Bangaki abantu ababekhona kwi-Titanic? Bangaki abangasinda nokuthi bangaki abantu abafa kwi-Titanic?

Enye yezinhlekelele kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo izenzakalo eziyimfihlakalo zekhulu lama-20 ukuwa komxhumanisi omkhulu kunazo zonke wesikhathi saso - i-Titanic. Kuze kube manje kukhona izingxabano eziningi mayelana nemininingwane yokufa kwakhe: bangaki abantu ababekhona kwi-Titanic, bangaki babo abasinda, nokuthi bangaki abafayo, okuyinto eyabangela iphutha lakhe. Ake sizame okungenani ingxenye ukuze siqonde lezi zingu-nuances.

Umlando wokwakhiwa

Ukuze uthole ukuthi bangaki abantu abahlala kwi-Titanic, kufanele uqale unqume inani labagibeli nabasebenzi abangase bakwazi ukubhekana nalo. Ngalesi sizathu sizogxila emlandweni wokwakhiwa kolwandle olwandle.
Umqondo wokudala umkhumbi omkhulu wabagibeli wempi wasukuma ngokuqondene nomncintiswano omkhulu phakathi kwezinkampani "White Star Line" no "Cunard Line". Inkampani yokugcina yaleso sikhathi yayivele yakwazi ukudala ama-liners amaningi angama-intercontinental amakhulu, amakhulu kunawo wonke ngesikhathi sabo. Ngokwemvelo, inkampani ethi "i-White Star Line" ayifuni ukuguga ngemuva. Ngakho umqondo wokwakha i- "Titanic" wazalwa, okwakufanele ukuphule amarekhodi ngosayizi kanye namandla.

Ukwakhiwa kwaqala entwasahlobo ka-1909 emkhunjini wemikhumbi eBelfast, e-Ireland. Abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-1 500 bahlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwaleli giant. Sakhele izindlela ezijwayelekile zesikhathi, lapho i-keel ebonakalayo ibekwa khona nge-keel enezingqimba zomkhumbi.

Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ka-1911 i-Titanic yaqalwa. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwaqedwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kwemishini egumbini lejinini nokuqeda umsebenzi kwenziwa.

Ngo-February 1912 umkhumbi wawulungele ngokuphelele, futhi ngo-Ephreli waqala ukusebenza.

Izici zobuchwepheshe be-Titanic

"I-Titanic" ngesikhathi sokudalwa kwayo kwakuwumkhumbi omkhulu kunazo zonke ngaphambili. Ubude bayo babuyi-259.8 m, ukuphakama - 18.4 m, ububanzi - ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-28, uhlaka lwama-10,54m, ukuthutha - amathani angu-52 310, isisindo - amathani angu-3300. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sinamandla okuba amahhashi angu-55 000 futhi Wathuthukisa ijubane lama-knots angu-24, okwakutholakala ngenxa yezikhwama ezintathu, izinjini ezimbili ezine-cylinder kanye ne- turbine yesithambile. Ubukhulu obunjalo nobukhona bezingxenye eziyishumi nanhlanu zadala ukukholelwa kokungaqiniseki.

Manje ake sithole ukuthi bangaki abantu abaphakathi kwe-Titanic abangatholakala ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokusho kwezobuchwepheshe, umkhumbi ungabamba abagibeli abangu-2556 nabangu-908 abasebenzi. Ingqikithi - abantu abangu-3464. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwi "Titanic" kwakukhona izikebhe zokuphila ezingu-20 kuphela, ezingaba khona abagibeli abangu-1178 kuphela. Lokhu kungukuthi, ekuqaleni ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uma kwenzeka inhlekelele enkulu, ngaphansi kwengxenye yalabo abangase babe khona kwi-liner bazokwazi ukukhululwa. Kodwa, kungenzeka ukuthi akekho owake wacabanga ukuthi inhlekelele enjalo ingenzeka "emkhunjini" ongenakuqhathaniswa.

Kodwa-ke, amandla okukwazi umkhumbi awunayo impendulo enembile yombuzo wokuthi bangaki abantu ababeseTitanic ngesikhathi senhlekelele. Sizokukhuluma ngalokhu ngezansi.

