Izikhangibavakashi Pyatigorsk - izithombe kanye nokubuyekeza

Lo muzi eningizimu nge isimo esingavamile futhi sezulu evumayo kakhulu kuyingxenye CMS abadumile (zaseCaucasia Mineral Amanzi). Izinkulungwane zezihambeli ziyafika lapha ukuze bathuthukise impilo yabo. Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela. Abaningi ehilela ezikhangayo eziningi lapha.

Pyatigorsk - idolobha ukuthi inomlando ocebile, ngakho ezikhumbuzo yezakhiwo kanye namasiko insimu yalo, kukhona ungowenani elikhulu.

Imininingwane zomlando

Kukholakala ukuthi lo muzi yasungulwa ngo 1780. Ekuqaleni le ndawo ngokuthi Bish Dagh. Okokuqala, loMfula scrofula River (a owumthelela Podkumok), phezu Azov-Mazdokskoy umugqa Yakhiwa Konstantinogorskaya inqaba. Kancane kancane ke uvele emhlabeni edolobheni elincane, okuyinto waqala ukuhlala izikhulu osethathe umhlalaphansi.

Isihambi abadumile nomhloli wamazwe P. S. uPallas wafika kulezi zindawo 1793 wathatha ekutadisheni bendawo iziphethu owaziwa. Ngemva kokukhishwa kukamagazini i ngemiphumela yocwaningo izindaba bamanzi ngokuyisimangaliso ngokushesha lasakazeka ezweni lonke ngokushesha. Iziguli kulo lonke elaseRussia ayethe njó eningizimu, ukuze izimpahla esindisa impilo.

UMbusi u-Alexander I ngo-1803 yakhipha isimemezelo "Ngo ukwakhiwa phezu kwamanzi ashisayo." nokuqaliswa kwalo waphathiswa usosayensi and umklami N. A. Lvovu. Ubhadane lwesifo, lezimpi yasePheresiya, Turkey neFrance uvinjelwe ukuqaliswa kwe-project. Nokho, ngemva kwesikhashana imiphumela yabuya ithi, nomuzi usuthandwa kabanzi njengendlela resort wezempilo.

Iminikelo ngesikhathi kwakhiwa

izimo zokuphila Akulona ukhululekile ngokushesha nokwelashwa wakhuthaza izivakashi amaningi acebile awazange emzini ukwenzenjalo futhi ngokuzithandela bayanikela nokuphana kakhulu.

Omunye imithombo umthengisi ezakhiwa Varvaci zokugeza sokhuni ngemva kwakhe yase yaziwa ngokuthi "Varvatsievskimi nokugeza." Phakathi sangaleso Mashuk Intaba noKhomishana Zezıhlabane Cherniavsky eyakhelwe eziningana izakhiwo efulethini emthonjeni. Ngakho, sibonga iminikelo futhi kwakukhona zokuhlala amanzi ashisayo, egcwele maphakathi-CMS.

Isigaba esisha nokuthuthukisa umuzi

Ngemva ukuqokwa kwakhe njengephini Chief of eCaucasus Military District, Jikelele A. P. Ermolova omuzi aqala uyoshintshwa. Ngaphansi kobuholi Jikelele ngo-1819 waqala kabusha izindawo zokugeza ubudala. Endaweni yabo ezintsha, ngokuthi "Yermolovskoye okugeza." Esakhiwe abanye izakhiwo eziphethwe uhulumeni. It uqala ukwakha asebenzayo, kuhlanganise nezindlu zokuhlala.

ukwakhiwa sesitimela

Ukugeleza labo abafisa ukuvakashela imithombo emangalisayo unyaka nonyaka liba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kukhona Nesidingo sokuqeqesha. Leli igatsha lokuqala le-Rostov ukuze Mineralnye Vody eyalwa ngo-1875. Kulo babekwa phambi Pyatigorsk onguthelawayeka. Ngemva iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili phakathi Kuma futhi Pyatigorsk ukwakha ujantshi, futhi bonke abanye ungase zima ngqo resort.

zokungcebeleka edolobheni

Ngaphezu imithombo emangalisayo, edolobheni waziwa izikhumbuzo zalo emlandweni futhi yokwakha. Namuhla sizothatha emfushane ibanga uhambo Pyatigorsk.

