Izizinda - kuyini? ihabhu yedivayisi

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ngalokho Izikhumulo nalokho kudla. Ubani sizohlola le nkinga. Ngaphansi ihabhu ngokuvamile aqondwe njengokufaka engeyokuqala inethiwekhi. Leli gama linencazelo ezahlukene kwimisebenzi ehlukile.

Ukusebenzisa ihabhu emikhakheni eyehlukene

Ngokwesibonelo, e ezokuthutha Izikhumulo - ukufakelwa noma sindisa ISIZINDA, Izikhumulo. Imboni yezamandla iyisikhungo ekhethekile lapho umzila owodwa uhlukaniswe eziningana. Off-road izimoto ukuthi izwi libizwa ngendlela eyodwa bamba efakwe ngaphambili oluvala amasondo. Ngo amanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene Inthanethi futhi usebenzise Izikhumulo. Kuyini ukuba "FidoNet" inethiwekhi? Lapha ihabhu - engeyokuqala, esetshenziswa ukuze uthumele i-imeyili. I-Direct Connect lokwabelana inethiwekhi ngakho ngokuthi web server.

Kodwa umqondo esetshenziswa kakhulu kabanzi kwezobuchwepheshe ikhompyutha ne-Inthanethi. Isethi ezithile imishini inethiwekhi kusekelwe imisebenzi ifakwa phambi inethiwekhi lohleliwe nezindleko ukuqaliswa izixazululo eziqondile. Okuyisici esibalulekile izinkinga ezinjalo ubhekwa kukhethwa amadivayisi, phakathi okuyinto indima esemqoka udlalwa by imizila, ukushintshwa bese Izikhumulo. Okungukuthi, sizama ukuqonda.

Izizinda kumanethiwekhi ikhompyutha

Ukwakha ubuchwepheshe amanethiwekhi computer ishintsha njalo. Amadivayisi kukhona isisekelo yabo futhi usetshenziselwe ukuxhumana amakhompyutha, ngokuthi ehlukile: isikhungo, inkinobho futhi umzila. Ukuthi kuyini, sicabanga kabanzi.

Ngayinye yalezi amadivaysi ukuthi lidlale indima kwezokuxhumana phakathi kwamakhompyutha kunethiwekhi. Ngaphandle babheke okufanayo: amabhokisi metal yobukhulu amancane, ukuba eziningi nezimbobo futhi nezixhumi, okuyinto ukuxhuma-Ethernet-ikhebula. Ngokuphathelene imiqondo ezifana inkinobho, ihabhu, ihabhu, router, avame ukusetshenziswa njengoba omqondofana, kodwa lokhu kuyiphutha. Zonke lezi amadivaysi ezahlukene.

Ihabhu

Omunye amadivayisi kunethiwekhi kuqala yilezi Izikhumulo. Yimaphi lawo mathuluzi? Leli gama umsuka ngesiNgisi. Ihabhu izwi liyisikhungo womsebenzi. Hub, noma ihabhu, eklanyelwe ukuxhuma amakhompyutha in a inethiwekhi Yesikhashana olulodwa. Idivayisi inikeza eziningana izimbobo, okuyinto Ungaxhuma computer siqu kunethiwekhi. Ngokuvamile asetshenziselwe le nhloso, pair nesisontekile, okuyinto isibambo ngendlela ekhethekile.

Isimiso ezisebenza ka ihabhu

Cabangela isimiso yokusebenza ihabhu inethiwekhi. Lapho uzama ukufinyelela kunoma amakhompyutha inethiwekhi ifakwe ihabhu, kwenye ikhompyutha, idivayisi lokuqala ithunyelwa ikheli inethiwekhi ihabhu ucezu lolwazi ngokuthi amaphakethe.

