U-Schellenberg Walter ungu-brigadefuhrer we-SS. Biography

UWalter Friedrich Schellenberg - i-SS brigadefuhrer, umphathi omkhulu wamaphoyisa namasosha ase-SS. Waba ngumuntu omncane kunazo zonke e- Reich Third. UHitler wayesevele usemukele "ubhiya putsch" futhi wayebhala "Mein Kampf" lapho uWalter evele eya esikoleni sesihlanu esikoleni eLuxembourg. Abantu abaningi bazi lobu buntu ngenxa yendima edlalwa ngu-Oleg Tabakov kule filimu "Izinkathi Ezingamashumi Nesikhombisa Zonyaka". Khona-ke iningi lalisithandayo leSyllenberg elikhangayo, futhi ngisho neminyaka yomshana wakhe kamuva wabhala incwadi kumdlali, lapho ephendula ngesibindi ngomdlalo wakhe.

Intsha

U-Schellenberg Walter wazalwa ngoJanuwari 16, 1910. Indawo yokuzalwa yidolobha le-Saarbrücken. UWalter waba ngumntwana wesikhombisa emndenini. Ubaba Schellenberg wayengumqondisi wefektri yepiyano. Ngo-1923 umndeni kwakudingeka uthuthele eLuxembourg. Isizathu sokuthutha kwaba ukuwohloka kwesimo sezomnotho ngenxa yempi. E-Luxembourg, uyise wayephethe igatsha lakhe, lapho aqhubeka khona ukusebenza.

Kuze kube ngu-1929, u-Schellenberg Walter wafunda esikoleni sangempela, lapho ebenesithakazelo emlandweni, ikakhulukazi ukuvuselelwa. Ngeminyaka engamashumi amabili nantathu, wathola i-bachelor degree emlandweni wobuciko. Lokhu, njengoba kuboniswe nguSemenov. U-Yu, wamsiza kakhulu ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili, lapho ephanga khona iminyuziyamu yase-Italy.

University of Bonn nokujoyina i-NSDAP

U-Young Walter Schellenberg, owazi kahle kakhulu futhi othakazelisayo, waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eNyuvesi yaseBonn. Okokuqala wangena esikhungweni sezokwelapha, kodwa wabe esenquma ukutadisha umthetho, wayengenandaba nesombusazwe. Lokhu kukhetho kwale nsizwa kwakuthonywe ngumyalelo kayise, owayethembele emuntwini nasezomnotho. Ukuze kudlule ukuhlolwa kommeli umfundi owakwazi ukuhamba ngo-March 1933.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, omunye wabafundisi wanxusa uWalter ukuba ajoyine i-NSDAP. Ukuze enze lokhu, uSyllenberg Walter wanquma kuphela izizathu zomsebenzi futhi ngenxa yesimo esimnyama se-SS, ayeyithandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayezwela uHitler, owayezama ukubuyisela ubukhulu baseJalimane. Wabe eseqala ukusebenza ezinkantolo ezihlukahlukene.

UWalter wabhala imisebenzi ehlukahlukene emlandweni wabafundi ababengamalungu e-SS. Imibiko yomthetho waseJalimane uHaydrich onentshisekelo, futhi wamema uSyllenberg ukuba asebenze ehhovisi lakhe. Ngokushesha le ndoda yakwazi ukungena ekuthembekeni kukaHimmler, owayengumholi we-RSHA. Ngesinye isikhathi uSuppenberg Walter wasindisa impilo yakhe ngokumdonsa emnyango ovalwe ngokuqinile endizeni.

Ukukhula komsebenzi

Ngo-1935, uSyllenberg (okufanekiselwe kulesi sihloko) waqala ukufeza imisebenzi yokulungiswa kweGestapo, okuwukuthi wayehlukanisile eBerlin. Ekwindla yonyaka ofanayo waya emsebenzini ezindaweni eziphakathi kwe-SD. Lapho waqala ukusebenza kuKhabhinethi yamafayela ephakathi, waqoqa imibiko ngezihloko ezahlukene zezinqubomgomo zangaphandle. Ngo-1937 wathola isikhundla someluleki kahulumeni eMnyangweni Wezangaphakathi.

