Russian-Japanese impi, Lyaoyanskoe impi: abahlanganyeli, imiphumela

impi Russian-Japanese ka 1904-1905 sasingagwemeki, ngoba ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, Sakushintsha izithakazelo geopolitical of the Empire, Russian. Nakuba States ezinkulu zomhlaba ziye ungakabi wafunda indlela yokubhekana nezindaba sina geopolitical ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla, futhi ngenxa yalokho, zezisulu womuntu.

Izimbangela Russian-Japanese War

1. Ukuqinisa kobungane nobudlelwane phakathi Russia nase-China. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kufika ku-90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu le-19, uze kuqala inqubomgomo angaphandle isiRashiya kwakuwulimi emazweni aseBalkan eyaziwa, kodwa ekuqiniseni ubungane iqala ngo-1894 ne-China. Russia awahlinzeke State usizo zamanxusa nakwezempi e le ilwa neJapane.
2. I ukungqubuzana phakathi Russia nase-Japan ngokuya ithonya elithile eliseMpumalanga Ekude futhi Manchuria.

amaphutha Strategic and ngokunqoba empi

Ekuqaleni, kwaba sobala ukuthi ibutho Japanese ayikalungi zempi eside. Kodwa ojenene Russian babekholelwa ukuthi Asians ngeke ixoxe amazwe aseYurophu futhi wahlela impi nezimpi ezimbili. Lokhu kwaba yiphutha amasu wezempi Russian futhi osomaqhinga. Futhi, amaRashiya, sicabangela ingqikithi retardation amabutho Japan (endleleni, futhi iphutha), ngicabanga ukuthi i-Western Front uzodinga amandla okuningi kunabo bonke abantu basempumalanga. uhlelo Russian saphathwa kokuzama impi eside lapho inyanga 7-8-th kuyofezwa ukunqoba olwandle kanye kokwehla akulezi ziqhingi. It Ukulayisha ngenxa plan Japanese, leli qiniso eliyisisekelo okwakunzima ngomzuzwana hit phezu Pacific isigaba futhi ekuthatheni ukulawula kolwandle.

Isilinganiso amabutho olwandle

Russia nase-Japan iminyaka eminingana ngaphambi kokuba impi kwakuqale ukuhlanganyela nokuqinisa mabutho zabo. ERussia kwase sesijabuleIa e iMpi YaseCrimea, eyabonisa ukubaluleka impumelelo kolwandle. Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi kwesiphetho impi empumalanga yeJapane, bamabutho baye bathola umsebenzi oyinhloko - nasekuqiniseni ngoxhaxha Pacific.

Ngakho, sicabangela isimo mabutho lamazwe. Inombolo ephelele imikhumbi Empire Russian eMpumalanga for ngonyaka 1904 zazilingana 64. Kulaba kubabulali - 35, nabo bebekhona Cruisers, yempi, izikebhe enkulu. Ngokwezinombolo aphakeme imikhumbi Japanese Russia. Kuphela ngumbhubhisi eyalwa 47. Isamba esiphelele Navy of Japan zaba amayunithi 87. Njengoba singabona, inani Navy Japan wawudlula isigaba Russian on shumbi 23. Mhlawumbe abaseRussia bayasethemba bokuphakama lobuchwepheshe, kodwa akuzange kusebenze. imikhumbi Japanese babe ngokushesha, ukudubula kangcono futhi abantu abangaphezu bavikelekile isibhamu isitha.

Ukugqashuka kwempi

Ukuzuma we - esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu empumelelweni empini. Ibutho Japanese, okungukuthi amabutho imikhumbi, January 27, eqala impi ku izinkomba ezimbili. Phawula ukuthi bobabili ukulwa yaphela ngempumelelo ngenxa isiJapane, nakuba ngoxhaxha kuphinde isinciphile amandla. Esigamekweni sokuqala kwaba ubusuku Japanese. Asians isigaba lalinabashumayeli imikhumbi 25 ezintathu izinhlobo: the yempi, Cruisers, kubabulali. Amabhomu we yempi Russian "Tsarevich" futhi "Ratzivan" zalimala, kanye impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Pallada". I unexpectedness amabutho Russian abakwazanga ulwe ukuhlaselwa we-Japanese ngempela.