Zama ukuqonda wesifunda Ngokwesibonelo ngamakhompyutha ezintathu. Ake sithi kudivayisi enamathiselwe amakhompyutha PC1, PC2 futhi PC3. Indima ihabhu itholakala kabusha iphakethe idatha kusukela PC1 ngu kudluliswe kwamanye amadivayisi, zenziwe WLAN, ie PC2 futhi PC3. Ngesikhathi yokwemukela isignali PC3 ikhompyutha, okuyiwona azidala, lona wamuva ithumela ihabhu ukubuya iphakethe. Lokhu ihabhu iphakethe futhi ithumela wonke amakhompyutha inethiwekhi nje impendulo kusukela PC3 ngeke ubuyele ukuthumela ikhompyutha PC1.

i umdwebo okunjalo okuyisibonelo kokusetshenziswa kubonwa ka-computer axhunywe kuyi inethiwekhi yendawo nge ihabhu. I ethile eyinhloko amanethiwekhi ezifana - ngolwazi oluningi kakhulu uthunyelwa. Ihabhu inethiwekhi ngokuqhubekayo uthumela amaphakethe idatha kuwo wonke amadivayisi kunethiwekhi, ngisho uma kwenzeka ukuthi indawo i-PC ethize. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amakhompyutha izingcezu ulwazi ngokuvamile ngokuphelele akudingeki kubo. Ubuchwepheshe okuyiso ayebiza kakhulu ngaphandle. Yingakho manje Izikhumulo cishe kuzo ukusetshenziswa. In ukubuya, zakha amadivaysi ezihlakaniphile ngaphezulu - inethiwekhi ukushintshwa, okuyinto in parlance common ukubizwa ngokuthi inkinobho.

inkinobho

Igama elithi "inkinobho" (inkinobho) ine imvelo English ushintshele izindlela, noma inkinobho inethiwekhi. Njengomhlaba inkinobho ihabhu iyadingeka ukuxhuma amakhompyutha kunethiwekhi efanayo wendawo. Uxhumano umdwebo we-computer lihlukile wesifunda ihabhu inethiwekhi. Esikhundleni PC ihabhu exhunywe kwi-inkinobho.

Njengoba ngokusobala kakhulu efana ihabhu, inkinobho ngokuyisisekelo ehlukene kulo, iyona ndlela ulwazi idluliselwa phakathi kwamakhompyutha inethiwekhi.

Ngemva kokuthola lo iphakethe ulwazi kusuka kukhompyutha, inkinobho inethiwekhi, ngokungafani ihabhu akusho phambili kuwo wonke ama-PC iqhaza ku inethiwekhi, bese uhlela iphakethe ukuthunyelwa ekhelini kuba computer, okuyinto yakhelwe lelo phasela. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho PK1 ithumela idatha iphakethe PK3, switch ulungiselela ukudluliswa kuye, ngokudlula PK2. PK3 impendulo iphakethe kusukela inkinobho inethiwekhi futhi kubuyisa kuphela ulwazi mthumeli iphakethe - PK1.

Inkinobho unekhono ukugcina amakheli wonke amakhompyutha exhunyiwe nezimbobo zawo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungenziwa eziqhutshwa isikhulu esigunyaziwe, wedlula Imininingwane kuphela PC uya khona futhi, eminye angayinaki.

Ngesisekelo inkinobho lenethiwekhi ezabekwa ithebula ekhethekile MAC-nekheli abasebenzisi imishini inethiwekhi inethiwekhi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Ngenxa yalokho, iphakethe kolwazi, ngokufaka ngamunye amatheku ubabonisa ziqhathaniswa etafuleni umzila futhi kuthunyelwa ikheli port, lapho imishini ezifanele.

router

Igama elithi "router" emenza router ngesiNgisi. Lokhu router uyakwazi ukuhlela ukudluliselwa kolwazi phakathi LANs ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-router inikeza namachweba ziyadingeka ixhume ezinye idivayisi nge-USB.

Umgomo we operation ye-router

Njengomhlaba inkinobho inethiwekhi igcina itafula MAC-ikheli, router njengoba kukhonjisiwe nakulo lelithebula umzila ilondoloza ithebula IP amakheli. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-router kuyinto ukugcina idatha nokulawula ukuze abanye imizila ukwazi izinguquko ukumisa inethiwekhi. It is ixazululwe ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa of umzila yezifiso ukuze kudidiyelwe nabanye imizila. Uma uthola iphakethe e router zokugcina isebenzisa yezifiso ezahlukene kanye nenqubo sokunquma engcono ulwazi endleleni iphakethe ukudlulisa uya khona.

I-router lingacushwa ukufaka imithetho multi-level ukuthi zinqunywa okuqukethwe amaphakethe kolwazi evela kuye. I-router kuyinqubo ehlelwe ukuba kusebenze uhlelo inethiwekhi ukuvikelwa imishini, inethiwekhi ukusakaza NAT-ikheli kanye kube nezinsiza-DHCP inethiwekhi.