Okwesibili-Athos Isigodlo kweNyuka. ukwakhiwa kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe ngenxa isidingo ekuthuthukiseni hhayi kuphela umzimba kodwa futhi umphefumulo. Okukhulu kakhulu indela Gerasim navuswa kanye izindela amabili ukusuka eNtabeni Athos e Mount Beshtau. Abode wahlala impilo elokuthula kulinganiswa kuze kube ngu-1927 ngenkathi amaBolshevik akazange ukuyivala. Izimfundamakhwela ziyaye waya ezintabeni, ezakhiwe kwengqamuzana futhi yesonto. Abaningi babo bafunana kahle walondoloza kuze kube yilolu suku.

izakhamizi City wathumela izikhalo eziningi futhi izicelo kuziphathimandla mayelana ukuvuselelwa yesigodlo. Naphezu kwalokhu, ukushushiswa okwaqhubeka we izindela isakhiwo sezindela labhujiswa. Ngalesi ndawo entwasahlobo oNgcwele, futhi ngo-1997 uvele lapha bakhulekele esiphambanweni. Waba wuphawu ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo ongcwele.

Kwathatha eminye iminyaka emithathu, futhi isonto elisha sakhiwa kule ndawo.

Pre-image "ka Nethempeli Aeolus"

Ngo-1831, phansi eliphezulu kakhulu Mashuk elaklanywa George. Bernardazzi yakhiwa enkulu ubuhle Gazebo "aeolian Ihabhu". Gazebo isungule insimbi yomculo ehlukile. ihabhu aeolian ngesikhathi yasakazwa kabanzi eYurophu. Wawunamabhodi wamahabhu ezimbili ezivamile ibekwe endaweni bezinhlamvu sokhuni, iphiko okuthiwa ukuthi uphaka ihabhu engela umoya. Ihabhu ukucula ngaphansi kwethonya umoya. Wama Gazebo kuze 1861.

Kamuva, ngo-90s, Dome kwaqala ngo Gazebo ehlobo ukusungula imodeli lula ihabhu aeolian, futhi ezikhathini Soviet lapho wabekwa eliyingqayizivele 'amazinga electronic ihabhu aeolian ", okuyinto kwakuzwakala engamashumi amabili. Kusukela ngo-2008, wenza umsebenzi a imishini ihabhu umsindo.

igalari zezemfundo

Ngo Pyatigorsk, lesi sakhiwo kungabonwa ukusuka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu - ukukhanya futhi kulula, ugcwalisa umphefumulo ngokujabula. Kutholwe ke kuyisimangaliso e Goryachevodskaya Valley, walahlekelwa phakathi yokhalo kwangaphakathi nentaba ashisayo.

Lapho resort isanda kusungulwa, impilo eziyisisekelo abiliswe ezishisayo namabhati, etholakala eduze kwabo. Eziningana ibanga ukusuka emhlabeni ngesikhathi ushayisa inguzunga umthombo engaziwa ngamanzi afudumele. Kuphela sibonga udokotela eMoscow Fedoru Gaazu wakwazi ukuthola amandla ako ukuphulukiswa. udokotela wakhe ukutholakala ngokuthi Elizabethan sulphurous emthonjeni.

Ngokushesha ukuphulukiswa elambile safinyelela lapha kugeleza, futhi abaningi babo baqiniseka ukuthi amanzi amaningi baphuze, ngokushesha alulame. Ngakho bephuza nsuku zonke ukuze amathathu izibuko.

Phakathi kwe-"izinqubo" abantu abahamba eseduze. Nokho, ukungcebeleka okunjalo sakuleli sezulu esihle ecacile. Futhi uma ukubhoboza abandayo umoya noma imvula enkulu? Ngakho-ke, kule ndawo lakhiwa umjondolo elula, okuyinto indawo ngokushesha umuntu lokhuni.

Lapho umbusi eCaucasus baba MS Vorontsov - indoda ekhaliphile, njengoba ayephethe ukunambitheka obucayi, ukwakhiwa igalari waqala. Wefa yephrojekthi, wakhetha wezakhiwo eyiNgisi, uSamuweli Upton owakha esigodlweni YaseCrimea Vorontsov. Umakhi eyalwa ukwakha enhlokodolobha yase imithombo yamanzi amtoti igalari. Owayeyinxusa babekholelwa kufanele ukuthi ukuphumula mibandela kuyoba mnandi kakhulu uphuze amanzi, futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izulu lihle sezulu esibi.

Ukuhlela ukwakheka wagcwalisa intando Vorontsov. Ngeshwa, ukudalwa enhle Upton eside esetshenziswa inhloso yazo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, odokotela lokhu resort ethandwa sanquma ukuwuphuza lamanzi esiphethu kuyize. Futhi igalari, futhi umthombo uqobo wazibonakalisa ezingadingekile. amahholo zakhona ziye zaba ingashintshwa ngekwetinhloso letehlukene - ezigcemeni, siphephelo abampofu, indawo yokwamukela nokugeza. Kwakukhona ngisho cafe kanye yokudlela. Ngo-1925, i-resort igalari entsha yezokwelapha futhi zezemfundo lethiwa samanje, behlonipha usuku emangalisayo - the bicentenary we-Russian Academy of Sciences.

