Kiev City: Kiev wezokuVikela (1941)

Esinye sezenzakalo eziphawulekayo ka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe Kuyimpi ngo-1941 i-Kiev. bevikela umuzi wawuqala July kuya September futhi esabulala abantu abaningi. Imibhalo kwalo mcimbi ubizwa ngokuthi Kiev amasu ukusebenza ukuzivikela.

Naphezu ubuqhawe of amasosha aseSoviet kwathi nabomdabu bakule ndawo bavunyelwa amaphutha amaningi zamasu. Ngemva kwalokho, baye kwaholela sibhicongo, okuyiwona amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu kwadingeka bakhokhe ngokuphila kwakhe.

Kusukela sokuphela

Ngokokuqala ngqá Kiev wahlaselwa khona kanye ekuqaleni kwempi. Kwakungu-June 22, 1941, ekuhlaseleni German wakhumula entathakusa kuye amabhomu yabo. Khona-ke kwaqala ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwenyanga kamuva amaJalimane uyofika edolobheni eduze.

Kusukela airstrike hit isakhiwo sesitimela, i ifektri izindiza, esikhumulweni sezindiza wezempi, kanye nabanye, kuhlanganise nezindlu zokuhlala. Abantu abaningi abaqondi nakubona ukuthi kukhona impi. Kubo, kwaba izivivinyo njalo, okuye uye wakwenza eyenziwa amabutho aseSoviet isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi edolobheni zaqala ukulungela ukuzivikela. It yadalwa ekhatsi Kiev umugqa ukuzivikela, okwakuwuphawu isiqeshana bunkers 200. Phambi kwabo ezakhiwa moats ngokumelene amathangi kanye elihamba phansi. Obunye pillboxes futhi imisele yasungulwa eliseduze nedolobha. Zonke lezi misebenzi eyenziwa abantu abangaphezu kuka-160 eziyinkulungwane Kiev kanye nezakhamuzi imizana eseduze.

Ngo-June 23, edolobheni wavula izinto ukugqugquzela. abantu abayizinkulungwane 200 babizelwe ukuthi yingxenye eyodwa kweziyisihlanu zenani abakhileyo Kiev. Ngokusho ofakazi, abantu abasha bafuna ukuya phambi ukulwa amaJalimane. Lokhu ukushisekela ubuzwe akazange aphule okulahla amaningi futhi ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu ukuthi senzeka 30s futhi futhi kuqaliswe futhi ngenxa yempi.

Ukuqala Kiev ukusebenza ukuzivikela ubhekwa Julayi 11, lapho Wehrmacht amabutho sesifike emfuleni Irpen. Laliqhele 15 amakhilomitha entshonalanga yomuzi. Lo msebenzi wathatha izinsuku 70.

Abahlanganyeli umcimbi

Ukuze zilungisa ababenza lo nokuhlaselwa kwaleli dolobha, futhi ababenza ekumeleleni Kiev, kubalulekile ukubheka etafuleni.

Amacebo Germany ngo-July 1941

Umyalo German wayethemba zizodla Donbass kanye eCrimea ngaphambi ukuqala ebusika. Kwakubuye kube kubalulekile ukuba liyobamba Leningrad ukuzihlanganisa namanye amabutho Finnish. Ukuze afeze le njongo babekwazi ukuvimbela ukuvikela nobuqhawe Kiev.

Ngokusho komunye imikhombandlela, uHitler ngaphambilini kuya eningizimu-asempumalanga kwesigaba awuzange nje kuthathwe. Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kwaba ukuvimbela ukuhoxiswa amabutho enkulu nesitha ukujula, kodwa ukuze awabhubhise ngisho ngasentshonalanga yasebhange Dnieper.

Impi July no-August: isinqumo eyinhlekelele

Entshonalanga Kiev kwaba Army "South". Ngiphikisana eNingizimu-ntshonalanga wakhe phambi, okuyinto luphakeme nesitha isibalo amasosha futhi imishini yezobuchwepheshe. Kodwa wazizwa ukuntuleka okukhulu nakho. Ngo ibutho laseSoviet siswele isinyathelo izinduna, futhi amaJalimane kahle ezazinamandla ngekhono futhi sizungezwe isitha.

Kanye izimpi eyenziwa kuhlengwe abantu. Nokho, kwaba asihlelekile nhlobo. Ngokuvamile, iziphathimandla wakhipha imindeni yabo eminingi, okwabacasula kakhulu izakhamuzi ezivamile. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, ngisho esetshenziswa amaloli, okuyinto ayifuna ngabomvu entula ngaphambili.

Kafushane wasiza ekulinganiseni isimo kuhlasela nobuqhawe Army General vlasov. Agasti 10, sibonga kuye, esemaphethelweni Kiev ukhululiwe. Kukithi ukufutheka German sokudumisa othukuthele ukuthi Agasti 8 eyayibekwe ukubamba umbukiso ku Khreshchatyk. Nokho, impumelelo Red Army akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside.

