wayeyilungu esigungu elokishini, wahamba ezweni lonke, abantu bendawo ukufunda imisebenzi yakhe. Poet ngo-1919 baba usihlalo we Writers 'Congress-sabasebenzi esifundazweni Tver. izinkondlo Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina yaqhubeka inyatheliswa ngo ukuphrinta.

"Songs of imisebenzi kanye nomzabalazo"

Ngo-1923 wabonakala iqoqo yakhe esihloko sithi "Songs of imisebenzi kanye nomzabalazo." Akapholisanga maseko, kwasho ezimbili nemigubho imbongi - weminyaka engu 75th lokuzalwa kwakhe kanye iminyaka engu-50 umsebenzi wokudala. On the isikhathi kulezi zinsuku Spyridon D. wakhethwa yilungu zokuhlonipha we ke Russian Union of Izimbongi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama umtapo inkomba Drozhzhina uvele Tver. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, ngesikhathi kugujwa iminyaka engu-80th, Spyridon D. wathola siyakuhalalisela-USSR Academy of Sciences. Yayisayinwe A. P. Karpinskim, umengameli wayo.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Drozhzhin Septhemba 28, 1928, wahlangana Maxim Gorky eMoscow. Ngo zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina Spyridon D. wasebenza phezu Ukuhlanganiswa esilandelayo: "Izingoma" (eyanyatheliswa ngo-1928), "Indlela indlela" futhi "ongumlimi Izingoma" (kokubili - 1929). "Songs of the nabalimi abancane," babe ncwadi imbongi eledlule eshicilelwe esikhathini sakhe. Futhi Drozhzhin okulungiselelwe ukunyathelisa omningi ezine "Gcwalisa Works." Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhipha "Amanothi ukuphila kanye izinkondlo" kuze 1930.

Imbongi washona ngo Nizovka lwakubo engu-82 ubudala. Lokhu kuphetha biography Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Sitshele kafushane manje mayelana nefa lakhe zokudala.

Izici nokubaluleka indalo Drozhzhina

Uthuli futhi endlini lapho imbongi waphila iminyaka eminingi yokuphila kwakhe, ngo-1938, bayiswa emzaneni Zavidovo (Kalinin esifundeni). Kukhona Museum yisikhumbuzo imbongi, nalapho abayithandayo eziningi ithalente lakhe kulolu suku.

indlela Creative Spyridon Dmitrievich yayiyinde kakhulu, eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-60. Ube engumlobi njalo emangalisayo okwanelisayo. Drozhzhin ezikhishwe ngesikhathi sakhe iqoqo esaphila 32, 20 zazo - kuze 1917. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lamavesi anjalo Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina ngokuvamile kwezobuciko engalingani. Nokho wathola amakhono kanye ithalente wakuqala ingxenye engcono kakhulu ifa lo mbhali. Ngo umsebenzi Drozhzhina ithonya yezimbongi ezifana Nekrasov, Koltsov futhi Nikitin. Ngo eziningana imisebenzi yakhe, yohlobo lwe-iminyaka 80-90-th, kwenanela izinkondlo Nadsona S. Ya ngobuqotho iletha, obuqotho lula -. Lawa izimfanelo yaphawula inkondlo Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. It kungenziwa ngokuthi wezingoma ukuphila ongumlimi. Yileyo ndlela esizwa ngayo ukuthi kuchazwe okushiwo ubizo lakhe nezinyathelo zokuqala ezincwadini ( "muse wami", 1875).

Kuthiwa imibhalo eminingi ye imisebenzi imbongi wangena temdzabu ( "Izingoma izisebenzi", "Ingoma leli sosha"). Abaningi izinkondlo zakhe ayebekelwe umculo by bomculo ezifana V Ziering, Evseev, A. Cherniavsky, N. Potolovsky, Lashek F. et al. F. I. Shalyapin wenziwa iculo amabili izinkondlo imbongi njengoba Drozhzhin Spiridon Dmitrievich .

Biography abadala kanye nezingane ebekwe kulesi sihloko linikeza kuphela ukuqonda okukha phezulu yomsebenzi wakhe. Kungcono lokukhuluma ngokuqondile nalowaya izinkondlo, ukuqonda incazelo kanye nezici zezinkondlo Spyridon Dmitrievich.