Nge ukugxusha bokusungula, imizila kukhona phakathi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo inethiwekhi amadivaysi. Ngaphezu kungenzeka kabusha ulwazi traffic iphakethe imizila ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza inethiwekhi izimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unekhono basabela yezinguquko inethiwekhi imodi ashukumisayo uzingela kubo ukukhiqiza Ukuvikelwa iphakethe yayo zokuhlunga, kubalwa amaphakethe ukuvimba noma ukudlula.

USB-hub

Ngaphezu Izikhumulo inethiwekhi ye-Ethernet, igama elithi "ihabhu" isetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe-USB. Ukuthuthukiswa entsha imishini endaweni izimfuno eliphezulu ezingeni yentuthuko interface yomsebenzisi of imishini computer. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene computer okuphathelene nomngcele ixhunywe esebenzisa lwe-USB, kudingeka ube idivayisi ezikhethekile ezenza ukuthi uxhume kumadivayisi eziningi kanyekanye nge-USB. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-USB ihabhu. Isebenza kanjani?

USB-Ihabhu (USB-hub) yidivayisi owayemude encane kokuba izimbobo eziningi. It ixhunywe kukhompyutha ngokusebenzisa slot. It ikuvumela ukuba ukuxhuma olulodwa-USB ne-port yanoma PC ezinye zamadivayisi e-USB.

I-USB Ihabhu

Design kanye Izikhumulo akuzona eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ziklanyelwe ukuba ushintshele amasignali futhi okukhipha voltage. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqapha isimo okuphathelene nomngcele exhunywe kulo, ngokubeka umninikhaya aziswe izinguquko.

Isakhiwo ihabhu kuhlanganisa amamojuli ezimbili - isilawuli repeater. Repeater - inkinobho luyalawuleka lebhokisi input bese okukhipha nezimbobo. It has ikhono kabusha futhi simise ukudluliselwa isignali. Isilawuli kuhlanganisa amarejista ezivumela ukuxhumana ne umninikhaya. Regista ziphethwe imiyalo ekhethekile evumela ukukhiqiza isimo ukulawula ihabhu kulungiselelwa nokushintsha kwemigomo downlink nezimbobo. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa Outsourcing ihabhu lapho amadivayisi axhunyiwe ku chungechunge.

Izinhlobo USB concentrators

Enye yalezi zinhlobo - ikhadi yangaphakathi ebhasini uhlelo. Usebenzela ukuxhuma-USB amadivayisi kuya umbadlana. Lokhu kwenziwa nge ikhadi le-USB PCI efakwe isikhala PCI ibhasi, etholakala ngqo umbadlana. Lolu hlobo lwe-USB-hub okungcono kakhulu esinakho iwukusebenzisa labo bajwayelene kudivayisi ikhompyutha. Labo abanalo isipiliyoni, kungcono ukuhlala ngenye indlela.

Olunye uhlobo - kungcono sangaphandle-USB ihabhu wangaba namandla. idivayisi okunjalo ilula futhi ayibizi kakhulu. Lokhu ezihlukahlukene-USB ihabhu ixhunywe ku-USB-port kwikhompyutha yakho. Le divayisi uphelele abanikazi laptop. abasebenzisi Ikhaya futhi zingase zisebenzise lokhu-USB ihabhu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba acabangele ukuthi isibalo amadivayisi ixhunywe lekhompyutha ludinga awanikezwa nge-USB-port. Lolu hlobo ihabhu akakwazi amandla amadivaysi ezinjalo eziningi. Kulesi simo, kungcono ukusebenzisa Izikhumulo sikagesi. Yimaphi lawo mathuluzi futhi ihluke kanjani amadivayisi ngaphandle amandla?

kuyinto Pete-USB ihabhu yokusebenza isimiso nse ukuthi we ihabhu wangaba namandla. Umehluko itholakala lokuthi ukuthi kungenziwa yaphenduka eziko likagesi. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunikeza amandla egcwele kuwo wonke amadivayisi axhunyiwe nge YUSB. I enkulu Izikhumulo USB - semiportovye.

Olunye uhlobo thuluzi - lwekhompyutha ye-USB ebhodini. Le divayisi ilungele abasebenzisi notebook. Kuyinto exhunyiwe okhetheke-USB itheku elisogwini chassis yamaphuzu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ezimbili nezimbobo esikhundleni esisodwa.