Ubuchwepheshe Hardware kukhompyutha: yencazelo, incazelo kanye nohlobo

amakhompyutha zanamuhla ukuze lusebenze kahle futhi operation lesifanele usebenzisa hardware ne-software ukuthi kuhlobene kakhulu futhi ngokucacile uxhumana bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene. Manje thina uthinte ucabangela ihadiwe, ngoba ekuqaleni bona anesikhundla evelele ekuhlinzekeni ukusebenza kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha noma uhlelo ephathekayo.

Hardware izinhlelo: ngezigaba jikelele

Ngakho, yini esizimisele ekubhekaneni? Eqinisweni, i-hardware eziyinkimbinkimbi ajwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu. Eqinisweni, abasebenzisi abaningi abhekisela kuso ngokuthi ikhompyutha 'nensimbi'. Ngempela, i-hardware - lena 'nensimbi' esikhundleni yezingxenye isofthiwe engasekelwe ohlelweni computer. Ngendlela elula of ngezigaba, bahlukene zibe zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

Futhi kule division, kukhona ezintathu ekilasini ezinkulu ebaluleke kunazo amadivayisi:

• i kwidivaysi yokufakwayo;
• idivayisi;
• yesitoreji.

Ngokwemvelo, kufanele kuphawulwe eceleni kanye izakhi eziyinhloko zokufa kwezinhlelo zekhompyutha a umbadlana, CPU, nokunye. E. ezifana, Hhayi kufakwe yimiphi amakilasi ngenhla futhi liyisici esiyisisekelo, ngaphandle okungekho noyedwa computer nje ngeke zisebenze.

izakhi ikhompyutha Eziyisisekelo

Echaza ihadiwe iyiphi ikhompyutha kufanele kuqale yini ebaluleke kakhulu - the umbadlana, lapho zonke izingxenye zangaphakathi. Futhi ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba nezixhumi kanye Slots ukuxhuma kumadivayisi angaphandle.

Namuhla kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi "motherboards" futhi abakhiqizi yabo. Nokho, amakhadi afana amadeskithophu kanye laptops, kokubili ifomu ilungiselelo izici ngamunye ingahluka. Noma kunjalo, ngokuyisisekelo isicelo sabo lwezinhlelo zama-computer aliguquki.

Eyesibili ebaluleke kakhulu - central processing unit, okuyinto unesibopho ukusebenza. Esinye sezici eziyinhloko iyona imvamisa iwashi, obonakaliswe mega- futhi gigahertz, noma ngaphezulu nje, inani ebheka ukuthi imisebenzi eminingi aphansi angakhiqiza processor ngomzuzwana. Predictably, ijubane akulutho ngaphandle isilinganiso sesibalo kwemisebenzi ngemijikelezo ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuba abantu babulawelwe kuzo (ukulinganisa) elilodwa iyunithi msebenzi.

hardware Computer akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngaphandle emapheshana RAM nama-hard drive ezihlobene kumadivayisi USB. On kubo kuzoxoxwa kamuva.

Software kanye hardware

Ngo amakhompyutha zesimanje kanye amadivayisi hybrid, ezifana ROM noma non-oluyingozi inkumbulo CMOS okuyinto ngesisekelo eziyisisekelo okokufaka / okukhipha uhlelo, okuthiwa i-BIOS.

Kufana 'nensimbi' Chip, ezifuywa phezu umbadlana hhayi kuphela. It has firmware ayo, okuvumela hhayi kuphela ukugcina idatha oluyingozi, kodwa futhi ukuhlola izakhi kwangaphakathi, futhi okuphathelene nomngcele lapho ikhompyutha ivuliwe. Mhlawumbe, abanikazi abaningi PC umile uqaphela ukuthi okwamanje lapho ezwakalayo isignali uhlelo Dynamics. It nje kukhombisa ukuthi isivivinyo kudivayisi siphumelele.

izindlela idatha okokufaka

Manje cabanga amadivayisi wokufaka. Okwamanje yohlobo lwazo bangathembela impela eningi, futhi ukwahlulela by ukuthuthukiswa IT-ubuchwepheshe, ngokushesha bayoba nakakhulu. Noma kunjalo, i-basic kulolu hlu ubhekwa okulandelayo:

• ikhibhodi;
• igundane (isiqeshana sokuhambisa iminwe laptop);
• a induku yokudlala;
• ikhamera yedijithali;
• umbhobho;
• i isithwebuli zangaphandle.