Ukuhlaselwa yesibili senzeke ekuseni ngosuku olufanayo, okwaphumela ukwehluleka kwafika nomunye imikhumbi 5 Russian. Asinakusho ukuthi ukulimala ngoxhaxha umbuso kwaba ebulalayo, kodwa kuyaphawuleka, ngoba umkhumbi ukulungisa okubi sele zifakiwe.

Wayekuphi impi yesibili kosuku? Manje eyaziwa Korean Incheon iqamba Chemulpo. Ekuqaleni kuka-1904, usufikile ethekwini wema 2 umkhumbi waseRussia "Varyag" futhi "Korean". I-Japanese ehlaselwa amabutho Russian lwemikhumbi 14. Kuyacaca ukuthi isiphetho imikhumbi Russian ukhonjwe, kodwa uzihlule ngokushesha, amaJapane bahluleka noma kunjalo. Umkhuzi "Varyag" Rudnev ukholelwa ukuthi kumelwe uzame ukubaleka izimpiko we Japanese futhi sifinyelele abantu ePort Arthur. Empini ulwandle aluthatha ngemva kwalokho. Umonakalo "Varyag" awuzange uvunyelwe ukuphumela ngaphandle kwesitokisi umbono of Korea ukuba kusebenze, kodwa 3 emkhunjini Japanese nazo neutralized. Qaphela ukuthi amatilosi Russian awazange elahlekile futhi babe kamuva akwazi ukubuyela ekhaya.

Ukufa Makarov

Nabaholi, nezinduna ekamu Russian waqaphela ukuthi Pacific Fleet ekuqaleni empini ayizange iphumelele ekuhlolweni empini. Ukuze usungule lezempi zayala imikhumbi esimisiwe edumile Vice-Admiral Makarov. Le ndoda kwadingeka eside ukulwa nakho, ngakho kwadingeka ukuba babhekane ngokuphumelelayo nge imisebenzi.

Ngenyanga ka umsebenzi wayo ngoxhaxha Russian ishintshile. Makarov khudlwana ezingeni lezempi, Navy ephakanyiswe enhlanganweni lomsebenzi. umsebenzi umfutho futhi anda, okwenza kube lula ukwandisa isibalo nempumelelo lwemikhumbi aphuma aye olwandle. Yiqiniso, amaJapane kungukuthi ehlezi izandla ubukele noshintsho qualitative lemikhumbi yempi Russian. Zonke izindawo zokuphuma kusukela abantu ePort Arthur njalo misela. March 31, 1904 i-impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Petropavlovsk", okuyinto, baqhubeka nohambo lwabo ebhodi kanye Makarov, yasha ngumuntu okwami. Bonke abantu ebhodini abulawa.

Eyesibili isigaba impi

Ukunqoba kwe-Navy-Japanese kwenza ukuba bahlele isimo esiqhingini wayiswa Liaodong Peninsula kokwehla eside amandla. By endleleni, lo msebenzi kwakuhleliwe futhi ihlelwe kusengaphambili, ngoba kancane imfihlo Japanese ukungena Korea kusukela ekwindla ka-1903. Yiqiniso, ibutho Japanese akazange ukuqhuba ubudlova evulekile. Sikhuluma abantu eceleni ngubani babengabahwebi, ababazi, nokunye. D. umsebenzi oyinhloko awo acekela kwakuwukwenza nemibandela impumelelo kokwehla imisebenzi, ukukhalipha ukuhlangana.

Kusukela ngo-January 24 kuya ku-March 3 ogwini-Korean lawela ezingaphezu kuka-35,000 Japanese. Sidinga ukuqonda ibhalansi amabutho Russian. Amandla Imininingwane yempi e-Asia zaba abantu 123 000. Kulawa, cishe 24,000 ezazisemizini Territory Primorsky. ENhlonhlweni Kwantung babengaba zinkulungwane 30. AmaRashiya 19000th ibutho uqapha umngcele Korea. Northeast China kwaba indawo ekahle kubalulekile tsarist. Kwakukhona abantu bempi bobukhosi ezingaphezu kuka-50 eziyinkulungwane. Land ibutho elaliholwa Jikelele A. N. Kuropatkin.

iqembu Russian komngcele Korea isinyathelo zibukele. Uyephuza kuye kwasho ukuthi Japanese kuhlulekile ukuhlasela 7000th ezibaya Russian futhi ukunqoba kwakhe. Ngenxa ukulwa, ibutho Russian ilahlekelwe ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 izibhamu, babulawa ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 3 amasosha, futhi kwadingeka ukuba ashona amakhilomitha 70. Lyaoyanskoe mpi yaqala lo mbuso kuhlulekile.