Ukuhamba

Okokuqala futhi, njengoba kwenzeka esikhathini esizayo, ukuhamba okuhamba phambili "kwe-Titanic" okwenziwe ngaseSouthampton (eBrithani) - eNew York (USA) ngaphesheya kolwandle i - Atlantic. Ukuhamba kwakuhlelwe ngo-Ephreli 10, 1912.

Induna yaqokwa ngokuthi u-Edward John Smith - omunye wabasolwandle abanolwazi ngalesi sikhathi. Emuva kwakhe kwakukhona umyalo wokuphakama weminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu.

Ngemva kokulayisha abagibeli ngosuku olumisiwe ngo-12: 00, i-Titanic yaqala uhambo lwayo lokugcina.

Inani labagibeli nabasebenzi

Manje ake senze okufanayo ukuthi sibone ukuthi bangaki abantu ababeseTitanic, lapho eya enkundleni yakhe ebulalayo.

Ngokombiko obhaliwe, abasebenzi be-liner ekuphumeni kwabo eSouthampton babengabantu abangu-891. Kulaba bantu abangu-390 beqembu labagibeli, abayisishiyagalombili kubo babeyizikhulu, abanye abasebenzela usizo.

Njengoba kubalwa abagibeli, isimo sinzima kakhulu, njengoba izinombolo zabo zishintsha njalo. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokuthi ingxenye yabagibeli yahamba, kanti abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, bakhuphukela emkhunjini ngesikhathi behamba phakathi eCherbourg nase Queenstown.

E-Southampton, kwafika abagibeli abangu-943, abantu abangu-195 ababehamba ekilasini lokuqala. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokungena olwandle oluvulekile, inani labagibeli lenyuke laba abantu abangu-1317. Esiklasini sokuqala kwakunenhlanhla ukuhamba ngezinyawo ezingu-324-m, kwesibili nakwesithathu kwakukhona, ngokulandelana, abantu abangu-128 nabangu-708. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwakukhona izingane ezingu-125 phakathi kwabagibeli.

Ngakho-ke, sibona ukuthi ngokuhamba komthamo we-Titanic ku-2556 abantu, ekuhambeni kwawo kokuqala nangokugcina, kwalayishwa kancane ngaphezu kwesigamu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inani lezikebhe ezinikeziwe ngeke liwanele ngisho nokulondoloza bonke abagibeli, ngaphandle kokubalula ngisho nabasebenzi.

Phakathi kwabagibeli abadumile be-"Titanic" bangabonwa njengezigidigidi uJohn Jacob Astor noBenjamin Guggenheim, intatheli uWilliam Stead, ongumsizi kumengameli waseMelika u- Archibald Bath.

Ngakho, siphendule umbuzo wokuthi bangaki abantu ababeseTitanic.

Ukubhukuda

Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ngemva kokuhambela eCherbourg ne-Queenstown, i-liner yangena elwandle evulekile futhi yahamba emgwaqweni we-transatlantic eya eNyakatho Melika. "I-Titanic" yanikezwa ijubane lokunyakaza kuya kuma-nodes angu-21 ngezinga eliphezulu elingama-24 ama-knots.

Phakathi nohambo, isimo sezulu sasihle. Leyo ndima yenzeke ngaphandle kwezigameko ezikhethekile kanye nokuphambuka okuvela esikoleni.

Ngo-Ephreli 14, 1912, ngemva kokuhamba ngamakhilomitha angu-2 689 emgwaqweni we-Atlantic, i-Titanic yafika endaweni eseduze neNewfoundland, lapho kuhlangana khona umhlangano wayo obulalayo neqhwa.

Ukungqubuzana

I-Icebergs ijwayele kakhulu "imikhumbi ehamba nabo" eNorth Atlantic. Kodwa i-Titanic yayihamba, njengoba kucatshangwa, ngesilinganiso esiphephile, ngaleso sikhathi bekungeke kube khona amabhlokhi eqhwa ngaleso sikhathi sonyaka. Noma kunjalo, ngo-Ephreli 14, ngasekupheleni kwamabili, umhlangano wabo wenziwa.