Ngo-1938 wadala iphrojekthi ehlose ukuguqula isakhiwo samaphoyisa aseReich. Le phrojekthi yasungulwa ngemiyalo kaHeidrich, kodwa ayizange yamukelwe ngu-Himmler, owayesaba ukungavumelani noHess.

Ngo-1937, ilungu leNazi leNhlangano lalinquma ukuhoxisa ukholo lobuKatolika. Ngonyaka ofanayo, wahlela "i-Kitty salon," eyadlala indima ye-brothel yezimbangi. Kodwa-ke, umehluko phakathi kwalendawo nendawo efanayo kwakuwukuthi kwakuhlomele amadivaysi e-evesdropping.

Ucwaningo lukaSyllenberg

Abaningi bajwayele ukudweba kweHollywood, ikakhulukazi, nabathandekayo. Kwakusezindaweni ezivela kwifilimu yalolu hlobo ukuthi ihhovisi lapho uWalter Schellenberg asebenza khona lalifana. Ukumemeza kahle kuchaza isimo sakhe. Ehhovisi kwakukhona itafula elikhulu lapho kwakunezingcingo eziningi. Nomaphi lapho kwakukhona amadivaysi amancane okulalela, asebenza ngomsindo omncane noma omncane. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuwabona. Ihhovisi lalondolozwe i-alamu kagesi, evikela izinyathelo zokuphepha, amafasitela nakho konke ukungena. Wasebenza ebusuku, okungukuthi, ngenkathi uSyllenberg ehamba emsebenzini. Lapho esondela ekamelweni, kwasebenza, futhi amasosha afika e-alamu.

Itafula, omunye angase athi, kwakuyinqaba encane. Idizayini yalo yayihlanganisa izikhali ezizenzakalelayo, okungaqothula lonke iKhabhinethi. Endabeni yokuvula umnyango, imiphongolo yayibheke eceleni kwayo. Ukudubula, kwakwanele ukucindezela inkinobho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona enye inkinobho, eyakuvumela ukuxwayisa abalindi ngengozi, futhi nabo bavimbela zonke ukungena.

Ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili

Ngo-1938 uWalter Schellenberg wathatha ingxenye ebonakalayo ekuxhasweni kuka-Austria eJalimane, ekwenzeni imibiko yokuhola kwezinsizakalo ezikhethekile zaseJalimane ngokuphathelene nendawo kulo magazini we-Italy. Ngo-Mashi, wathunyelwa eVienna, lapho athola khona ulwazi kanye nezinto ezivela enkonzweni ye-counterintelligence yase-Austria, futhi wanikeza nokuvikeleka ku-Adolf Hitler. Ekwindla ngaya eDakar ukuthola ulwazi mayelana neFrance Navy.

U-Schellenberg, isithombe sakhe asingashicilelwa emaphephandabeni ngaleso sikhathi, wayengesiyena umholi omkhulu wamaNazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho negama lakhe lalingabantu abambalwa kakhulu abazi. Kodwa-ke, wayesesikhundleni esiphakeme ngokwanele sokugcina zonke izinto zezombusazwe, futhi wayenolwazi mayelana nezenzo zikaHitler nezinhloko zamazwe athile.

Ngaphandle kobuholi obuningi bokuhlakanipha, okwakwenziwa yi-fascists yaseJalimane, uWalter naye wathatha ngokuqondile ukusebenza. Baya emlandweni weMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ngakho-ke kudingeke ukuthi okungenani kubalulekile ukugqamisa labo abadume kakhulu.