Ipulani eJalimane ngo-August

Ummeli nobuqhawe Kiev ophoqelelwe umyalo German ukushintsha izinhlelo zabo. UHitler wayekholelwa ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba liyobamba eMoscow hhayi njengoba umcabango Franz Halder nezindawo eningizimu ye-USSR. Ngaphambi ebusika, uHitler wafuna ukuthatha eCrimea, amalahle kanye nesifunda yezimboni Donbass, kanye ukuvimba ukulethwa lwamafutha eCaucasus kuya amabutho aseSoviet.

Ngaphezu Halder, ngesinqumo Hitler angizange uyavuma futhi Geynts Guderian. Yena uqobo azama ukukholisa sokudumisa akuzange kuwumise kuhlaselwa eMoscow, kodwa amaphuzu akhe akazange kuthinte isinqumo we Wehrmacht umkhuzi abakhulu. Ngakho, uba yingxenye yalelo qembu "Isikhungo" bayiswa eningizimu ngo-August 24 futhi okumisiwe kuhlaselwa eMoscow.

Amasu ka-USSR ngo-August

Stalin esesabela eMoscow. Wayazi ukuthi maduze uthumele isinyathelo sezempi kulesi siqondiso. Lokhu futhi waqinisekisa biko. Kusukela ngomhla ka-ekuqaleni kuka-August, amabutho aseJalimane kwakufanele ukuhlasela eMoscow ngokusebenzisa Bryansk.

Kodwa Stalin wayengazi ukuthi uHitler enquma kakhulu ukushintsha izinhlelo zabo futhi uyothuma amabutho ezengeziwe eningizimu.

Impi ekupheleni Agasti: ukuhoxa belated

Agasti 21, uHitler ngemvume nesiqondiso. Njalo lo wayelodadewabo nethonya juqu ngenkambo alandelayo impi. Kwakuwusuku yokuthi amabutho esemqoka ye Wehrmacht wahlupheka buhlungu kusuka eMoscow kuya eningizimu, okungukuthi Kiev, eCrimea kanye Donbass.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwakukhona kokubili ezindizeni zempi kanye nomkhakha wezokuvikela civil Kiev, isimo saba inhlekelele. Lapho lo myalo ayivunyelwe ukuthatha inhlokodolobha, owesaba kukaStalin ukuphendula, okuyinto lalikwenqabele.

Ngenxa yalokho yaseNingizimu-entshonalanga phambi ke esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe ngokuphelele amaJalimane angasiboni. Ngobusuku buka-September 18 eMoscow, kwanqunywa ukuba ashona. Nokho, isikhathi ilahlekile, ngenxa yalokho, yini yonke iminyango bakwazi ukuphuma esiyingini. amasosha Mayelana 700.000 ababoshwa futhi abulawe. Zabulawa behlelwa Jikelele Kirponos, kanye 800 izikhulu futhi ojenene owayehola phambili.

Kiev ukuzivikela lihlulekile. amabutho aseSoviet, abase bebaleka ngokushesha wakwazi buthaka konke amabhuloho ezine yonkana Dnieper. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuzo okwamanje elaliyizakhamuzi kanye amasosha. Wahunyushwa ngokuthi inoperable amandla edolobheni, amanzi. Ngo amanzi zaziphonswa izinkulungwane izikhwama ukudla. Zonke lezi zenzo sibheke umphakathi osele (acishe abe yizinkulungwane 400) ku ekusindeni elambile emzini matasa kuwo.

AmaJalimane bangena emzini oku 19 Septhemba. Ngakusasa kwaqala kusondele amaJuda ezinkulungwane zabantu bendawo baqala kuphunywe ukusebenza eJalimane. Lokhu kwaqhubeka iminyaka emithathu.

Imiphumela nemiphumela yokusebenza

Kyïv Defense Wendawo wayengakwazi sidudule we Wehrmacht. Ukunqotshwa kwaba buhlungu osindayo ebuthweni laseSoviet. Ngaphezu nesibalo esikhulu izimpilo zabantu nokuthela amanzi emhlane wedada phezu ayizinkulungwane 4 izingcezu, ezigqulweni, amathangi, izindiza.

ukuzivikela Akuphumelelanga Kiev wavula endleleni Wehrmacht ngasempumalanga. izenzakalo Landelayo zenzeka ngejubane umbani. AmaJalimane ethumba indawo abaningi.

Kwezikhathi ekuthumbeni emazweni asempumalanga naseningizimu:

• 8 Okthoba - oLwandle Azov;
• Okthoba 16 - Le ndawo Odessa;
• 17 Okthoba - Donbass;
• October 25 - Kharkiv;
• Novemba 2 - eCrimea (Sevastopol ubekade ukuvinjelwa).

Kuleli ukunqotshwa onegazi izikhathi ezimbalwa omuhle. Okokuqala amabutho aseJalimane uMathale ubuyiselwe esikhundleni kusuka eMoscow, anike amandla umyalo Soviet sokulungiselela ukuzivikela yayo. Kwathiwa okwesikhashana i offensive yokulwa Leningrad ukudala ababemzungezile indandatho ezihambisanayo. Ngakho, Kiev ukusebenza ukuzivikela akuwenzanga isikhathi amaJalimane ukuze uthwebule eMoscow.