Investment amaphrojekthi - Iyini? Inhloso kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo amaphrojekthi utshalomali

Namuhla, igama elithi "utshalomali" kuthandwa kakhulu phakathi uquqaba ezehlukene zomphakathi. Uma ekuqaleni lokhu kwakwenziwa capitalists abacebile enkulu kuphela, manje konke kwashintsha ngokuphazima kweso. Investment amaphrojekthi - Iyini? Indlela uqhubeke ukuthola imali unomphela futhi uzinzile?

I kohlelo lwebhizinisi

Ngo umkhuba ngamazwe, amaphrojekthi utshalomali - uhlela, okuyinto ahlobene okunamathiselwe ukuze uthole inzuzo eyengeziwe. Nakubukwa jikelele, noma yikuphi entsha umqondo okhaliphile webhizinisi ngandlela-thile kufanele ukuheha capital entsha. Yingakho ngomqondo ebanzi amaphrojekthi utshalomali - iyona imisebenti lehambisana ukuqaliswa ibhizinisi isu lenkampani ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo. kakhulu inqubo ukuqaliswa iminotho ithuthukiswe - uchungechunge lwemisebenzi lezonhlelo ezihlobene inter-: Ukuthengwa imishini nemishini, kokubonisana amasevisi ukulungiswa isabelomali kanye project imibhalo, ukubhida, nokuqondisa umsebenzi, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, ukuthengwa amalayisense, ukwakhiwa kanye nomsebenzi inhlangano nokunye okunjalo.

Cycle Project Life

Ukuqaliswa iphrojekthi utshalomali - kuba njalo isikhathi eside (ngaphandle ezingavamile). Umnotho ukuqhuba eside ezifana "umklamo umjikelezo". Kusho ukuthini? Lesi isikhathi phakathi Ukuqalwa yephrojekthi nokuqedwa yayo. Lona umqondo oluyisisekelo ikhambi yonke imisebenzi yezimali kanye ukwamukelwa izinqumo ezidingekile. State, lapho amaphrojekthi utshalomali - izigaba okuthiwa noma izigaba. sokuphila isigaba isikhathi lapho okubakhona main notshwala zezimali ngephimbo elifanayo, isakhiwo yabo cishe njalo, futhi ukugcwaliseka umqondo lomcimbi cishe njalo. Ubude umjikelezo kusho ukuthi ukubaluleka izimali esizayo kanye ezindleko kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ngomzuzu wamanje zihlukile.

Ukuzalwa kuka-mbono

Investment amaphrojekthi - lena ngokuyinhloko, umbono. Lo mkhankaso i ukumnika kwezimali kungavela nakomunye umuntu wemvelo noma womthetho ngubani ofisa iqhaza inqubo nokutshala izimali. Kungaba ikhasimende obona umkhiqizo noma nomkhiqizi yimuphi umkhiqizo lapho imijovo wezimali omusha kudingeka. Umqalisi kungenzeka umtshali wemali uyobe ofuna imali futhi akazi ukuthi Amathuba okuphumelela, futhi hlobo luni ukubuya ungathola ekugcineni.

Ukubaluleka business plan

Imali yokwakha utshalomali - inqubo okuyinto njalo iqala pre-ukuthuthukiswa izinhlelo zebhizinisi futhi afeze izibalo ezidingekayo. Kuyini lokhu? Uhlelo lwebhizinisi yephrojekthi utshalomali - yinqubo ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi. Lena idokhumenti ejwayelekile ukuthi likuchaza ngokuningiliziwe umqondo yephrojekthi real kakhulu utshalomali, unikezwa izimfanelo zaso. Indlela isethulo nokuthuthukiswa ngokushesha we plan kuncike isimo somsebenzi okhishiwe utshalomali. Uhlelo lwebhizinisi kuhlanganisa isakhiwo ngokucacile nangokunganqikazi okunengqondo, ezigxile umnotho eziphambili. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ukuncintisana imikhiqizo by izimfanelo futhi intengo ezingeni. Isibikezelo esingashintshi kuze kufinyelelwe esikhathini lomjikelezo ukuphila yephrojekthi kanye nemikhiqizo (noma amasevisi) ngokukhethekile.

uhlelo lwezimali

Lena ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu esigabeni ukuthuthukiswa yephrojekthi. He is eqinisweni umbandela esiyinhloko ukwamukelwa (noma uzokwaliwa) yephrojekthi utshalomali, njengoba impendulo yombuzo othi, ngayiphi indlela futhi lokho isikhathi esithile izonikeza ukubuya ku etshaliwe. Loluhlelo zezimali kuyinto ukubala ezinengqondo imali kanye nezindleko baziwa izinkomba zokuveza indlela yokusebenza. Futhi ibalwa kwesikhathi payback lekusisa phrojekthi.