Ngayinye yalezi amadivaysi ikuvumela ukungena izinhlobo ezahlukene zolwazi. Ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa isithwebuli injected eyenziwe ikhamera - isithombe ividiyo ku ikhibhodi - .. Umbhalo, njll Nokho, igundane, isiqeshana sokuhambisa iminwe, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke abalawuli nazo (ezandleni).

Njengoba kwekhibhodi, ukulawula imisebenzi lisebenzisa ngokusebenzisa izinkinobho noma inhlanganisela yakho. Kungenzeka ukuba uthole futhi ukufinyelela ezicini ezithile, ongakhetha nemiyalo nhlelo zokusebenzisa noma isofthiwe.

Imininingwane okukhipha izindlela

Hardware akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngaphandle amadivaysi okukhiphayo. Izinga iqukethe uhlu elandelayo:

• ukuqapha;
• iphrinta;
• umshini ohlola;
• umsindo futhi uhlelo isiqophi;
• wokudlala multimedia.

Kukhona eziyisisekelo ikhompyutha qapha noma ikhompyutha ephathekayo esibukweni. Kuyacaca eqinisweni ukuthi ubuchwepheshe banamuhla into-ngamakhasimende izinhlelo kokuhlanganyela nomsebenzisi ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza, nakuba lesi simo ngokulinganayo kusebenza izinhlelo lapho kucatshangwa imiyalo yokufaka. Kunoma yikuphi, umsebenzisi kufanele ubone ukuthi ibonakala esikrinini.

Njengoba for nye izakhi, zingabantu ezifiselekayo, nakuba kungadingeki (kahle, ngaphandle ukuthi ikhadi ihluzo, ngaphandle okuyinto izinhlelo yesimanje kungase kungasebenzi).

isitoreji semidiya

Ekugcineni, omunye amakilasi ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi - amadivaysi USB. Ukuba khona kwabo, kungakhathaliseki yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle izingxenye abezindaba, kumelwe. Lesi sigaba kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• hard disk drive (HDD);
• RAM;
• isilondolozi;
• oshayelayo yangaphandle (amadiski floppy, amadiski optical, USB-idivayisi).

Ngezinye izikhathi lapha zihlanganisa uhlelo BIOS ka CMOS-RAM Nokho, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kuba kunalokho idivayisi hybrid, okuyinto akunakubangelwa ngokulinganayo imikhakha ehlukene.

Yiqiniso, indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kuhlala hard drive, kanye "RAM". idrayivu kanzima - kusho Imininingwane hardware (ngokunembile, isitoreji yako kusho), ngoba lilondolozwe unomphela, futhi RAM - okwesikhashana (lapho ukuqala noma izinhlelo yokusebenza, ukukopisha okuqukethwe ukuba ebhodini lokunamathisela , njll ...).

Uma ucisha imemori kusula ngokuzenzakalela kukhompyutha, kodwa ulwazi kusuka hard drive akayi ndawo. Ngomqondo onabile, manje ancintisane drive kanzima kanye nabezindaba esikhiphekayo ezifana eliphezulu umthamo USB-amadivaysi, kodwa idrayivu kanye ngemoto optical hamba lwanyamalala uma kuphela ngenxa umthamo lakubo elincane nangokuthi kungenzeka umonakalo ngokomzimba.

amadivaysi zokuxhumana

ekilasini Uma uthanda, nakuba ezweni lanamuhla futhi zithandwa kakhulu, ungabiza kanye namadivayisi, obhekene liaising phakathi ngabanye ikhompyutha ezikhumulweni exhunywe ngqo noma amanethiwekhi (noma ngisho ezingeni internet ukukhululwa). Kukhona kungenzeka behlukene amadivaysi eziyinhloko:

• inethiwekhi adapters;
• imizila (modems, imizila, nokunye. d.).

