Uhlelo zokuphefumula. Isakhiwo, umsebenzi kanye bronchi kwamaphaphu, kubangela ubuhlungu

Bronchi namaphaphu. isakhiwo

Bronchi ngokuthi wonke amagatsha esukela kuqhoqhoqho. Ithathwe ndawonye, akha "isihlahla bronchial". It has isigaba sabaphathi ayo Yayala ukuba bonke abantu okufanayo.

Esikhundleni Ukuhlukaniswa kuqhoqhoqho cishe engela kwesokudla livela pair of bronchi main, ngalinye elikwazi uthunyelwa esangweni yamaphaphu kwesokunxele nakwesokudla, ngokulandelana. Isimo sabo kuyahlukahluka. Ngakho, bronchus kwesokunxele cishe kabili nje ilungelo kakade. Lona isizathu narrowness we Ukungena esheshayo ye ezithwala izifo zingene aphansi umzila zokuphefumula ngokusebenzisa ilungelo bronchus main esifushane futhi ebanzi. Izindonga zalezi amagatsha ahlelwe efana izindonga kuqhoqhoqho kanye aqukethe nemisipha oxhumene izindandatho cartilaginous. Nokho, ngokungafani uqhoqhoqho bronchus uqwanga izindandatho njalo ivaliwe. Ngo odongeni legatsha kwesokunxele ubale kusukela izindandatho abayisishiyagalolunye nambili udonga egatsheni kwesokudla - kusukela nelesithupha. Ebusweni engaphakathi embozwe main bronchi lwamafinyila ulwelwesi lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti okuyinto azifane mucosa tracheal. Lolo hide luqala ngo amagatsha main (ngokuhambisana sabaphathi) legatsha isixhumanisi aphansi. Lezi zihlanganisa:

bronchi isixhumanisi yesibili (zonal),

bronchi yesithathu ukuze uxhume yesihlanu (segmental futhi subsegmental)

bronchi kusukela ngekhulu lesithupha kuya ezingeni lweshumi nanhlanu (ezincane)

futhi kuhlobane ngokuqondile wamaphaphu izicubu esibulalayo bronchioles (zinjalo mncane futhi ezincane). Bangena amavesi yamaphaphu-alveoli futhi zokuphefumula.

division odinali ka esihlahleni bronchial oluhambisana division of wamaphaphu izicubu.

Amaphaphu aba ingxenye esibulalayo umgudu wokuphefumula futhi zibhangqwe izitho zokuphefumula. Basuke etholakala ngaphakathi komgodi esifubeni emaceleni isitho eziyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa inhliziyo, aorta, vena cava kanye nezinye izitho mediastinum. Khanyisa, uyeza mbeni odongeni ngaphambili kwesifuba nomgogodla, hlala isikhala esikhulu ngaphakathi komgodi esifubeni. Ukuma ohlangothini sokunene nesobunxele akufani. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphansi ukukhanya esifanele sesibindi kwesokunxele in the ingaphakathi kwesifuba inhliziyo. Ngakho, ohlangothini lwesokunene a umthamo yayo esifushane futhi ububanzi, futhi mkhulu ivolumu ohlangothini lwesobunxele amaphesenti ayishumi of. Amaphaphu zitholakala sokunene nesobunxele sac pleural ngokulandelana. Pleura - ifilimu mncane, iyiphi yakhiwa ezicutshini. Ihlanganisa ingaphakathi esifubeni kusuka ngaphakathi nangaphandle (ku wamaphaphu mediastinum). Phakathi ifilimu kwangaphakathi futhi yangaphandle kuyinto ekhethekile, kunciphisa kakhulu ibutho ukuhilizisana phakathi ukuphefumula, Lubrication. Amaphaphu abe ukuma oyindilinga. Vertices umzimba aphume ashone kancane (izinyanga ezimbili kuya ngamasentimitha) ngenxa ubambo lokuqala noma ingqwababa. Umngcele wabo futhi bakhulise Itholakala lwesikhombisa vertebra wesibeletho. Umkhawulo engezansi kunqunywa eshaywayo.

imisebenzi

Bronchus - uhlaka ukuthi ngokuyinhloko obangela ukulethwa emoyeni kuze alveoli uqhoqhoqho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlanganyela ukwakheka reflex ukukhwehlela, ngalo ethathwe imizimba angaphandle amancane uthuli ezinkulu. Avikelayo imisebenzi bronchus olunikezwa khona cilia kanye nenani elikhulu isikhwehlela ethakwa. Ngoba lezi zitho ezinganeni emifushane kanye engebanzi kunalabo abadala, ukuvaleka yabo nesisindo ukuvuvukala isikhwehlela kulula. Umsebenzi bronchus sihlanganisa ukucutshungulwa emoyeni engenayo. Lezi zitho oswakanyiswe futhi sekuqala ukufudumala kuye.

Ngokungafani umsebenzi bronchi, amaphaphu banesibopho supply ngqo umoya-mpilo egazini, ngokusebenzisa ACS zokuphefumula nemisipha we-alveoli.

Ngokuvamile kukhona izikhalazo ubuhlungu bronchi. Ngakho kubalulekile ukuba kutholakale imbangela nesenzakalo yabo. emizweni okunjalo kungase kubangelwe izifo yamaphaphu futhi yimuphi omunye izizathu. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi akekho izicubu yamaphaphu noma bronchial amashubhu akudingeki nezinzwa sezinzwa, ngakho "ubuhlungu" abakwazi. Isizathu kungaba esithinta izinzwa, imisipha noma ithambo uhlamvu.