Ngokuvamile kuvunywa ukuthi ngenxa yobumnyama abasebenzi be-steamer abazange babone i-iceberg. Kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngempela. Waqaphela umbheki lapho umkhumbi wawungamamitha angu-650 ukusuka ku-iceberg.

Ngokushesha, imiyalo ethi "Kushiya eBhodini" ne "Full Back" yanikezwa. Kodwa sekuphuzile kakhulu. Umkhumbi omkhulu, njenge-Titanic, awukwazanga ukuphumelela ngempumelelo ngesikhala esincane kangaka. Ukushayisana kwenzeka ngo-23:40.

Ukushaywa kwakungazange kube namandla kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ngisho lokhu kwakwanele ukudlala indima ebulalayo ekupheleni kwabagibeli nabasebenzi abaningi. Bangaki abantu abafa e-Titanic ngenxa yalesi sigameko esibulalayo ...

Ngemuva kokushayisana ne-iceberg, izimbobo eziyisithupha zakhiwe ezinkampanini ezinhlanu. Ngaleso senzakalo sezenzakalo, i-Titanic ayibalwa. Umyalo wawuqonda ukuthi isiphetho somkhumbi kwakuyisiphetho esinqunyiwe. Umklami uthe umkhumbi uzohlala emhlabathini ngaphandle kwehora nehafu.

Ukususwa kwabagibeli

Masinyane umyalelo wakhishwa ukugcina abagibeli, ngokuyinhloko abesifazane nabantwana. Ithimba lenza izikebhe.

Ukuvimbela ukwesaba phakathi kwabagibeli, izizathu zangempela zokuthuthwa kwazo zazifihlekile kubo, zathi zenziwa ukuze kuqashwe ukushayisana okukhona neqhwa. Qinisekisa abantu balakho kwakungekho nzima, ngoba, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umthelela "kwi-Titanic" kwakungabonakali. Abaningi babengafuni ngisho nokushiya umkhumbi okhululekile futhi bashintshe emanzini.

Kodwa lapho kancane kancane amanzi eqala ukukhukhula umkhumbi, kwakungenakwenzeka ukufihla isimo sangempela sezindaba. Kwavela ukwethuka, okwakhula ngemuva kokuba i-Titanic iqale isithende. Kwacaca ukuthi zonke izikebhe azanele. Ukuchoboza kwaqala. Wonke umuntu wayefuna ukungena kwinani lokulondolozwa, nakuba iqembu lizama yonke imizamo yokulahlekelwa kuqala kwabesifazane nabantwana.

Ngemva kwamahora amabili phakathi kwamabili, isikebhe sokugcina nabagibeli bahamba ngomkhumbi odilikayo. Abantu abasele babe nezinto eziningi zokuthutha.

Ukufa kwe-Titanic

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amanzi agcwalisa umkhumbi ngokuningi. Okokuqala, ibhuloho likaphenta laligcwele izikhukhula. Umnsalo womkhumbi wangena ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi ukudla, ngokuphambene, kwavuka kancane phezulu. Lapho futhi bagijimela kwesobunxele kubantu "be-Titanic".

Njengoba ikhukhula, i-angle phakathi kwe-stern kanye nephunga lomkhumbi yaqala ukukhula, okwaholela ekutheni i-Titanic yaphuka kabili. Ngo-2:20 umkhumbi wawushonile ngokuphelele.

Kodwa bangaki abantu abafa ku-Titanic? Ingabe kukhona abagibeli nabasindile abasinda kulo mkhumbi? Futhi bangaki abantu abasindise ku-Titanic? Sizozama ukuphendula le mibuzo ngezansi.

Inombolo yabasindile

Ukuze uthole ukuthi bangaki abantu abafa ku-Titanic, udinga ukuchaza amanothi amabili okufaka isicelo okugunyazayo. Ngosizo lwabo kuzokwazi ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Okokuqala, kudingeka sithole ukuthi bangaki abantu ababeseTitanic. Lokhu esikuchazile ngenhla. Udinga futhi ukwazi ukuthi bangaki abantu abasindise ku-Titanic. Ngezansi sizozama ukuphendula lo mbuzo.

Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, inani labantu abangu-712 lisindiswe. Kulaba bantu abangu-212 abasebenzi kanye nabagibeli abangu-500. Ipesenti enkulu kunazo zonke zabantu abahlengwayo phakathi kwabagibeli bekilasi lokuqala, 62%. Inombolo yabasindile ekilasini lesibili nelesithathu kwaba, ngokulandelana, 42.6% no 25.6%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuphela 23.6% wamalungu weqembu angasindiswa.

Lezi zibalo zichazwe ukuthi umyalelo wanikezwa ngokuyinhloko ukugcina abagibeli, hhayi abasebenzi. Inani elikhulu labantu abaphilayo abahamba ekilasini lokuqala ngenxa yokuthi ephansi ekilasini, ngaphezulu kwakuvela emgodini womkhumbi. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu babe nokufinyelela okuncane emabhokisini okuphila.

Uma sikhuluma ukuthi bangaki abantu "kwi-Titanic" abasinda phakathi kwalabo abagibeli nabasebenzi abangasebenzi, ngakho-ke kudingeka sikhulume ukuthi kwakungelula ukugcina impilo yomuntu ngaphansi kwalezi zimo. Umkhumbi owawunqamukile wawususa yonke into elasha.

Manje ngeke kube nzima kithi ukunquma ukuthi bangaki abantu abacwilisiwe kwi-Titanic.

Bangaki abantu abafa?

Ngemuva kokunquma ukuthi bangaki abantu abasinda kwi-Titanic, futhi futhi bebhekisela kwinani lokuqala labagibeli nabasebenzi, akulula ukunikeza impendulo yombuzo wenani labantu abafa ngesikhathi sehla.

Babulawe abantu abangu-1496, abangaphezu kuka-67% wabantu ababesemkhunjini ngesikhathi sokushayisana ne-block block. Kubandakanya izisulu ezingu-686 phakathi kwabasebenzi kanye nabagibeli abangu-810. Lezi zibalo zikhombisa inhlangano empofu yokukhulula kwabantu abahluphekile.

Ngakho-ke, sithole ukuthi bangaki abantu abafa ku-Titanic.

Izimbangela zenhlekelele

Kunzima ukwahlulela ukuthi iphutha elikhulu lamalungu abasebenzi, abakwazanga ukuqaphela i-iceberg ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuphikisana kwenzeka ngesikhathi sebusuku, ngaphezu kwalokho ezindaweni zokuhlala, lapho kule nkathi yonyaka akekho okulindeleke ukuthi abone i-block block.

Enye into ukuthi abenzi bomkhumbi nabahleli be-seyili baxhomeke kakhulu ekungenakwenzeka kwe-Titanic. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umkhumbi wawunesiqingatha sezikebhe ezivela esilinganisweni esifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kwamalungu eqembu ayengazi amandla abo, ngakho-ke izikebhe zokuqala zokuphumula zazigcwele kuphela.

Bangaki abantu abafa e-Titanic, ukuthi imindeni eminingi ilahlekelwe izihlobo zayo ngenxa yokuthi akekho umuntu oqaphele ukuthi kungenzeka inhlekelele ...

Ukubaluleka kwenhlekelele

Kunzima ukuphazamisa ithonya lokufa kwe-Titanic lalingqondweni yabantu. Kwakubonakala njengempendulo yamandla emvelo ezifisweni zendoda eyaziqhenya ukuthi yenze umkhumbi ongenakwenzeka.

Phakathi kwalabachwepheshe kwakukhona izingxabano mayelana nezimbangela zangempela zengozi nokuthi ngabe kungenzeka yini ukuyigwema, bangaki abantu abasinda kwi-Titanic nokuthi bangaki abafayo.

Ukufa kwalesi simangaliso somcabango wesintu kusabangela ukuqonda kwabantu. Le nhlekelele kuze kube manje inegalelo kumasiko. Isiphetho seTitanic nabantu ababekuyo ngesikhathi senhlekelele yizincwadi ezibhaliwe namabhayisikobho.