Lo muzi ngokuvumelanayo ihlanganisa ezikhangayo yemvelo kanye eyenziwe. Pyatigorsk futhi izakhamuzi zalo ngomsebenzi omuhle Imigede fabulous, ekhona kulo mhlaba. abajwayelene Okuningi nabo.

sivale indlela engena emgedeni ka Diana

Ekuqaleni, lesi sakhiwo wabizwa ngokuthi sivale indlela engena emgedeni Elborus, behlonipha emqansweni lokuqala Elbrus uhambo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1829. Ngo 1830, wezakhiwo Dzhuzeppe Bernardatstsi udale iphrojekthi ukuthi ngo-1831 sivale indlela engena emgedeni ukuthi eyayakha yayiqeda ngokugcwele. Emnyango zafakwa Amapulangwe amabili wenza cast iron, okuyinto ngesiRashiya bese Arabhu zalotshelwa imininingwane ummango. Kamuva iqanjwe kabusha. Baqamba sivale indlela engena emgedeni ka Diana - the ongumvikeli yokuzingela izinganekwane wamaRoma.

Lokhu emhumeni is eyayenziwe ezibaziweyo ku amadwala phezu kwentaba ashisayo. It lihlotshiswe amakholomu zamatshe. Mainsail lwaleli nge zokungena ezintathu wabeka tuff Ashen. Phansi embozwe slabs aqoshiwe. Ngaphakathi ku-kubakaki ekhethekile umiselwe ebhentshini ongaphambili omise ka slabs kahle iphucuziwe. Maphakathi egumbini waya endaweni yesikhulumi babemisa amatafula eyenziwe ngetshe le ophucuziwe. Ngaphambi kokungena ebaleni lokudlala ifakwe futhi batshala rose white lomtholo.

Lokhu sivale indlela engena emgedeni kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa igama imbongi omkhulu Russian M. Yu. Lermontova. Wayethanda ukuba uvakashele lapha. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ngokufa okudabukisayo Mikhail abangane bakhe okuhleliwe lapha "party yasemakhaya".

I last sokubuyiselwa ezinkulu kwenziwa sivale indlela engena emgedeni ngo-1974. Iqiniso lokuthi lapha kwakukhona imbongi omkhulu, libonisa uqweqwe.

Lapho ayehlala khona Princess Mary

Njengoba wazi, umfanekiso Princess ngokuhlanganyela. Heroine noveli endlini Ilungiselelo Kirov, 12 "ixazululwe" umdwebi Hungarian Mihaly Zichy, lapho ngo 1881 wafika emzini ukuhlola zalo ezikhangayo. Pyatigorsk washaya okunokufometha ubuhle bayo. Ukuhamba phakathi ezitaladini zawo, ebona ukuthi kwakuwajabulisa le ndlu zingezona ezibonakalayo. Kuyinto lapho nokuboniswe imifanekiso ukuze Lermontov indaba njengoba ekhaya of Princess uMariya. Kwaba ejwayelekile sikhathi isakhiwo sokhuni, okuyinto kamuva kakhulu laligcwele isitini. Namuhla, kuyinto isakhiwo abantu abahlala kuyo.

Memory imbongi

Ngokuvamile, igama imbongi emzini ihlobene eziningi ezikhangayo. Pyatigorsk - edolobheni lapho afike achitha khona iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe esifushane, ebhala imisebenzi yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke, futhi afela khona.

Phakathi ukudalwa kwepaki Emanuelevskogo Bernardazzi abazalwane wadala mainsail ezimbili: ezincane nezinkulu. Kugcine - odabuka yemvelo. Lena emhumeni ezincane, okuyinto kancane kuphela lujule. Kusukela 1860, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi sivale indlela engena emgedeni ka Lermontov.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, umqondisi Khvoshchinskiy-CMS banquma ukwakha e Pyatigorsk ukwakhiwa metal namabhodlela. isivumelwano esasayinwa ukwakhiwa igalari ne ngokuqinile Polish "Hhawu. Gostynsky & Co ". Igalari savulelwa umphakathi ekuqaleni kuka-1902. Izakhamuzi ngokushesha walibiza ngokuthi "Lermontov igalari." Kuze kube namuhla cishe alishintshanga. Namuhla-ke kungokwalabo Philharmonic State. It has embukisweni kanye concert amahholo. Kwakukhona izinkanyiso ezifana Yermolov, Chaliapin, Mayakovsky, Sobinov nabanye.

Indawo Duel M. Yu. Lermontova lesikhumbuzo namuhla waphawula imisebenzi BM Mikeshina. Mangisho ukuthi iphrojekthi ayeyenzile izinguquko eziphawulekayo, lapho umbhali akazange asijabulele.

iminyuziyamu

On the Brothers emgwaqweni Bernardazzi, eduze kwendawo yokungena epaki "Imbali Garden" kuyinto History Museum of Pyatigorsk. It yasungulwa ngo 1905. esichasiselweni sakhe esithi ziphephile ezingaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane ukuthi ukwethula izivakashi isiko, umlando kanye nemvelo kulo muzi emangalisayo Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo.

