Edward Teller: biography nesithombe physics

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuphila kuka-Edward Teller. Awuzwanga leli gama ngaphambili, uma impilo yakho yobuchwepheshe ingahlobene nemvelo. Noma kunjalo, E. Teller ngumuntu omangalisayo ophila impilo egcwele futhi esebenzayo futhi wabeka okuthile okusha emphakathini. Ukunikela kwakhe kwisayensi kuyigugu, ngoba imibono, ucwaningo kanye nemisebenzi yalo muntu kuqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku isisekelo semibuto eminingi e-physics. Ukuphila kwalowo muntu kuphikisana, njengaye. Akuwona wonke umuntu owemukela isifiso sakhe sokusekela amaphrojekthi ezempi ahlose ukuthuthukisa amandla enuzi, kodwa lokhu akulondolozi i-Teller ngethalente nomqondo ovelele.

Ubani esikhuluma ngaye?

U-Edward Teller, owaziwa ngaye ngezansi uzobe ekhonjiswa ngezansi, isazi se-physics esaziwayo. Ubizwa nangokuthi "ubaba wesibhamu se-hydrogen". Lo ososayensi wanikela kakhulu ekubukelweni kwe-spectroscopy, i-physics ne-nuclear physics. Nguye owachaza imiphumela kaRenner-Teller noJan-Teller. Imfundiso kaBrunauer-Emmett-Teller isaqhubeka isisekelo se-physics. Futhi, le ndoda yandisa inkolelo ka-Enrico Fermi, ngokuphathelene nokubola kwe-beta yezinhlayiyana. Kanye noN. Metropolis noMnuz Rosenbluth, ngo-1953 wabhala isihloko esasikhuthaza ekusebenziseni indlela kaM Monte Carlo kumashini wokubala.

Ukuqala kwe-biography

U-Edward Teller wazalwa ebusika ngo-1908 eBudapest. Umfana wazalwa emndenini wamaJuda. Uyise wayengummeli, futhi unina ungumdlali wepiyano. Emndenini, lo mfana wayengeyedwa, kodwa kanye nodadewabo omdala u-Emma. Ngemva kwesikhashana, umndeni waba ngumKristu, njengemikhaya eminingi yamaJuda ngaleso sikhathi. Kulokhu kucacile ukuthi umfowabo womfana wayenokholo kakhulu. Naphezu kwalokhu, empilweni yakhe yokuzimela emdala waba ngukuthi u-agnostic. Umtshelezi waqala ukukhuluma ngesikhathi esifushane, kodwa wayenezibalo ezinhle kakhulu futhi angabala ngisho nenani lamasekhondi ngonyaka.

Abafundi

Njengoba lo mfana akhula emkhathini wokuvukela umbuso eHungary kanye nokuhlukunyezwa okuvamile, yena konke ukuphila kwakhe kwagxila ekuphikisweni kwe-fascism ne-communism. Ukuya esikhungweni semfundo ephakeme eBudapest, lo mfana akakwazanga ngenxa yokwethulwa kwemingcele kaHorthy Miklós. Ngo-1926, insizwa ethile yangena eKarlsruhe Institute of Technology eJalimane ngenqubo yobunjiniyela. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, wathuthela eMunich, uthanda ama-quantum mechanics. Ngenxa yokuthi u-Teller wayengumfundi okhungathekile, wawela ngaphansi kwetamu futhi walahlekelwa unyawo lwakhe lokunene. Ngenxa yalokhu, waphonsela impilo yakhe yonke futhi wagqoka i-prosthesis. Ngomnyaka we-1930, waba ne-PhD e-physics yemfundiso, eyayithola eYunivesithi yaseLeipzig. Inselelo yakhe yazinikela ekuchazeni ion molecular of hydrogen.