Njengoba kusobala ngeke akwenze ngaphandle kwabo enhlanganweni amanethiwekhi (fixed noma ebonakalayo), ibe ibhekela ukunikwa ukufinyelela World Wide Web. Kodwa bambalwa abantu namuhla ukwazi ukuthi ama-computers amabili, isibonelo, kungenziwa zixhunywe ikhebula ngqo, njengoba kwakwenziwa engamashumi amabili edlule. Yiqiniso, lokhu ngandlela-thile kuyinto engenakwenzeka, Nokho, ukukhohlwa mayelana kungenzeka esinjalo kunomvuzo, ikakhulukazi lapho kudingeka ukukopisha esiningi ulwazi, futhi isithwali efanelekayo akuyona ususondele.

amadivaysi Ukuphepha nokuvikeleka idatha

Manje, olunye uhlobo idivayisi. Lokhu imikhiqizo hardware Ukuvikelwa, okuhlanganisa, isibonelo, 'nensimbi' zokuvikela, obizwa nangokuthi zokuvikela (lokuvikela kusuka IsiZulu - "udonga lomlilo").

Ngandlela-thile namuhla, abasebenzisi kakhulu bajwayele ukuthi firewall (aka firewall) ingumkhiqizo isofthiwe kuphela. Lena akuyona ngakho. Lapho networking ezingeni eliphakeme zokuvikeleka ukusetshenziswa izingxenye ezifana akuyona into efiselekayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka. Ngiyavuma, ngoba isofthiwe ingxenye akuyona njalo sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo izici zabo futhi ngeke sakwazi ukuphendula ngesikhathi ukuba angenele umsebenzi ngaphandle enethiwekhi, ingasaphathwa ukufinyelela ulwazi oluyimfihlo egcinwe kwi ngemoto computer kanzima noma amaseva.

Ukuxhumana software kanye hardware

Ngakho, i-hardware, thina kafushane sibuyekezwe. Manje amagama ambalwa mayelana nokuthi bakuphatha kanjani uxhumane isofthiwe.

Ngiyavuma, izinhlelo zokusebenza okunikeza ukufinyelela komsebenzisi Computing amakhono PC yakho, kufanele izidingo zabo. "OSes" Modern ukushwabadela izinsiza eziningi kangaka ukuthi izilimi akudala akudingeki amandla anele Computing, noma ukungabi khona kubo ukusebenza nje ngeke lemali edingekayo RAM. Lokhu ngenhlanhla isebenza ngokulinganayo futhi izicelo software yesimanje. Futhi-ke, akusiyo kuphela isibonelo ukubambisana okunjalo.

isiphetho

Ekugcineni kuwufanele bathi ihadiwe ingxenye computer yesimanje sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi isikhathi esifushane impela, Nokho, ukuze sifinyelele iziphetho izakhi eziyinhloko kohlelo ngezigaba kungaba. Futhi, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bama-computer eba, kodwa iholela futhi yokuthi amadivayisi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ezinhlobo ezehlukene kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu (thatha isigqoko virtual). Kodwa kuze kufike ukucushwa eziyisisekelo, kulesi simo sibonisa yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho akunakwenzeka namuhla ukuba khona noma yiluphi uhlelo kukhompyutha. Nokho, lapha, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, asizange kubhekwe kumadivayisi eselula, ngoba babe kudivayisi ehlukile kancane kusukela nge-computer, nakuba kukhona ngempela kuningi abafana ngakho.