Ukusebenza "Venlo"

Ekwindla ka-1939, ukuhlakanipha kweJalimane kwaqala "umdlalo" ngensizakalo yezobunhloli. Ngosizo lwezinhloli zamaDashi, amaJalimane akwazi ukuthumela ulwazi olungamanga kumaBrithani, ebenza baqonde ukuthi phakathi kwe-Wehrmacht kunabanye abaphikisi abaphikisana nabaseNtshonalanga. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kubalwe izinhloli eziningana ezisebenza eJalimane.

I-Schellenberg nayo yayihilelekile. I-Fate yamphonsa ezindaweni ezahlukene; Ngalesi sikhathi waya eHolland ngaphansi kwesigungu seqembu eliphikisayo.

Eminyakeni yakhe encane, uWalter wayengenalo ukubonakala okujwayelekile, ngakho-ke le nkulumo wathanda uDkt. Krinis, owenza umsebenzi ngokugcwele. Ukuhlonishwa kwaba kuhle kakhulu. USyllenberg Walter noKrinis babe nemihlangano eminingana emihle namalungu aseBrithani ohlakaniphile - uCaptain Best and Major Stevenson. Futhi kungazelelwe kwaziwa ngomzamo kaHitler. I-Fuhrer yasikisela ukuthi abaseBrithani bazama ukumbulala, futhi bayala ukuthunjwa kuka-Best no-Stevenson. UWalter ngokwakhe akazange avumelane nale nqubo, kodwa kwakudingeka alalele. Ukuthunjwa kweBrithani kwenzeka ngesikhathi seminye yemihlangano edolobheni laseDutch laseVitlo. Phakathi nomhlangano, amasosha e-SS afika futhi athumela abaseBrithani ensimini yaseJalimane.

Inecala lika-Best no-Stevenson alikwazanga ukufakazelwa, kodwa lapho befika eGestapo, abaseBrithani banikeza ulwazi oluningi oluwusizo.

Lokhu kusebenza phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili kwabizwa ngokuthi "Venlo". IJalimane lamangalela iHoli ngokuphula umthetho wokungathathi hlangothi futhi yahlasela umhlaba ngoMeyi 10, 1941. Ezinsukwini ezine kamuva u-Holland washaywa phansi.

Indawo yokuboshwa e-Best and Stevenson kwakuyikamu lokuhlushwa lapho beyikhona ngaphambi kokuphela kwempi.

Ebusuku bokuhlasela kwe-USSR

Ngaphambi kwempi neSoviet Union, kwakusele izinyanga eziningana, kanti uSyllenberg wabeka wonke amandla akhe ekubunjweni nasekuthunyeleni izinhloli e-USSR. Kanye nalokhu, umsebenzi we-counterintelligence ngokumelene namaRussia wanda. Ngaphandle kwezingqungquthela, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kwabakhokhelwa. Kwabahlali abathathu, omunye wayengummeli kaWalter. Inhloso eyinhloko yalezi zinhloli kwakuzosebenza endaweni ehlala kuyo ye-USSR. U-Schellenberg wabhala ngomsebenzi wakhe emibhalweni yakhe, ethi inselele yaseJalimane ingakwazi ukuvula imigudu eminingi yeposi kanye nendawo yabathumeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathiwa kwakwaziwa ngezindlela zomsebenzi wama-agent. Nokho, mhlawumbe uWalter wayeziqhenya nje, ngoba ngaphambi kwempi, ama-Russian agents awazange avumele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu eJalimane.

Ukuhlasela kwe-USSR

Ngo-June 22, 1941, uSyllenberg wathola isabelo sakhe esisemthethweni ekuthunjweni kwesikhulu sezobuchwepheshe emazweni angaphandle. Ngokushesha uWalter waqiniseka ukuthi ukuhlakanipha kwakhe akuzange kunikeze ulwazi olunembile mayelana nesimo sezindaba eSoviet Union. Ukumangala okuphelele kwaba ukumelana nezenzo zamasosha okuhlanganyelana.