Isigaba sokuqala. umqondo

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala amaphrojekthi utshalomali - yilokho umqondo. ukusebenza elilinganiselwe iphrojekthi, wadala izinhlelo lobuchwepheshe izidingo, izithonjana akhethiwe, kubalwa imithombo yezimali ezidingekayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izinto ezifanayo, futhi ngalo ukubala. Lesi sigaba libhekene ukwanda izindleko (ngempela ngokushesha) kanye nokuntuleka ephelele engenayo kanye nokuphuma kwemali. okunye amaphrojekthi utshalomali nazo isakhiwa. It uqagula lapho kukhona ngeziphambeko ezahlukene kusukela imigomo yokuqala futhi izinhlelo sicabangela sebuningini izizathu (inhlekelele umangazwa ukuqaphela noma ngezimali izinkinga nokunye).

Eyesibili esiteji. yokufuna ezidingekayo

Iqala yokufuna bofeleba netinhlavu ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi ukusebenza, ngakho imali izindleko sikhule nakakhulu. Sungula izimali ezintsha, uthole patent kudingekile namalayisense. Ukuphumelela iphrojekthi utshalomali - ipharamitha ukuthi kusekelwe kulahlwa ezinengqondo futhi ezanele ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi. Izindleko nazo ku ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, ukukhangisa umkhankaso, kokubhaliswa ngokomthetho komsebenzi, ubunjiniyela enemininingwane, zokuthenga kanye kwempahla - okungukuthi konke okudingekayo ukuze iphrojekthi. Namarisidi, efana esigabeni sokuqala, akukho.

Isigaba sesithathu. nokuthuma

Kulesi sigaba amaphrojekthi utshalomali - kuba impela isilungele izinto ngokugcwele ukusebenza. Kuyinto ku esigabeni sesithathu, kancane kancane wasungula. • Ukunciphisa elibukhali imali nokwenyuka izimali elihlobene ne-irisidi yemali kusuka ekuqaleni kokusebenza. Ekupheleni esigabeni sesithathu imali zezimali iphezulu kakhulu. Kulesi sigaba zihlanganisa umshuwalense, nokukhokhwa amaholo abasebenzi, ukuthengwa izinto futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukulungiswa yokuthengisa izimali, wokukhokha izintela, izinguquko amafa kunesidingo.

Isigaba sesine. njengoba sinjalo

Ngalesi sikhathi, le phrojekthi has njalo isebenza futhi sachaza ukukhiqizwa nalehleliwe izimpahla noma amasevisi. inzuzo ivolumu kuzole. On wonke, esigabeni sesine kufanele siphumule nokuqhuba ibhizinisi yephrojekthi utshalomali. It libhekene nemingcele ezifana ukukhiqizwa umthamo ukusetshenziswa, inqubo esebenza kahle kuze automatism ephelele sifinyelele eziphansi kwezimpahla noma amasevisi.

Isigaba sesihlanu. Ezenye futhi Amathemba

Ngalesi sikhathi amaphrojekthi utshalomali eseyifezile kakade bebodwa. Kukhona ukugqoka izimali ukusekela ukukhiqizwa izindleko bayanda futhi yehlise nokuphuma kwemali. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ezimweni eziyisishiyagalolunye kweziyishumi iphrojekthi ulindele idilize. Nanobe kunjalo, lesinye simo kungenzeka. Yini?

impilo entsha

Inhloso ye-project utshalomali - ngokuyinhloko inzuzo. Kodwa kuthiwani uma umqondo akuyona yisikhathi, kodwa isiqala ukuba athwale ukulahlekelwa? Reinvestment - lena indlela yokuphuma. Kodwa kuyini na? Lokhu ukuhamba notshwala wezimali ka kwamanye amafa kahle kakhulu. Lesi senzo ubopha utshalomali khulula capital by kabusha ukuba ukukhiqizwa noma yokufuna izindlela ezintsha ngenxa yokulondoloza ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi. Kunezinhlobo eziningana yalokhu kuthuthukiswa:

• ukutshalwa kwezimali ukusishintsha, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi izakhiwo ezikhona baguqulelwa ku amasha;
• ukuhleleka, sesimanje izinqubo zobuchwepheshe;
• izinhlelo ushintsho ukukhululwa;
• nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokwenziwa, okuhloswe ngawo ukudala imikhiqizo emisha kanye izimakethe ezintsha zemikhiqizo inhlangano yokuthengisa yayo.

Reinvestment zimali ukuzuza ukudayiswa kwempahla, intela ukusikeka, lo inflow kwezimali ngokusebenzisa le ukudayiswa ingxenye kokusebenza. Usayizi izindleko kuleli cala is kakhulu ziyancipha.

Control kanye nokuqapha

Control - ithuba ikhanda iphrojekthi utshalomali ukuhlonza bese ubuyekeze izinhlelo kanye nezilinganiso ukulungisa imisebenzi. Control inikeza:

• ukuqapha unomphela (ukubhekwa project ukuqaliswa inqubo);
• ukucinga ngeziphambeko, ukhatshana lelitshe ngenombolo imikhawulo ezibhekwayo ilungiswe isabelomali, lwezikhathi, nokunye;
• ekubikezeleni isimo.

Izinto ukulawula - amaqiniso, imicimbi, ukuhlolwa yezenzo eziphathekako izinqumo. Kwenta zokuqapha jikelele yikhasimende noma abaphathi inkampani egameni layo. Futhi, ngokuhambisana inkontileka, inkampani-umthuthukisi noma usonkontileka unelungelo okuyohlola.