Ngalesi sikhathi wahlangana nama-physicist odumile aseRussia uL. Landau noG. Gamow. Ukuthuthukiswa kukaTeller ku-physics kanye nefilosofi kwakuthonywe kakhulu ubungane bakhe bonke noG. Plachek. Nguye owasiza u-Teller ukuba ahlale eRoma no-E. Fermi. Lokhu kwathatha umsebenzi wesayensi wekusasa lomuntu.

Ukuphila kwabantu abadala

U-Edward Teller, isithombe sakhe esibona kulesi sihloko, wazinikela eminyakeni emibili yokuphila kwakhe eNyuvesi yaseGoettingen. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1933, ngosizo lwabantu abavela kwiKomiti YezokuPhepha Emhlabeni Wonke, u-Teller wasuka eJalimane. Cishe ngonyaka ahlala eNgilandi, ngomunye umnyaka - eCopenhagen, lapho, esebenza khona, ngaphansi kobuholi obucacile bukaN. Bora. Ngo-1934 wayenomndeni, ethatha umngane wakhe udadewabo - u-Augustus Maria.

Ngemva konyaka umndeni omusha wathuthela, njengoba u-Edward Teller ethola isipho esivela kuGamow. Wayenesikhundla esihle eNyuvesi yaseWashington. E-USA, Teller waba nguprofesa. Kanye neGamow, babhekana ne-physics ye-nyukliya, i-quantum, ne-molecular. U-Edward Teller, owaziwa nge-nyukliya emhlabeni wonke, wavula ngo-1939. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kwalokho, wakwazi ukuvula umphumela, ngemuva kokubizwa ngokuthi "umphumela we-Jan-Teller". Kwakukhona eqinisweni lokuthi ama-molecule athambekele ekuguquleni isimo sabo ngendlela ethile. Lokhu, nakho, kuthinta inkambo yokuphendula kwamakhemikhali.

Umdali webhomu

Ngo-1941, u-Teller wathola ilungelo lokuba yisakhamuzi saseMelika. Ngalesi sikhathi wayenesithakazelo kakhulu ezindabeni ze-athomu ezinamandla ze-nuclear ne-thermuclear energy. Konke lokhu kwanda kuphela ngenkathi iMpi Yezwe Yesibili iqala, futhi ososayensi waba omunye weqembu labacwaningi ukuthuthukisa ibhomu le-athomu. UT. von Karman, umngane weqhawe lethu, wameluleka ukuba asebenze noHethe. Bonke baqala ukuthuthukiswa kwengqikithi yokusakazwa kwe-wave shock. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, kwaba ucwaningo lwabo oluye lwasiza ukutadisha imibuzo mayelana nokungena kwemicibisholo emkhathini.

Ukuqhubeka komsebenzi

U-Edward Teller wenzani? I-biography inikeza ngokufushane okulandelanayo kwezenzakalo:

• Kusukela ngo-1946 kuya ku-1952 wafundisa e-University of Chicago. Ngesikhathi esifanayo waba iphhini lomqondisi weLos Alamos Laboratory.
• Kusukela ngo-1953 kuya ku-1975 waqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia eBerkeley.
• Ngo-1954 waba yinhloko yeLawrence Livermore Radiation Laboratory. Ngo-1952 waba yinhloko yocwaningo mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwebhomu le-hydrogen. NgoNovemba uqhuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala.
• Kusukela ngo-1957 kuya ku-1973 wayenomsebenzi wokusebenza okuthiwa yi "Plauscher". Kwakuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwe-nuclei enokuthula e-United States. Ngaphansi kokuhola kweqhawe lethu, kwaqhuma ukuqhuma okungu-27.

Kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi u-Teller wayengewona oziphatha kahle. Wayekholelwa ukuthi i-US kufanele ibe nenzuzo kuzikhali zenuzi. Uphikisana ngokuqinile nokuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi, waqala ukwakha izikhali eziphumelelayo nezingabizi.

