Umbuso isiHebheru ababusi baso. I-dolobha yombuso Hebrew

umbuso isiHebheru ezichazwe eBhayibhelini wake waba khona XI-X cc. BC. e. Kule nkathi wokubusa uSawule amakhosi kaDavide noSolomoni. Lapho abantu bamaJuda abaye baphila onamandla isimo eyodwa.

Inkathi Abahluleli

Umlando Palestine kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo elihlobene ne izinganekwane eziningi nama-legends, ukuba yiqiniso kwale ndaba. okuyinto ziyaqhubeka phikisana mlando nabacwaningi emithonjeni lasendulo. umbuso ngesiHebheru eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi iTestamente Elidala, echaza izenzakalo okukhulunywa isikhathi.

Ngaphambi ukuvela amaJuda isimo esisodwa wahlala ngaphansi kokuqondisa abahluleli. Bakhandwa okhethiwe phakathi amalungu onegunya kunabo futhi abahlakaniphile umphakathi, kodwa akanawo amandla langempela, futhi kuvunyelwe kuphela zombango phakathi izakhamizi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaJuda sisengozini okuvela nobutha omakhelwane-abayimizulane. AmaFilisti olukhulu.

Ukhetho kweNkosi uSawule

Cishe 1029 BC. e. abantu bekhathazekile waphoqelela umprofethi uSamuweli (nomunye wabahluleli) wokuqoka inkosi yakwa ikhandidethi uyakufanelekela kakhulu. Sage ekuqaleni udangele bakubo, libanxuse ukuthi amandla umholi wamasosha kuzoholela ubushiqela ukwesaba. Noma kunjalo, abantu abavamile ibubula ihlaselwe lezitha futhi aphikelela yakhe.

Ekugcineni, ngokweBhayibheli, uSamuweli kuboniswane Nkulunkulu, eyavula ukuthi inkosi kufanele kube insizwa uSawulu esizweni sakwaBhenjamini. Kwakuwusuku kancane zabasebenzi abangamaJuda. ngokushesha Prophet wahola isicelo kubantu womile. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke wanquma inkatho, ukuqinisekisa ngokunemba kukhethwa yinkosi. It ngempela bakhomba uSawule. Ngakho kwaba khona umbuso isiHebheru.

Nokuchuma kuka-Israyeli

Iminyaka wokuqala wokubusa kaSawule kwaba isikhathi impumuzo kubo bonke abantu bayo. Abaholi bezombusazwe kubuthwe ihlelwe ibutho ezingase ukuvikela izwe ngokumelene izitha. Phakathi zinqobe, anqotshiwe phambi kuka-umbuso Amoni, bakwaMowabi nabesifunda Edomi. okumunyu Ikakhulukazi kwaba nezingxoxo namaFilisti.

EnguMbusi yenkolo ezihlukahlukene. Ngamunye ukunqoba kwakhe esinikezelwe kuNkulunkulu, ngaphandle okuyinto, ngokombono wakhe, kwakuyodingeka eside asebebulawe umbuso isiHebheru. Umlando yezimpi wayo imelane nayo nomakhelwane bayo kuchazwa ngokuningiliziwe eBhayibhelini. Kube nobunjalo uSawule abasha Kwembula. Kodwa yena wayengekho kuphela zenkolo, kodwa futhi indoda ethobekile. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphumula, amandla eNgophezukonke esehlakulele ensimini, okubonisa ukuthi akuhlukile abantu ezweni lakhe.

Ingxabano yenkosi nomprofethi

Ngemva omunye Kuzonyuka phakathi uSawule noSamuweli kwadingeka ingxabano. isizathu sakhe laba yisenzo ahlambalazayo yenkosi. Ngobusuku obandulela impi namaFilisti, wenza umhlatshelo, kuyilapho yayingenalo ilungelo lokuthola ukwenza kanjalo. Ukwenza njalo kungenza kuphela abapristi, kodwa kunalokho uSamuweli. Naphakathi kwenkosi Umprofethi wasiphakamisa ikhefu, okuyinto kwaba uphawu lokuqala ukuqala ezikhathini ezinzima.

USamuweli, owahamba egcekeni, wamdumaza kanjani uSawule. Wanquma alibeke phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi nomuntu ongafanele. Nkulunkulu (kabani kwemifanekiso ngokuvamile zitholakala eBhayibhelini) kwavunyelwana nompristi wacela kuye ikhandidethi entsha. Agcina eseyinto uDavide osemusha, bani uSamuweli ngasese agcotshiwe ukubusa.

David

Le nsizwa kwakufanele banamakhono amaningi futhi izici ezimangalisayo. Wayengumuntu isosha kakhulu futhi umculi. Mayelana amakhono akhe waziwa esigodlweni senkosi. USawule wayengenasithakazelo ngaleso sikhathi baqala ukuhlupheka neziqubu zokudabuka. Abapristi wameluleka ukwelapha lesi sifo ngosizo umculo. Ngakho inkantolo uvele uDavide edlala umbusi ihabhu.

Ngokushesha esesondela enkosini kwenza yena nangenye feat. David wajoyina impi yakwa-Israyeli, lapho impi elilandelayo ngokumelene namaFilisti. Ekamu lesitha kwaba esibi kunazo iqhawe uGoliyati. Le nzalo imidondoshiya kwadingeka ukwanda okukhulu namandla. David ukumbizela duel siqu futhi abashaya nge ikhono lakhe futhi isihlilingi. Ngo uphawu ngokunqoba le nsizwa uyonquma wahlulwa ikhanda elikhulu. Lesi siqephu ingenye edume kakhulu futhi esicashunwe eBhayibhelini.