Ngokushesha uWalter wakhipha inhlangano yomsebenzi ohlakaniphile ophumelelayo. Waqoqa futhi waphonsa iziboshwa zaseRussia ezinkambeni zangemuva. Babezilungiselele kahle futhi bavivinywe, kodwa njengoba iSirllenberg yavuma kamuva, iningi lazo lihanjiswe yi-NKVD.

UWalter wayekhanga emzabalazweni weSoviet Army wabantu ababeye bawela emaJalimane, ikakhulukazi uVlasov. Imemori kaShelenberg kamuva yatshela ukuthi amaJalimane adala kanjani ingxenye yeziboshwa zempi ("Druzhina"), eyakwazi ukubhubhisa inqola yama-SS eqapha iziboshwa, futhi yajoyina ababhikishi. Ngokuvamile, ababhikishi bakhipha lonke ibutho laseJalimane izinkinga eziningi.

U-Adolf Hitler ucele idatha evela kuSyllenberg kumabutho ahlangene, ukuqokwa kwabo njalo njalo. Wamangala ukuthi eSoviet Union wahlangana nokuphikisana okukhulu kanye nempi enkulu yama-guerrilla. Embikweni wakhe, uWalter wabiza ngokuthi isihluku isizathu esiyinhloko sokuvela kokumelana. Nokho, lo mbiko wanqatshwa nguHitler.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbiko wenqatshelwe, okubhekiswe ekubuyiselweni kokusebenza kwempi ensimini yeSoviet Union, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi isitha sithathwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuboshwe ochwepheshe ababambe iqhaza ekulungiseleleni lo mbiko. Kamuva, uSyllenberg wakwazi ukuvikela izisebenzi zakhe, kodwa wayengenakuziqinisekisa ukuthi ulungile, hhayi uFührer noma u-Himmler.

"I-Chapel Elibomvu"

Ngomnyaka we-1942, i-German intelligent intelligence yathola futhi yabhubhisa inethiwekhi enkulu ye-intelligence yaseRussia, eyanikezwa igama elithi "Red Capella". Empeleni, kwakukhona amanethiwekhi amabili anjalo: eyodwa eBerlin, enye eBrazil. U-Schellenberg naye wenza umzamo omkhulu endabeni yokudalulwa. "Umdlalo womsakazo" waqalwa ngosizo lwezithumela ezithunyelwe. Nakuba uWalter ngokwakhe evumile ukuthi ukuze angene esithembeni, kuthathe izinyanga ezimbalwa ukuthumela ulwazi oluthembekile. Kodwa-ke, izikhulu ze-intelligence zaseRussia zaqaphela ukuthi "zidlala" nabo, futhi zaqala ukwenza ngokuvumelana nesimo. Kuvela ukuthi ukubhujiswa kwenethiwekhi kwakuyihlanhla nje, kodwa esikhathini esizayo yonke imizamo ayiphumelelanga futhi ayizange ithole izinzuzo.

Izigaba zokugcina zempi

Ukuphela kwempi kwasekusondele. Ukushaywa kwamabutho aseJalimane kuqinisekisile ukungaqiniseki kukaSkyenberg ngomphumela weMpi Yezwe Yesibili. UWalter wayekulungele ukuxoxisana ngisho neSoviet Union. Kodwa-ke, kuqala umhlangano nomdibanisi waseMelika owenziwe. Kamuva, u-Himmler wayengajabuli kakhulu nalaba baxhumana nesitha.

Esikhundleni sokuxoxisana, i-SS Reichsfuehrer ihlongoze ukwenza umzamo ku-Stalin. Ngenxa yalokhu, abakwa-servicemen abaningana baqashwe, abathunyelwe ngemuva, kodwa umsebenzi wehlulekile, njengoba ama-agent abanjwa ngosuku olufanayo. Ukubulawa kwakufanele kufezwe ngezimayini ezilawulwa ngomsakazo. Ngokulandelayo, izingxoxo zomsakazo ne-intelligence yaseJalimane zenziwa ngenxa yabo.