Ucwaningo

Ngaphandle kwezindaba zezikhali zenuzi, u-Edward Teller wabhekana nezinkinga eziningi. Ngakho-ke, waphenya nge-quantum mechanics, i-spectroscopy, i-chemistry yemvelo, i-physics yemisebe ye-cosmic. Sonke kanye noG. Gamov, esivele esazijwayele, sakhiwe ngo-1936 umthetho wokukhetha izinhlayiya ku-β-decay. Ngo-1947 wazibonakalisa ngokuzimela ukuthi kukhona ama-athomu kaMesiya.

Wanikezwa umklomelo we-E. Fermi "Wokunikezela Kwezikhali Nuclear and Chemical Physics" ngo-1962. Ngo-1975, u-Teller washiya isikhundla seprofesa eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia.

Esikhundleni someluleki

Eminyakeni engu-30 eyalandela yokuphila kwakhe, i-hero yalesi sihloko yanikezela umsebenzi wakhe endimeni yomeluleki. Weluleka uhulumeni ngezikhali zenuzi. Ngo-1980 wasisekela uhlelo lukaMengameli uReeagan obizwa nge "Star Wars." Yayithinta isinyathelo sokuvikela amasu.

Ngo-1979, kwaba nenhlekelele esiteshini samandla enyukliya e-United States. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Teller wabhekana nesifo senhliziyo. Esikhathini esincane ngaphambili kwesikrini sethelevishini kwafika ifilimu ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Chinese Syndrome." Indima eyinhloko kulo mdlalo yadlalwa yiJ. J., eyayiyisitha esikhulu sezikhali zenuzi zase-US. Kamuva, u-Teller wambiza ngokuthi unecala ekuhlaseleni kwakhe.

Ngo-1994, u-Teller wavakashela iRussia Federal Nuclear Centre emhlanganweni.

Sekuyiminyaka engama-20, usosayensi weluleka izombangazwe zakwa-Israyeli. Kwaphela iminyaka emithathu ehambele leli zwe izikhathi eziyisithupha, efundwa lapho kwi-physics yezemvelo lapho. Umtsheleli udinga unyaka wonke ukufakazela i-CIA ukuthi u-Israyeli unamandla amakhulu enuzi. Ekugcineni, ngo-1976, okhulumela i-CIA wabika ukuthi uthola ulwazi emithonjeni enokwethenjelwa ngamakhono enyukliya akwa-Israyeli.

Amakhophi nezincwadi

U-Edward Teller, owakho okucaphuno ajulile kakhulu, wayengumuntu onobuhlakani onokuqonda. Amazwi akhe amaningi asetshenzisiwe kuze kube manje. Inkulumo yakhe ethandwa kakhulu yile: "Yisiphi isayensi namuhla, ubuchwepheshe kusasa."

Ezingcaphuno zakhe, Teller wagcizelela ukuthi ingqondo, noma inkumbulo, noma ukulinganisa akubalulekile ukuba ingane ibe usosayensi, kwanele ukuba abe nesithakazelo esikhulu kwisayensi.

Yini enye eyenziwa u-Edward Teller? Amabhuku akhe asemqoka kakhulu. Wabhala imisebenzi eminingi kwi-physics yemfundiso. Izincwadi zakhe zihlukaniswa ngethulo elicacile nokucaca komcabango.

Ukuqeda lesi sihloko, ngifuna ukusho ukuthi ososayensi u-Edward Teller wenze isandla esikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi. Ucwaningo lwakhe kanye nezincwadi ziyisipho esibaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abacwaningisi. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe indoda ezinikele ekusekeleni iphrojekthi, eyayizokwenza ichweba e-Alaska ngosizo lwezikhali zomoya.

Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe, iqhawe lethu laziwa njengososayensi omuhle kakhulu onamakhono akhethekile, kodwa futhi njengendoda enomlingisi ongalindelekile. Ubuhlobo bomphakathi babanikezwa kanzima, njengoba kuvame ukuvela nabantu abanethalente. Kukholelwa ukuthi uyisibonelo se-protagonist esivela kwifilimu "uDokotela Strangelove", eyakhishwa ngo-1964.