Ukunqoba kuka-kuGoliyati, uDavide wenza ozithandayo kwabantu. Phakathi kwakhe uSawule kwakukhona ingxabano, zaphenduka impi yombango okwase lanyakazisa umbuso isiHebheru. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ePalestina waphinda ayenamandla amaFilisti. They tshoda ibutho kuSawuli, njalo wayephambi wazibulala engasafuni ukuba ekuthunjweni isitha.

inkosi entsha

Ngakho 1005 BC. e. UDavide waba yinkosi. Ngisho ngesikhathi inkantolo kaSawule, washada indodakazi yakhe, kanjalo eba nkosi umkhwenyana. Kungenxa inhloko-dolobha yombuso ngesiHebheru uDavide washukumiseleka ukuba iJerusalema, okuyinto liye kusukela baba inhliziyo zonke ekuphileni kazwelonke. Umbusi omusha ukubukelwa ukuhlela zasemadolobheni kanye muhle izifundazwe.

Indawo emibuso ngesiHebheru sikhathi uhlala kuyindaba yokukhathalelwa mpikiswano. Uma ulibiza ngegama iBhayibheli, kuthathwa ngokuthi imingcele Israyeli babaleka phambi Gaza-Ewufrathe. Njengezinye ababusi nemibuso isiHebheru, uDavide wahola impi oyimpumelelo ehlasela omakhelwane babo. Nomads ngokuphindaphindiwe kulahliwe kusukela emngceleni lapho baqala umkhankaso njalo njengoba abantu bephanga izinto futhi zichitha igazi.

Nokho, akubona bonke wokubusa kukaDavide serene and quiet. Izwe waphinda kwadingeka ukuba zidlule yombango. Lesi sikhathi endodaneni emaphakathi uhulumeni uqobo u-Absalomu ehlubuka uDavide. Yena encroached ku esihlalweni sobukhosi sikayise, nakuba kwakudingeka unelungelo lokuzikhethela yona. Ekugcineni, ibutho lakhe lanqotshwa, futhi indodana yolahleko - ubulawa izinceku zenkosi, ngokuphambene oda yenkosi.

Solomon

Lapho uDavide yayisindala bagongobaliswe, futhi kwakukhona umbuzo ngokulandelana. Inkosi yayifuna ukuze uthumele amandla enye yamadodana akhe abasebasha, uSolomoni, eyabhala ayevelele ngokuhlakanipha namandla nokubusa. Kukhethwa uyise ayikuthandi nezinye owamazibulo - Adoniya. Waze wazama ukuhlela umbuso ngokumisa ekumisweni kwayo siqu ezinsukwini zokuphila kwakhe aziphiweyo ehlatshwa uyise.

Nokho, umzamo kuhlulekile Adoniya. Ngenxa wobugwala yabo, wabalekela etendeni. USolomoni wamthethelela umfowabo emva kokuphenduka kwakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abanye abahlanganyeli ku Uzungu lwesitha Izikhulu eziningi zakulesi nabangane abaningi babulawa. Amakhosi umbuso isiHebheru wayekholelwa ngokuqinile amandla ezandleni zabo.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha ithempeli eJerusalema

Ngemva kokufa lukaDavide lwaqala kokubusa langempela kaSolomoni (965-928 GG. BC. E.). Kwakuwusuku usadlondlobele zombuso isiHebheru. Leli zwe thembeke evikelwe ezinsongweni yangaphandle futhi kancane kancane savela futhi yaceba.

Isenzo main kwaba ukwakhiwa kwethempeli likaSolomoni eliseJerusalema - main shrine abangamaJuda. Lesi sakhiwo zenkolo kwakufanekisela inyunyana wonke abantu. umsebenzi Omkhulu ku ukulungiswa zokwakha kanye ukudalwa plan namanje kwenza uDavide. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, wanika amaphepha indodana yakhe.

USolomoni wayeseqala ukwakha ngolwesibili ngomnyaka wesine wokubusa kwakhe. Wancenga usizo enkosini we umuzi waseFenike waseThire. Kusuka lapho kwafika abaklami abadumile futhi abanamakhono owayehola umsebenzi ngqo ukwakhiwa kwethempeli. Kwesakhiwo senkolo eyinhloko amaJuda aba ingxenye yaleso esigodlweni. Laliqhele egqumeni, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Temple. Ngosuku yokwahlukaniselwa e 950 BC. e. Umphongolo Wesivumelwano - the esifuze kazwelonke main washukumiseleka isakhiwo. AmaJuda agubha ekupheleni ukwakhiwa esikhathini esidlule amasonto amabili. Ithempeli waba yisikhungo sokuphila okungokwenkolo, okuyinto edonsela-pilgrim labavela kuto tonkhe tifundza abangamaJuda.

Kokufa kukaSolomoni e 928 BC. e. It aqede ukuchuma isimo enobunye. abazolandela EnguMbusi ihlukaniswe amandla phakathi kwabo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kwaba khona abantu embusweni wasenyakatho (Israyeli) futhi umbuso oseningizimu (uJuda). Inkathi uSawule, uDavide noSolomoni kubhekwa inkathi yokuchuma abantu bamaJuda.