Ngalesi sikhathi uWalter wabona ezinye zezitatimende zika-Adolf Hitler ezihlobene nezinketho zokuphela kwempi. Uthe uma kwenzeka ukuhlukunyezwa abantu baseJalimane babezoqinisekisa ukungajwayelekile kwabo kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokungenzeki kokuqhubeka.

Kodwa-ke, uSyllenberg Walter akazange ashiye imizamo yokuqhuba izingxoxo zokugcina ukuthula. Ngakho, ekupheleni kuka-1944, umhlangano oyimfihlo phakathi kuka-Himmler kanye nalowo owayengumongameli weSwitzerland kwenzeka. Umphumela waba ukukhululwa amaJuda angama-200 emakamu okuhlushwa ngokushintshanisa amatarektri nemithi, okwakudingeka kakhulu eJalimane.

U-Schellenberg ngosizo lwe-Red Cross wakwazi ukuthola imvume yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe aseFrance abesimakethe eRavensbruck.

Ngo-May 5, 1945, u-Admiral Doenitz, owaphumelela uHitler njengenhloko kahulumeni, wathumela iSuppenberg eStockholm. Ngakho waphela inkonzo yakhe.

Ngemva kokuzinikela kweJalimane, uWalter wakwazi ukuthola indawo yokuhlala endaweni yaseBernadotte. Ngaleso sikhathi, waqala ukuqoqa yonke imibiko yezingxoxo ezaziqhutshwa ezinyangeni zamuva.

Izivivinyo zaseNuremberg

Izigebengu zamaNazi (ngokusobala, akuzona zonke) zahlushwa isijeziso esifanele. I-International Military Tribunal yabona ukuhlukunyezwa kwe- fascist yaseJalimane njengesihluku esikhulu sezwe lonke futhi kwaba nethonya elikhulu ekugcineni kweNazism. Kodwa mayelana nakho konke okuhlelekile.

Ngokushesha ama-Allies aqhubeka nokufuna ukukhishwa kweSyllenberg, owazovela ngaphambi kwenkantolo. Ngemva kwesikhashana wafika eNormberg Trials. Izigebengu zamaNazi zabekwa icala ngabantu abanjengoGoering, Ribbentrop, Keitel, Rosenberg, Frank, Frick, nabanye abaningi (u-Himmler wayesevele enesikhathi sokuzonda yena). U-Schellenberg yena ngokwakhe wayibona leyo nqubo. Ngaphezulu kwakhe inkantolo yabanjwa ngo-1947. Amacala amaningi ayekwehla kuye. UWalter wayeyilungu le-SS ne-SD, ezaziwa njengezinhlangano zobugebengu. Kwakudingeka ajeziswe ngokubulawa kweziboshwa zaseRussia zempi.

Ukunciphisa isigwebo, kwenziwa imizamo yokusiza iziboshwa ezigabeni zokugcina zempi. Inkantolo yakhipha isinqumo: iminyaka eyisithupha ejele, kodwa isiboshwa sakhishwa ngo-1951 ngenxa yokuhlinzwa. Wabe esehlala eSwitzerland futhi waqala ukubhala izinkumbulo. UWalter Schellenberg, ogama lakhe elithi "Labyrinth" owaziwa kahle, wakwazi ukudala imemori ejabulisayo. Nokho, maduzane waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye uhulumeni ngesicelo samaphoyisa. Ngemva kwalokho wathuthela e-Italy, okungukuthi edolobheni elincane okuthiwa uPallanza.

U-Schellenberg washona ngo-Mashi 31, 1952 kwenye yemitholampilo yaseTurin, lapho ayelungiselela ukuhlinzwa esibindi. Ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe, uWalter wayeneminyaka engamashumi amane nambili ubudala.