Jinzhou: elinye kokunqotshwa ibutho bobukhosi

Yebo, amaRashiya babeqiniseka yokuphakama kwakhe ezweni, kodwa kule Ayephambuke. Enye amasosha Japanese lawela phezu Peninsula Liaodong April 22, 1904. Isibalo baleli qembu futhi angaba yizinkulungwane 35. iqhinga Japanese kwaba ukuthi akufanele angene ukulwa enempi elaliholwa A. N. Kuropatkin salibangisa maphakathi nezwe. Yiqiniso, kubantu base-Asia umyalo Seliziqedisisile zonke izingozi lokuhlinzwa, ngakho ngo-May 4 endaweni okufikela Dagushana ababebalelwa 15,000. Inhloso: ukumboza okuhlukumezayo Jinzhou.

lweminyaka Japanese kuya edolobheni yayithatha izinsuku 19. Eduze lo dilobho Indinyana encane Abasensimini Kwantung Kuqashisiwe. iqembu Russian kule mdweshu wezwe wawungaphansi kwamakhilomitha abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-4. Meyi 13 nempi eside. Nakuba umonakalo Japanese kwakuyizikhathi 3 ngaphezulu, kodwa ukulwa baye wawina. Ngenxa yalokho balokhu kunqoba, ibutho Japanese wavula indlela yabo baya echwebeni esikhathini esizayo. Northeast China aba ngaphansi kokulawula jikelele zamabutho Japanese namabutho Russian abangu empeleni nginqume nomunye.

lokulwa Ngaphezu kwalokho saqhubeka impumelelo obuhlukahlukene, futhi ukulahlekelwa esindayo kokubili wamabutho.

Lyaoyanskoe impi

Ngo-August 1904 esigabeni wesithathu empini. Lyaoyanskoe impi sele ahlelile, ngoba izinyanga ezintathu eduze le ndawo ukwakha izinqaba sina. Kusukela ngomhla ka-Agasti 1904 isibalo Russian Manchurian Army kwaba 152,000, futhi amabutho Japanese babe at yizinkulungwane 22 esingaphansi zezinombolo. Lyaoyanskoe impi 1904 wehlela emlandweni njengoba umcimbi aphule ngokuphelele umoya yebutho Russian.

Naphezu kwesibalo ephansi, owokuqala azilwele ngo-August 11, waya Japanese. Babefuna ahaqe abaseRussia, noma okungenani ukuhlukanisa ngokuphelele kubo kusukela kungenzeka ngezindlela ezintsha amabutho lusondela. Lo mkhankaso kwakungekaNkulunkulu amabutho Japanese njalo, ngoba, ngokungafani nokubili baseRussia abakhuthele kakhulu.

ibutho Kuropatkin sika wayengakwazi kakhulu zokumelana, ngoba ibanga kusuka enkabeni ingaphezu 7000 km. Ngo-August 19, amaJapane umaluju Kuropatkin iphuzu elilandelayo ngemva kwalokho kwaba khona usongo lungabanjwa Yantai. umyalo Eqaphela ukuthi lutho kuyofezwa isinqumo sokuba siphumele Mukden. Lyaoyanskoe impi, lapho abahlanganyeli elahlekile ingqikithi abantu 40 000 yabonisa backwardness baxhashazwe amabutho Russian.

Imiphumela empini

Khuluma mayelana izimpi esizayo, isimiso, ayikho injongo ekhethekile, ngoba kwaba impumelelo amaJapane nobuhlungu obukhulu yeRussia.

Imiphumela empini yase-Russia ayenzima. Ngakho, e-Portsmouth Ukuthula iSivumelwano 1905 uthi:

1. Wik-Sakhalin lithuthela Japan.
2. Japan uthola ukuqasha Peninsula Liaodong.
3. The kungenzeka ujantshi Japanese eNhlonhlweni Liaodong.
4. Ukuhoxiswa amabutho isiRashiya ababevela Manchuria.

Russia nase Japan wangena ingxabano, imiphumela okuyilokho, eqinisweni, wazizwa namuhla, ngoba isivumelwano sokuthula phakathi Russia nase-Japan imiphumela ka-1945, impi alikakaphethwa.