Museum ine kogebhezi ezinye izingxenye zeningizimu ye indlovu skeleton, okuyinto wahlala Emhlabeni abangaphezu kwesigidi edlule. Inzalo izivakashi buso izikhathi Aleksandra Makedonskogo wamaRoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza iqoqo ezingavamile izibhamu kanye nezikhali bladed.

National History Museum of Pyatigorsk inama iqoqo eliyingqayizivele imisebenzi ngabaculi Russian kanye angaphandle ubudala 18-19.

Into elandelayo wethu ukuvakasha itoho komuzi uyoba Museum "Izinyathelo lokuqala amandla kagesi." Itholakala emzini omncane eduze ezishisayo amandla plant lesi sakhiwo. Kusukela ngo-1997, kuye kwaba yisikhumbuzo, futhi kamuva ngonyaka bajoyine inhlangano "amakilabhu Russian UNESCO.

Verzilin endlini liyingxenye Museum-Reserve M. Yu. Lermontova. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo zamasiko nezomlando izinto ezinenzuzo sikahulumeni. Lesi sakhiwo idolobha elivamile yesifundazwe eyakhelwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 - a storey eyodwa, ezakhiwe ngokhuni phezu kwesisekelo samatshe, ine ophahleni yensimbi. Le ndlu yakhiwe e 1822. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa yathengwa MI Verzilin. Kukulo muzi lapho Julayi 25, 1841 imbongi omkhulu wabizelwa duel. On the olungaphambili lwesonto yokugcina yale ndlu iyakuba kuthé uqwembe.

Kuwo wonke Verzilin umndeni yonke indlu kwekhulu le-19 ephethwe. Ngo-1920-ke zadliwa uhulumeni. Ngo-1945, lapho sadalwa Museum "Indlu Lermontov". Esikhathini forties sekwephuzile endlini wavula umnyango kwezincwadi Museum, ositshela ngokuphila umsebenzi wezinkondlo. Ngo-1968, lo mbukiso ibuyekeziwe. Likhuluma indaba Lermontov eCaucasus.

Gazebo Chinese

isiqu esinjalo azithola ngenxa ifomu quirky yezakhiwo. Ekuqaleni ehlotshisiwe ingilazi anemibala, ngoba ibizwa ngokuthi "umbala". Uvele Pyatigorsk ngo-1902, kodwa labhujiswa. Ngo-1974, JF Shahovskaya waba umqophi abadumile, idale Gazebo entsha, okuyinto inikeza umbono omangalisayo Mashuk Intaba, Mount Elbrus futhi Beshtau futhi panorama olunothile edolobheni.

echibini ukwehluleka

ifa yemvelo Pyatigorsk kuyinto emhumeni engavamile kokuba simise oyindilinga. Ezansi ke ashaya kahle esikhulu Karst echibini, bagcwala amanzi amaminerali elikhanyayo nombala oluhlaza (ngenxa esikhulu nokuqukethwe kwalo hydrogen sulfide ne-hydrogen sulfide amagciwane). Ubude bayo amamitha ayishumi nanhlanu, ububanzi - nanye. Kwake kwathi ngo-1858, waba wamba isikhamo obuphelele Umhubhe kwamamitha amahlanu nesishiyagalombili, amanzi ephulukisa yasetshenziselwa okugeza. Ngo-1885, leli chibi futhi emhubheni Igebe emhumeni abangu ngayingcwelisa, futhi niche ekhethekile womhume usumisiwe isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sithathelwe indawo isithonjana Umphilisi Panteleimon.

Izibuyekezo

Pyatigorsk wavakashela basutha sokuhambela kwabo. impendulo sabo esihle kuhlotshaniswa nature enhle ngendlela engavamile kulezi zindawo, ithuba babone ngamehlo abo siqu ezikhumbuzo zomlando esiyingqayizivele.

Kuningi okuhle kukhona abasebenzi Museum, abazama ukubuyisela futhi bayayazisa ziphephile esingenantengo ezihlobene umlando kanye namasiko lomuzi lwabo lwendabuko. Abaningi bathi i-kahle wacabanga izinkambo uhambo nobuchwepheshe Abaqondisi wendawo.

Abantu iza Pyatigorsk ukuze ayokwelashwa, beshiya ukubuyekezwa okuhle nokubi. Eyokuqala ezihlobene ithonya kwesithathu ezuzisayo amanzi ephulukisa emizimbeni yabo kanye ekwenteni ncono impilo.

Izibuyekezo ezingezinhle zivame kakhulu ezihlobene ne intengo ngokungadingekile eliphezulu amathikithi complex sibhedlela.